Oil Transfer Between DP Shuttle and Conventional Tankers in Tandem Configuration: A Numerical Evaluation of Alternatives

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. Tannuri ◽  
Helio M. Morishita ◽  
Michel R. Miyazaki ◽  
Lazaro Moratelli ◽  
Rafael M. L. Madureira
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Numerical Evaluation ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Tandem Configuration ◽  
System A ◽  
Advance Speed ◽  
Relative Motions

The recent Pre-Salt oil fields discovered in Brazil are imposing some new logistical challenges concerning distribution in the internal and external markets. In order to reduce the demand in the on-shore terminals, the export oil could be directly transferred from the platforms to the export tankers. However, internal regulations define that the offloading operation must be carried out by DP Shuttle Tankers (ST). Due to this definition, since 1994, the DP-ST fleet has been increased, and the safety and uptime of the offloading operations are improving. The utilization of a DP-ST to navigate across the oceans for exportation is not economically advantageous, since the day-rates of those vessels are significantly higher than conventional (non-DP) STs. Hence, a possible solution is to transfer the oil from the DP-ST to the conventional ST in the offshore waters. Several alternatives were proposed, considering stationary tandem configuration, ship-to-ship or tandem with advance speed. This paper is focused on the stationary tandem configurations, considering the aid of offshore tugboats and/or monobuoys. The alternatives comprehend the conventional ST connected to the DP-ST or vice-versa, with the position being held by the DP system, a tugboat or a monobuoy. The numerical time-domain simulations were used for predicting the safety under typical environmental conditions, with crossed-bimodal sea states and sudden wave-wind changes. The relative motions of the vessels, hawser force, DP or tugboat utilization and loads on the vessels mooring equipment were verified in order to define the limiting environmental window for a safe operation, for each one of the alternatives. This comparative analysis was used to support the decision about this topic, since the advantages and problems of each solution could be identified.

DECREASE OF CAPITAL EXPENSES FOR ROAD CLOTHES OF TRANSITION TYPE ON OIL FIELDS PJSC «GAZPROM NEFT» DUE TO USING GRAVELLY SAND MIXES

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
A.S. Rudenko ◽  
R.E. Dolgodvorov ◽  
S.A. Smirnov ◽  
A.P. Smirnov ◽  
A.N. Korkishko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Transition Type

Article gives a comparative analysis of using road clothes made of graded breakstone and gravelly sand mixes (GSM) for autonomous oil fields located in the northern territories of the Russian Federation. Positive and negative characteristics of inert material delivered to the field are noted. There have been made calculations based on regulatory acts for road clothes of transition type with following analysis of their cost. The technology of making GSM on objects is also described. This technology includes preparation of a mixture on a separate pad directly on construction object. The possibility of including sand located nearly the construction object into the mixture is analyzed. Major advantages of using GSM during construction of roads using practical experience are reviewed. The condition of the cover during the operation period is shown.

scholarly journals Megasource time-domain electromagnetic sounding at Poggi del Sasso - Cinigiano (GR)

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5 Sup.) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Keller ◽  
P. Cantini ◽  
R. Carrara ◽  
O. Faggioni ◽  
E. Pinna
Keyword(s):  
Depth Profile ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dipole Source ◽  
Electromagnetic Noise ◽  
Electromagnetic Sounding ◽  
Piecewise Constant ◽  
Time Domain Electromagnetic ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Single Set

An experiment was carried out in the vicinity of the “I Terzi” area in Southeastern Tuscany (fig. 1) to evaluate the applicability of the Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) sounding method under the geological and environmental conditions prevailing in that area. An electromagnetic source was established using a motor-generator set and heavy cable. Measurements were attempted at four sites. Numerous samples of electromagnetic noise were recorded at each of these sites. At one site, signals transmitted for a grounded dipole source at 1.6 km distance were also recorded with the noise. The single set of observations has been processed and inverted to yield a six-layer piecewise constant resistivity depth-profile to a depth of about 2 km. The primary achievement of the experiment was demonstration of the praeticability of TDEM methods under the conditions prevailing in the site.

De kracht van de definitie : een vergelijking van quotawetten in Argentinië, België en Frankrijk

Res Publica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-100
Author(s):  
Petra Meier
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
System A ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Gender Quota ◽  
French Gender

Gender quota do not always go hand in hand with a considerable rise in the number of women elected. Although the number of fe/male representatives elected depends on several factors, we argue that the stipulations of gender quota acts influence to a large extent their impact on the sex ratios in politics. This is not so much due to the share of fe/male candidates parties have to present than to the extent to which a gender quota act anticipates the particularities of the electoral system. A comparative analysis of three prominent cases, the Argentinean, Belgian and French gender quota acts, shows that the more a gender quota rule targets at the specificities of the electoral system in order to promote a gender balance in political representation, the more this rule 'guarantees' a result, even though gender quota acts concern but the input side of the electoral process.

The Satiation of Natural Curiosity

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Schoeller
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
The Core ◽  
System A

At the core of this essay is the idea that cognition is best described as a highly developed homeostatic device aiming to maintain a dynamic equilibrium between internal representations and changes in environmental conditions. The author emphasizes the fundamental role played by aesthetics in facilitating an accurate description of the human mind and introduce basic elements of a theory accounting for the influence of art on the cognitive system. A general bibliography is provided for the reader unfamiliar with the notions and desirous to pursue the analysis further.

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