Explosion Safety Drivers for Arctic Platform Designs

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joar Dalheim ◽  
Sverre Nodland ◽  
Jan Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Safety Issue ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Explosion Safety ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Explosion Risk

The unique and harsh environment of the arctic region requires specialized process area designs and safety solutions. One main process safety issue in the arctic is the need for more enclosed modules. Enclosed modules are used for two reasons; to prevent ice and snow to expose the process equipment; and to prevent the cold climate to impose an unduly harsh working environment for operators. The enclosed mechanically ventilated process modules are different from the open naturally ventilated process modules that are normally used in offshore facilities. The explosion safety performance of the non-standard mechanically ventilated process modules has therefore been studied in detail through several extensive programs of CFD simulations; see [1], [2] and [3]. It is seen that confined and mechanically ventilated modules has explosion risk drivers that are distinctly different from open and naturally ventilated modules. The following is seen to have significant impact on the explosion risk levels on confined process modules; the module size; the HVAC philosophy; the ignition source isolation efficiency; and the use of pressure release panels. These factors, and their impact on the explosion risk, are discussed in this paper. The presented conclusions are of high importance in future developments in arctic climate.

Improved Structural Integrity for Arctic Designs by Ignition Isolation Control

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joar Dalheim ◽  
Sverre Nodland ◽  
Jan Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Ignition Source ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Extensive Program

The harsh environment of the arctic requires specialized safety solutions. One main safety issue in the arctic is the need for more enclosed modules. Enclosed modules are used for two reasons; to prevent ice and snow to expose the process equipment; and to prevent the cold climate to impose an unduly harsh working environment for operators. The enclosed mechanically ventilated process modules are different from the open naturally ventilated process modules that are normally used in offshore facilities. The explosion safety performance of the non-standard mechanically ventilated process modules has therefore been studied in detail through an extensive program of CFD simulations. It is seen that mechanically ventilated modules has explosion risk drivers that are distinctly different from risk drivers in naturally ventilated modules. It is seen that the ignition source isolation efficiency is significantly more important for confined modules than for standard naturally ventilated modules. The explosion design loads are therefore strongly depending on the ignition source isolation efficiency. Isolation control, and its impact on the explosion design loads, is discussed in this paper. The presented conclusions are of high importance in future developments in arctic climate.

Sea spray icing: The physical process, and review of prediction models and winterization techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Sujay Deshpande ◽  
Ane Sæterdal ◽  
Per-Arne Sundsbø
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Ice Accretion ◽  
Sea Wind ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Ice accretion on marine vessels and offshore structures is a severe hazard in the Polar Regions. There is increasing activities related to oil and gas exploration, tourism, cargo transport, and fishing in the Arctic. Ice accretion can cause vessel instability, excess load on marine structures and represents a safety risk for outdoor working environment and operations. Freezing sea spray is the main contributor to marine icing. For safe operations in cold climate, it is essential to have verified models for prediction of icing. Sea spray icing forecast models have improved. Empirical and theoretical models providing icing rates based may be useful as guidelines. For predicting the distribution of icing on a surface at the design stage, Computational Fluid Dynamics has to be applied along with a freezing module. State-of-the-art models for numerical simulation of sea spray icing are still not fully capable of modelling complex ship-sea-wind interactions with spray generation and impact of shipped water. Existing models include good understanding of spray flow effects and freezing. Further development should focus on developing models for dynamic ship-sea-wind interactions, in particular including spray generation, effects of shipped water and distribution of icing on the vessel surface. More experimental and full-scale data is needed for development and verification of new and improved models. Models that estimate ice distribution may improve the winterization design process and reduce effort required for de-icing. Improved methods for de-icing and anti-icing will reduce the impact of sea spray icing and increase safety for marine operations in cold waters.

scholarly journals Problems Of Operation Of Elastomer Materials In The Arctic Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
N.N. Petrova ◽  
V.V. Portnyagina ◽  
V.V. Mukhin ◽  
E.S. Kyzmina
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Stable Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
The Arctic Region

<p>The operability of frost-resistant industrial sealing rubbers on the basis of full-scale exposure of rubber samples in the environment of oil in cold climate has been investigated. It is found that interaction of rubbers with oil media (fuel, lubricants) causes diffusion of a plasticizer from the elastomer material into the contacting medium and decrease of frost resistance coefficient. Choosing the material for production of different seals for the conditions of the North one must use rubbers with significant temperature range of operation, for example propylen-oxide elastomer, which is highly frost resistant  and has a stable set of operational properties.</p>

Calculation of Time-to-Freeze for Liquids in Pipes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarte O. Kvamme ◽  
Jino Peechanatt ◽  
Ove T. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Polar Code

In recent years, there has been unprecedented interest shown in the Arctic region by the industry, as it has become increasingly accessible for oil and gas exploration, shipping, and tourism. The decrease in ice extent in the Arctic has renewed the interest in the Northern Sea route, necessitating further research to evaluate the adequacy of the equipment and appliances used on vessels traversing in polar waters. In the oil and gas industry, exploration and production vessels and platforms are highly dependent on the piping facilities for rendering their intended function, and therefore, flow assurance is extremely crucial. If the winterization of pipes is not done properly, this could lead to massive cost overruns due to unplanned production shutdowns or even worse, accidents. A temperature drop between the different areas of the production facilities will change the thermodynamic properties of the fluids, and could cause the processing of the crude oil to become inefficient. The introduction of the Polar Code by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) attempts to mitigate some of the risks endangering the vessels in polar waters. The Polar Code is scheduled to take effect on 01.01.2017, and applies to all vessels traversing in polar waters. The Polar Code requires that all machinery installations and associated equipment required for the safe operation of ships shall be protected against the effect of freezing and increased viscosity of liquids, and that working liquids shall be maintained in a viscosity range that ensures the operation of the machinery. To account for this, the heat loss of pipes carrying liquid (water for fire extinguishing and hydraulic fluid amongst others) needs to be estimated and mitigating measures must be taken. In this study, methodology from the refrigeration industry is applied to calculate the estimated time to freeze for liquids in pipes. The methodology is adapted for use in the maritime industry, and results are presented in this study. The methodology used was found to be quite flexible, allowing for the calculation of complex scenarios and shapes, including the effect of varying degrees of insulation on pipes, and can easily be applied for approximating the best suitable method of insulating pipes to ensure flow assurance and maintain fluid properties at desired levels. Tables estimating the time-to-freeze for insulated pipes of different diameters and insulation thicknesses exposed to cross-winds of varying speeds are provided. The methodology is found to have great potential, and should be investigated further with experiments. The objective of the paper is thus to introduce the methodology for cold-climate engineering and use it for practical analysis of realistic estimates of insulated and non-insulated piping.

STORM ICE OIL WIND WAVE WATCH SYSTEM (SIOWS): WEB GIS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING THE ARCTIC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Ekaterina Balashova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Current State ◽  
Watch System

Working with satellite data, has long been an issue for users which has often prevented from a wider use of these data because of Volume, Access, Format and Data Combination. The purpose of the Storm Ice Oil Wind Wave Watch System (SIOWS) developed at Satellite Oceanography Laboratory (SOLab) is to solve the main issues encountered with satellite data and to provide users with a fast and flexible tool to select and extract data within massive archives that match exactly its needs or interest improving the efficiency of the monitoring system of geophysical conditions in the Arctic. SIOWS - is a Web GIS, designed to display various satellite, model and in situ data, it uses developed at SOLab storing, processing and visualization technologies for operational and archived data. It allows synergistic analysis of both historical data and monitoring of the current state and dynamics of the "ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere" system in the Arctic region, as well as Arctic system forecasting based on thermodynamic models with satellite data assimilation.

Prévoir les variations saisonnières de la glace de mer arctique et leurs impacts sur le climat

2020 ◽  
pp. 024
Author(s):  
Rym Msadek ◽  
Gilles Garric ◽  
Sara Fleury ◽  
Florent Garnier ◽  
Lauriane Batté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Recent Effort ◽  
Sea Ice Thickness ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Upper Level

L'Arctique est la région du globe qui s'est réchauffée le plus vite au cours des trente dernières années, avec une augmentation de la température de surface environ deux fois plus rapide que pour la moyenne globale. Le déclin de la banquise arctique observé depuis le début de l'ère satellitaire et attribué principalement à l'augmentation de la concentration des gaz à effet de serre aurait joué un rôle important dans cette amplification des températures au pôle. Cette fonte importante des glaces arctiques, qui devrait s'accélérer dans les décennies à venir, pourrait modifier les vents en haute altitude et potentiellement avoir un impact sur le climat des moyennes latitudes. L'étendue de la banquise arctique varie considérablement d'une saison à l'autre, d'une année à l'autre, d'une décennie à l'autre. Améliorer notre capacité à prévoir ces variations nécessite de comprendre, observer et modéliser les interactions entre la banquise et les autres composantes du système Terre, telles que l'océan, l'atmosphère ou la biosphère, à différentes échelles de temps. La réalisation de prévisions saisonnières de la banquise arctique est très récente comparée aux prévisions du temps ou aux prévisions saisonnières de paramètres météorologiques (température, précipitation). Les résultats ayant émergé au cours des dix dernières années mettent en évidence l'importance des observations de l'épaisseur de la glace de mer pour prévoir l'évolution de la banquise estivale plusieurs mois à l'avance. Surface temperatures over the Arctic region have been increasing twice as fast as global mean temperatures, a phenomenon known as arctic amplification. One main contributor to this polar warming is the large decline of Arctic sea ice observed since the beginning of satellite observations, which has been attributed to the increase of greenhouse gases. The acceleration of Arctic sea ice loss that is projected for the coming decades could modify the upper level atmospheric circulation yielding climate impacts up to the mid-latitudes. There is considerable variability in the spatial extent of ice cover on seasonal, interannual and decadal time scales. Better understanding, observing and modelling the interactions between sea ice and the other components of the climate system is key for improved predictions of Arctic sea ice in the future. Running operational-like seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice is a quite recent effort compared to weather predictions or seasonal predictions of atmospheric fields like temperature or precipitation. Recent results stress the importance of sea ice thickness observations to improve seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice conditions during summer.

Nuclear icebreaker fleet and power supply on the basis of floating power units

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
V. A. Tupchienko ◽  
H. G. Imanova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article deals with the problem of the development of the domestic nuclear icebreaker fleet in the context of the implementation of nuclear logistics in the Arctic. The paper analyzes the key achievements of the Russian nuclear industry, highlights the key areas of development of the nuclear sector in the Far North, and identifies aspects of the development of mechanisms to ensure access to energy on the basis of floating nuclear power units. It is found that Russia is currently a leader in the implementation of the nuclear aspect of foreign policy and in providing energy to the Arctic region.

Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol in the Arctic Region and Adjoining Seas along the Routes of Marine Expeditions in 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
L. P. Golobokova ◽  
T. V. Khodzher ◽  
O. N. Izosimova ◽  
P. N. Zenkova ◽  
A. O. Pochyufarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Region

Estimating Friction Reduction ForCasing Operations in High-Angle Wells in The Arctic Region - A Russia Case History

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimerebere Onyekwere Nkwocha ◽  
Evgeny Glebov ◽  
Alexey Zhludov ◽  
Sergey Galantsev ◽  
David Kay
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Angle ◽  
The Arctic Region
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