The Span Mitigation Analysis With Use of Advanced FEA Modeling Techniques

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wang ◽  
Ranil Banneyake ◽  
Shawn Huang ◽  
Paul Jukes ◽  
Ayman Eltaher
Keyword(s):  
Element Analysis ◽  
Upheaval Buckling ◽  
Fea Modeling ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Static And Dynamic Loads ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mitigation Methods ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cost Factors

Spans occur when a pipeline is laid on a rough undulating seabed or when upheaval buckling occurs due to constrained thermal expansion. This not only results in static and dynamic loads on the flowline at the span section, but also generates vortex induce vibration (VIV) which can lead a fatigue issue. The phenomenon, if not predicted and control properly, will result in significant damage to the pipeline integrity, leading to expensive remediation and intervention works. There are various span mitigation methods in use for both over stressing and fatigue concerns. The mitigation methods, if not analyzed properly, may result in much unnecessary work or generate more problems or concerns in the future. The mitigation analysis can become very challenging due to many restrictions in the field such as the minimum and maximum heights or lift of mechanical supports or grout bags, and bearing capacity vs. cost of supports. The cost of different mitigation methods and their interactions are the other considerations along with the installation tolerances, challenges associated with the water depth and uncertainties in seabed properties. This paper describes the latest developments in use of finite element analysis to investigate associate mitigation solutions given the governing practical limitations and cost factors. The ULS and fatigue lift criteria are used as the guidelines. The methods presented within this paper are applicable for various span conditions. Conclusions are then drawn to the impact of these various scenarios so that the pipeline integrity can be assured with confidence.

Voluntary Demand for Internal and External Auditing by Family Businesses

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (s-1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Carey ◽  
Roger Simnett ◽  
George Tanewski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Audit ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
External Audit ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates voluntary demand for auditing by family businesses, a significant but relatively unexplored segment of the economy. The paper considers demand for both internal and external auditing by using survey data to investigate the impact of firm characteristics linked to the cost vs. benefit of engaging an auditor. Variables examined are firm size, debt, and two agency proxies that measure separation of ownership and control, namely, the proportion of nonfamily management in the firm, and the proportion of nonfamily representation on the board of directors. The paper also considers the association between internal and external auditing. Descriptive results on voluntary demand for auditing by 186 family businesses revealed that internal audit was more prevalent than external audit, and outsourcing was a common method for providing internal audit. Results from logistic regression analyses provide support for the hypothesized impact of the two agency proxies and firm debt on demand for external audit, but do not explain the demand for internal audit. For firms that voluntarily engaged an auditor (internal and/or external audit), the negative and significant correlation between internal and external audit suggest that in the family business environment they are more commonly viewed as substitute rather than complementary responses.

scholarly journals ARTHROSCOPY OF THE KNEE

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1587-1592
Author(s):  
Moghees Ikram Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Operation Analysis ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Generator Function

Introduction: Arthroscopy has a significant efficacy amongst patients, butis dependent on the anasthesia used. This is particularly important, as research on kneearthroscopy has established importance on anasthesia, particularly the type and number used.Study Research Objective: This study conducted over a period of 2 years, included all patientsundergoing knee arthroscopy, irrespective of age, gender and underlying conditions (whethertraumatic, degenerative, infective or inflammatory). In this study the Impact of postoperativepain management on patient recovery was evaluated. There is evidence that the knee joint hasmorphine receptors, thus nalbuphin was used. Study Design: Randomized Case Control Study.Setting: Department of KRL Hospital. Period: Jan 2014 to Dec 2015. Methodology: Randomizationwas done through the random number generator function provided by Open EPI Ver. 3.01.The random numbers generated were compared with serial numbers assigned to patientsthrough consent forms and then assigned to the three groups accordingly (Control, Lignocaine,Lignocaine + Nalbucin). Out of 117 patients 6 patients were given general anesthesia and 111were given spinal anesthesia. Arthroscopy was done under tourniquet control. To measure painthresholds, a visual analogue scale from 1 to 9 was used and then made into three groups:mild (1-3), moderate (4-6) and severe (7-9). Patient Mobilization was measured 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,14, and 16 hours post operation. Analysis was done using OpenEPI Ver. 3.01 and MicrosoftExcel 2013 separately for both Lignocaine and Lignocaine + Nalbuphin. A systematic literaturereview was done to compare the results found in this study with those found in this study. Forthis purpose, the following string was used in Google Scholar and Pubmed: “Arthroscopy”AND “TB” AND “Synovial Biopsy” and “Postoperative Pain Management” AND “Arthroscopy”AND “Knee Joint”. Results: Interventions of Lignocaine and Lignocaine + Nalbucin were moreeffective than control. Lignocaine + Nalbucin combined showed higher chances of mobilitywhen compared to Lignocaine and control. Systematic Literature Review also provided similarresults. Conclusion: If this procedure is performed with the correct expertise and the patientgiven intra articular lignocaine and Nalbuphin, the patients show early and good recovery andtherefore they can be discharged the same day thus reducing the cost on the patient as wellas the hospital.

Finite element analysis of lidded flip-chip packages: A study on the impact of thermal interface material compressibility and stress-free conditions on modeling predictions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 000151-000156
Author(s):  
Tuhin Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Flip Chip ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Thermal Interface Material ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Strong Function ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Fea Modeling ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we present the effects of assumptions made about the constitutive behavior of a cured, silicone gel type thermal interface material (TIM) and the package stress-free conditions on FEA modeling predictions. The focus will be on the deformations (or warpage) predicted by the models for lidded flip-chip packages. It is critical for such warpage predictions to be close to experimental measurements for accurate projection of mechanical stresses and strains in a package. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) warpage measurements on flip-chip modules are compared against the predicted values and the impact of above-mentioned assumptions will be discussed. It will be shown that the TIM mechanical and thereby, thermal degradation is a strong function of the TIM compressibility and stress-free condition assumptions. Bounds of non-linear elastic modeling technique for the TIM and guidelines for conducting numerical analysis for lidded flip-chip packages will be provided.

Capturing the Financial Impact of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3127-3127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A. Smythe ◽  
John M. Koerber ◽  
Joan C. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Control Patient ◽  
Hospital Cost ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Case Patient ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Data evaluating the financial impact of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) (a severe adverse drug reaction which can result in life threatening thrombosis) is lacking. The goal of this case-control study was to evaluate the financial impact of HIT. Case patients were those with a new diagnosis of HIT from April 2003 to March 2004 for whom matched controls were available. Controls for each case patient were matched for the DRG under which the hospital was reimbursed, the patient’s primary diagnosis code and their primary procedure code. Case patients required identification of >1 control for inclusion. The hospital’s financial database was queried for length of stay (LOS), total cost, and reimbursement. For each case patient, the cost and reimbursement were compared to the cost and reimbursement for each group of matched controls. In an effort to eliminate the impact of variable reimbursement, a subset of only Medicare case and control patients was also evaluated. Of 72 new HIT patients, matched controls were identified for 31. The mean LOS for the case and control patients was 22.8 and 11.6 days respectively (p=0.006). The mean hospital cost of case and control patients was $55,440 and $26,505 respectively. From reimbursement minus cost calculations, our institution lost an average of $13,429 per HIT patient compared to an average of $393 per control patient (p=0.005). The mean LOS for Medicare cases (n=21) and matched Medicare controls was 26 and 14.6 days respectively (p=0.041). The mean hospital cost of Medicare case and control patients was $58,842 and $30,210 respectively. From reimbursement minus cost calculations for the Medicare subset, our institution lost an average of $20,229 per HIT case compared to $1844 per control patient (p<0.0001). Assuming 72 new cases of HIT per year, our institution incurs a projected annual financial loss of $980,000 from HIT. The use of alternate anticoagulants, although having a higher acquisition cost, may offset this loss through HIT avoidance.

scholarly journals Do family firms pay less for external funding?

2021 ◽  
pp. 031289622110182
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jahangir Ali ◽  
Seema Miglani ◽  
Man Dang ◽  
Premkanth Puwanenthiren ◽  
Mazur Mieszko
Keyword(s):  
Family Involvement ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Family Control ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Family Enterprises ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of family control on the cost of raising external funds by family enterprises. Using a sample of Australian publicly listed firms, we find a significantly negative relation between cost of newly raised capital and family control. Moreover, we show that this relationship varies with the quality of corporate governance and the quality of firm’s information environment. Furthermore, we conduct several robustness checks and consistently find that our main results remain unchanged. Overall, our evidence suggests that family firms have easier access to external financing fostered by family involvement in the ownership and control. JEL Classification: G31; G32; M41; M42

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy for mastitis in cows with drugs of various pharmacological groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Nefedova
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Modern Technologies

With modern technologies of milk production, udder disease in cows is one of the most common. All forms of mastitis are classified as complex and unprofitable diseases that cause significant damage to the economy of dairy cattle breeding, which consists of premature culling of highly productive cows, milk during and after treatment with antibacterial drugs, the loss of highly productive offspring - calves, as well as the costs associated with diagnosis and treatment. The use of a drug containing argovit silver nanoparticles allows you to shorten the treatment period in the absence of damage from milk rejection after therapy. The study was conducted to study the cost-effectiveness of treatment of cow mastitis with drugs of various pharmacological groups. The animals were divided into experimental and control groups according to the principle of analogues. The experimental groups were treated with argovit in the form of a 10 % aqueous solution intracisternally, 10 ml, 1 time per day. The cows of the control groups were injected intracisternally with 5 g of the drug lactobai three times with an interval of 12 hours. The results of the research established a high economic effect of veterinary measures on 1 rub of costs for the treatment of subclinical, serous and catarrhal mastitis in cows with a drug containing argovit silver nanoparticles, which amounted to 5.4; 53.6 and 55.6 rubles, respectively.

scholarly journals Elements of project cost management

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
O.V. Olifer
Keyword(s):  
Cost Management ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Classic Approach ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cost Factors ◽  
Difficult Subject

The article identified and analyzed the cost factors in innovation projects on the optimization of the production structure in the forestry   enterprises. On this basis the model POV needs to consider the impact of cost and factors of the external and internal environment in which it is planned and implemented each project. In addition to these factors, the cost of the project is affected by other factors that are difficult subject to formal identification, but can affect both positively and negatively. However, to achieve project goals, it is possible only with the application of such well-known management approaches, as the classic approach, it combines such basic management functions as: planning, organization, implementation, control and guidance.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL STUDY OF OPTIMAL BUFFER SIZE AND VACATION LENGTH IN M/G/1/K QUEUES WITH MULTIPLE VACATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kilhwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Multiple Vacations ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Vacation Time ◽  
Holding Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cost Factors

Nowadays, due to the advent of clouding computing, buffer size can be readily extended in a couple of minutes for computing servers, where the buffer size should not be considered as given when optimizing the system performance. In this context, we explore optimal combinations for the buffer size and the length of vacation time in M/G/1/K queues with multiple vacations numerically. We consider the cases of deterministic and exponentially distributed vacation and service times. In order to do this, we also formulate an optimal problem and define cost factors: the customer loss cost, the buffer holding cost, and the server operating cost. We present some numerical examples to investigate the impact of the system parameters such as the buffer size, the length of the vacation time, and the distribution of the service time, to performance measures and the total cost. We also investigate optimal combinations for the buffer size and the vacation length for various values of the cost factors.

The Interaction Between Critical Chain Sequencing, Buffer Sizing, and Reactive Actions in a CC/BM Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejun Hu ◽  
Jianjiang Wang ◽  
Kaijun Leng
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Management ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Management Preferences ◽  
Cost Factors ◽  
Critical Chain

In the past decades, the critical chain scheduling and buffer management (CC/BM) methodology has gained widespread acceptance as an emerging project planning and control technique. This paper first presents six priority indices for selecting the optimal critical chain when more than one such chain is possible. Next, we examine four schedule generation schemes for rescheduling, along with two control actions (i.e., expediting work to shorten activity durations and adding emergency resources to bring forward activity start times) for repairing a critical chain schedule whenever activity delays cross the buffer threshold. The main results of our computational experiments include the non-negligible impact of different critical chain sequences on the project robustness measures, the appropriate level of feeding buffer sizes, and the trade-off between different reactive responses in relation to the cost factors or management preferences.

scholarly journals Poverty Reduction and Human Development: Impact of ENRICH Programme on Income Poverty in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31
Author(s):  
Farhana Nargis
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Poverty Lines ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiple Intervention

This article aims to analyse the impact of the ENRICH programme (a holistic microfinance programme with multiple intervention) in poverty alleviation. It is based on a survey of 1,800 households selected both in programme implemented and control areas. The cost of basic needs method was used in this study to calculate the poverty lines for the year 2015. This study shows that there has been a significant impact of the ENRICH programme on poverty. The programme has resulted in an additional 10 percentage point poverty reduction in the programme areas, besides contributing to a decrease in the number of extremely poor households over time. Moreover, it has contributed to social and community development with its participants feeling more respected and dignified than before.

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