The Use of Flexible Pipe for CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Taravel-Condat ◽  
T. Epsztein
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The use of CO2 rich gas mixtures as injection fluid is nowadays considered in order to enhance the oil recovery process. Flexible pipes, which have been used to transport oil and gas in offshore applications for more than 35 years, are attractive products for the transportations of such fluids. The CO2 content encountered for these applications can be higher than 90%. This value being superior to what is found in standard applications (<15%), and CO2 being known to behave as a supercritical fluid as soon as the temperature and the pressure are higher than 31.1°C, 72.8 atm, the compatibility of the pipe materials with the CO2 rich gas mixture had to be verified. This paper will present the qualification work carried out so far on several thermoplastic materials used for flexible pipe pressure sheathes and stainless steel carcasses. This qualification work covers application as high as 90°C/600bar/100%CO2. The formation of blisters (blistering) is known as a possible degradation mode of thermoplastic materials when subjected to rapid gas decompression. This phenomenon is directly linked to the fluid solubility in the polymer. Different materials have been tested for their ability to withstand rapid gas decompression in CO2 rich gas mixtures. Long time exposure tests have been carried out. The objectives of these tests were to check the impact of CO2 on the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the polymer grades. A special attention has been brought to the plasticizer effect of CO2. The impact of supercritical CO2 on the hydrolysis degradation mode has also been assessed. Finally, CO2 being a small molecule, it will permeate through the pressure sheath to reach the annulus. The metallic layers which are constitutive of this annulus are potentially sensitive to corrosion phenomenon in acidic conditions. A good knowledge of the permeation properties of the polymer materials when subjected to high pressure CO2 is necessary in order to assess the severity of this annulus and to select the appropriate steel grade. The results of such tests will also be presented.

Modeling to support physicochemical enhancement techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Т. A. Pospelova
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Modeling ◽  
Comparative Structure ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses ways to increase the oil recovery factor in already developed fields, special attention is paid to the methods of enhanced oil recovery. The comparative structure of oil production in Russia in the medium term is given. The experience of oil and gas companies in the application of enhanced oil recovery in the fields is analyzed and the dynamics of the growth in the use of various enhanced oil recovery in Russia is estimated. With an increase in the number of operations in the fields, the requirements for the selection of candidates inevitably increase, therefore, the work focuses on hydrodynamic modeling of physical and chemical modeling, highlights the features and disadvantages of existing simulators. The main dependences for adequate modeling during polymer flooding are given. The calculation with different concentration of polymer solution is presented, which significantly affects the water cut and further reduction of operating costs for the preparation of the produced fluid. The possibility of creating a specialized hydrodynamic simulator for low-volume chemical enhanced oil recovery is considered, since mainly simulators are applicable for chemical waterflooding and the impact is on the formation as a whole.

HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESERVOIR WATERS OF THE CASPIAN SEA DEPOSITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
NABIEVA VICTORIA V. ◽  
◽  
SEREBRYAKOV ANDREY O. ◽  
SEREBRYAKOV OLEG I. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics

Hydrogeological conditions of reservoir waters of oil and gas fields in the northern water area of the Caspian Sea characterize the geological features of the structure of the Northern Caspian shelf, as well as the thermodynamic parameters of the exploitation of productive deposits, production and transportation of oil and gas. Reservoir waters contain water-soluble gases. According to the size of mineralization, the ratio of the main components of the salt composition, as well as the presence of iodine and bromine, reservoir waters can be attributed to a relatively "young" genetic age, subject to secondary geochemical processes of changing the salt composition in interaction with "secondary" migrated hydrocarbons. The physical and chemical properties of reservoir waters are determined by PVT analysis technologies. Hydrogeological and geochemical studies of compatibility with reservoir waters of marine waters injected to maintain reservoir pressures (PPD) during the development of offshore fields in order to increase the oil recovery coefficient (KIN) indicate the absence of colmating secondary sedimentation in mixtures of natural and man-made waters.

scholarly journals Chemical Sand Consolidation: From Polymers to Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahd Saeed Alakbari ◽  
Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn ◽  
Ali Samer Muhsan ◽  
Nurul Hasan ◽  
Tarek Ganat
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Rock Permeability ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chemical Material ◽  
Chemical Materials

The chemical sand consolidation methods involve pumping of chemical materials, like furan resin and silicate non-polymer materials into unconsolidated sandstone formations, in order to minimize sand production with the fluids produced from the hydrocarbon reservoirs. The injected chemical material, predominantly polymer, bonds sand grains together, lead to higher compressive strength of the rock. Hence, less amounts of sand particles are entrained in the produced fluids. However, the effect of this bonding may impose a negative impact on the formation productivity due to the reduction in rock permeability. Therefore, it is always essential to select a chemical material that can provide the highest possible compressive strength with minimum permeability reduction. This review article discusses the chemical materials used for sand consolidation and presents an in-depth evaluation between these materials to serve as a screening tool that can assist in the selection of chemical sand consolidation material, which in turn, helps optimize the sand control performance. The review paper also highlights the progressive improvement in chemical sand consolidation methods, from using different types of polymers to nanoparticles utilization, as well as track the impact of the improvement in sand consolidation efficiency and production performance. Based on this review, the nanoparticle-related martials are highly recommended to be applied as sand consolidation agents, due to their ability to generate acceptable rock strength with insignificant reduction in rock permeability.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF IMPACT RESISTANT POLYMER COMPOSITION ABS/PC FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
I. Yagrushkina ◽  
M. Dyul'dina ◽  
A. Nogachev ◽  
K. Yakunin
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymer Composite Material ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Polymer and composite materials are becoming more and more widely used in the Russian automotive industry. The Russian market of polymer materials for automotive components is characterized by an insufficiently developed production of some types of such materials. And, as a result, the use of imported materials. Styrene plastics are one of the innovative materials for the automotive industry. Using them in a car makes the product more attractive to customers. The use of this type of plastics allows to create a new look for the car. This applies to both the interior and exterior. The aim of this work is to develop the composition of a polymer composition based on ABS plastic from domestic raw materials. In addition, the new mixed composition should replace imported mixed compositions or contain a minimum amount of imported components of the composition, which will significantly reduce the cost of products and accordingly the car. The article analyzes the polymer materials used in the automotive industry. The disadvantages of using these materials in their pure form are revealed. The selection of the components of the composition of the impact-resistant material with the development of its formulation has been made. The composition of an impact-resistant polymer composition based on ABS plastic and PC has been developed, which is not inferior in terms of the complex of properties to the imported material. The influence of the composition of ABS-plastic, various grades of polycarbonate, their ratio in the polymer composite material on the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the obtained composition has been investigated. It is shown that the best set of properties is possessed by a material based on 2020-30 ABS-plastic and PC-3S polycarbonate with a component ratio of 70%:30%.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Using Sea-Water for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate and Sandstone Reservoirs: Effects of Temperature and Aging Time on Oil Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Madi Abdullah Naser ◽  
Mohamed Erhayem ◽  
Ali Hegaig ◽  
Hesham Jaber Abdullah ◽  
Muammer Younis Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aging Time ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Spontaneous Imbibition ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Oil recovery process is an essential element in the oil industry, in this study, a laboratory study to investigate the effect of temperature and aging time on oil recovery and understand some of the mechanisms of seawater in the injection process. In order to do that, the sandstone and carbonate cores were placed in the oven in brine to simulate realistic reservoir conditions. Then, they were aged in crude oil in the oven. After that, they were put in the seawater to recover, and this test is called a spontaneous imbibition test. The spontaneous imbibition test in this study was performed at room temperature to oven temperature 80 oC with different sandstone and carbonate rock with aging time of 1126 hours. The result shows that the impact of seawater on oil recovery in sandstone is higher than carbonate. At higher temperature, the oil recovery is more moderate than low temperature. Likewise, as the aging time increase for both sandstone and carbonate rocks the oil recovery increase. 

Will Carbon Dioxide Injection in Shale Reservoirs Produce from the Shale Matrix, Natural Fractures, or Hydraulic Fractures?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Fakher ◽  
Youssef Elgahawy ◽  
Hesham Abdelaal ◽  
Abdulmohsin Imqam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fractured Reservoirs ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Hydraulic Fractures ◽  
Natural Fractures ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Shale Reservoirs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in shale reservoirs has been recently shown to increase oil recovery significantly from this unconventional oil and gas source. One of the most studied EOR methods in shale reservoirs is gas injection, with a focus on carbon Dioxide (CO2) mainly due to the ability to both enhance oil recovery and store the CO2 in the formation. Even though several shale plays have reported an increase in oil recovery using CO2 injection, in some cases this method failed severely. This research attempts to investigate the ability of the CO2 to mobilize crude oil from the three most prominent features in the shale reservoirs, including shale matrix, natural fractures, and hydraulically induced fracture. Shale cores with dimensions of 1 inch in diameter and approximately 1.5 inch in length were used in all experiments. The impact of CO2 soaking time and soaking pressure on the oil recovery were studied. The cores were analyzed to understand how and where the CO2 flowed inside the cores and which prominent feature resulted in the increase in oil recovery. Also, a pre-fractured core was used to run an experiment in order to understand the oil recovery potential from fractured reservoirs. Results showed that oil recovery occurred from the shale matrix, stimulation of natural fractures by the CO2, and from the hydraulic fractures with a large volume coming from the stimulated natural fractures. By understanding where the CO2 will most likely be most productive, proper design of the CO2 EOR in shale can be done in order to maximize recovery and avoid complications during injection and production which may lead to severe operational problems.

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation the Optimum of Salinity and Ph of Sea-Water to Improve Oil Recovery from Sandstone Reservoir as A Secondary Recovery Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Madi Abdullah Naser ◽  
Mohammed A Samba ◽  
Yiqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Core Flooding ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Seawater Salinity ◽  
Secondary Recovery ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Laboratory tests and field applications shows that the salinity of water flooding could lead to significant reduction of residual oil saturation. There has been a growing interest with an increasing number of low-salinity water flooding studies. However, there are few quantitative studies on seawater composition change and it impact on increasing or improving oil recovery.  This study was conducted to investigate only two parameters of the seawater (Salinity and pH) to check their impact on oil recovery, and what is the optimum amount of salinity and ph that we can use to get the maximum oil recovery.  Several core flooding experiments were conducted using sandstone by inject seawater (high, low salinity and different pH). The results of this study has been shown that the oil recovery increases as the injected water salinity down to 6500 ppm and when the pH is around 7. This increase has been found to be supported by an increase in the permeability. We also noticed that the impact of ph on oil recovery is low when the pH is less than 7.

scholarly journals Screening and assessing the conditions for effective oil recovery enhancing techniques application for hard to recover high-water cut reserves

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
V. V. Mukhametshin ◽  
◽  
R. N. Bakhtizin ◽  
L. S. Kuleshova ◽  
A. P. Stabinskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Water ◽  
Recovery Techniques ◽  
High Water Cut ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Criterion Analysis

For the conditions of deposits in Jurassic and Paleozoic terrigenous reservoirs of the Sherkalinsky trough and Shaimsky swell of Western Siberia, a criterion analysis and screening of enhanced oil recovery techniques used in the fields of the West Siberian oil and gas province were carried out. For various groups of oil fields, a set of the most effective technologies for the development of residual hard-to-recover reserves of flooded fields has been proposed. The areas for effective application of the selected techniques for deposits introduced into development within the considered tectonic-stratigraphic elements are determined. The areas determination was carried out on the basis of 19 parameters characterizing the geological-physical and physical-chemical properties of formations and fluids, as well as the maximum and minimum values of the canonical discriminant functions determined by the situational map. Based on the numerical modeling of oil recovery processes, a forecast of an increase in the final oil recovery factor was made for five facilities-field test sites of the selected groups of facilities. Keywords: hard-to-recover reserves; terrigenous reservoirs; factor analysis; enhanced oil recovery techniques; numerical modeling; criterion analysis.

Innovations in Carbon (iv) Oxide Capture and Sequestration for Operations, Engineering and Technology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simiyu E. Lilian ◽  
Sandra Konez
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Reduce Emissions

ABSTRACT Fossil fuel combustion supplies more than 85% of energy for industrial activities and thus it is the main source of greenhouse gases in the form of CO2. This is expected to remain unchanged for a long time as the world energy consumption doubles. Renewable energy is often a better option since it is environmental friendly but its technologies are not financially available for most countries. Carbon (iv)oxide capture and sequestration (CCS) is necessary for meaningful greenhouse gases reduction in the immediate future. CCS could reduce emissions by 19%. This is an important bridge between our lifestyle and an environmental friendly world. The components of CCS system include; capture (separation and compression), transport, injection and finally monitoring. Power plants which are gas and coal fired are the main source of CO2. Other candidate sources include; cement production plants, refineries, petrochemical industries, oil and gas processing firms and natural gas wells The methods of capturing CO2 are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-combustion/oxy-fuel. Possible sequestration places for the captured CO2 include; geological storage, for example depleted oil and gas reservoir, enhanced oil recovery, un-minable coal seams and deep saline formations, ocean storage, mineral carbonation and algal growth. Each of the methods above have their advantages and shortcomings as discussed in the research paper. CO2 can be utilized in various ways like, conversion into renewable fuels, formic acid, syngas, methane and methanol, utilizing CO2 as a feedstock for organic and inorganic carbonates, urea and biodegradable polymers as well as non-conversion use of CO2 for example as a geothermal fluid, used in enhanced oil recovery and beverage making. The challenges of CCS are; high cost of capture transport and injection, environmental and safety, subsurface uncertainty, legal and regulatory issues. Trappings contribute to storage of CO2 in a site. They include; Structural and stratigraphic, residual, solubility, mineral trappings. In conclusion, an approach that integrates different methods of capture and storage of CO2 may be a practical solution for CCS.

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