FPSO Operations on Dynamic Positioning

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjen Tjallema ◽  
Hielke Brugts
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
South China ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Start Up

As of March 2010, Bluewater’s FPSO Munin has been operating on Dynamic Positioning (DP) in the South China Sea. The station keeping is performed by the vessel’s DP system only; no anchor leg mooring is used. Offloading from the FPSO is done to conventional (non-DP) shuttle tankers. See Fig. 1. This means that the DP system has to deal with a relatively large external force, and that the tandem has to respond appropriately to changing environmental conditions. To prepare for this operation, extensive FMEA proving trials have been performed prior to start-up of production. Furthermore a bridge simulation program has been conducted in which the offloading operations have been trained. From the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) proving trials, the offloading simulations and operational experience, a lot of knowledge has been gained on this specific DP operation. This knowledge is not only applicable to this single operation, but can also be used to enhance many other DP operations. This paper describes the Munin’s unique DP operations and the lessons learned from the FMEA proving trials, the offloading simulation program and operations in the field.

scholarly journals Factors conducive to joint development in Asia – lessons learned for the South China Sea

2013 ◽  
pp. 291-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Beckman ◽  
Clive Schofield ◽  
Ian Townsend-Gault ◽  
Tara Davenport ◽  
Leonardo Bernard
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
China Sea

scholarly journals A Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of plant metabolism reveals why cytosolic fumarase is required for temperature acclimation in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena A. Herrmann ◽  
Pablo I. Calzadilla ◽  
Jean-Marc Schwartz ◽  
Giles N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

SummaryPlants acclimate their photosynthetic capacity in response to changing environmental conditions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, photosynthetic acclimation to cold requires the accumulation of the organic acid fumarate, catalysed by a cytosolic fumarase FUM2, however the role of this is currently unclear.In this study, we use an integrated experimental and modelling approach to examine the role of FUM2 and fumarate across the physiological temperature range. Using physiological and biochemical analyses, we demonstrate that FUM2 is necessary for high as well as low temperature acclimation.To understand the role of FUM2 activity, we have adapted a reliability engineering technique, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), to formalize a rigorous approach for ranking metabolites according to the potential risk that they pose to the metabolic system. FMEA identifies fumarate as a low-risk metabolite. Its precursor, malate, is shown to be high-risk and liable to cause system instability. We conclude that the role of cytosolic fumarase, FUM2, is to provide a fail-safe, maintaining system stability under changing environmental conditions.We argue that FMEA is a technique which is not only useful in understanding plant metabolism, it can also be used to study reliability in other systems and aid the design of synthetic pathways.

Environmental Conditions In The South China Sea Offshore Malaysia: Hindcast Study Approach

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Brink Kjaer ◽  
A. Brink Kej ◽  
V. Brink Cardone ◽  
E. Brink Pushparatnam
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Study Approach

scholarly journals Struktur komunitas sumber daya ikan demersal berdasarkan kedalaman perairan di Laut Cina Selatan (WPP-NRI 711) [Community structure of demersal fish resources based on the depth of the waters in the South China Sea (Indonesia Fisheries Management Zone 711)]

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robet Perangin Angin ◽  
NFN Sulistiono ◽  
Rahmat Kurnia ◽  
Achmad Fahrudin ◽  
Ali Suman
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Fish Resources

Information on distribution and community structure of demersal fish resources are important to be known as an input to the management of demersal fisheries. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and distribution of demersal fish resources based on the differences in the depth of the waters and the linkages to the environment. Research conducted in the South China Sea in May to June 2015 by operating a trawl gear in the station preset. The method of analysis of demersal fish diversity use some ecological indices i.e Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Simpson dominance index. The ecological index value then associated with environmental conditions, using principal component analysis. Distribution of the ecological index indicated the stability of communities demersal fish resources getting better with the increase of depth. The most affected to the level of species richness and distribution of demersal fish were the parameters of depth, temperature and salinity, while the abundance distribution of fishes were associated with dissolved oxygen, and water transparency. The implication, that the water environmental conditions greatly affected the distribution and abundance of demersal fish. AbstrakInformasi mengenai persebaran dan struktur komunitas sumber daya ikan demersal penting sebagai bahan masukan untuk pengelolaan perikanan demersal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keanekaragaman dan persebaran sumber daya ikan demersal berdasarkan perbedaan kedalaman perairan, serta keterkaitannya dengan lingkungan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laut Cina Selatan pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2015 dengan mengoperasikan alat tangkap pukat ikan di stasiun yang telah ditetapkan. Metode analisis keanekaragaman hayati ikan demersal menggunakan beberapa indeks ekologi yaitu indeks kekayaan jenis Margalef, indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, indeks keseragaman Pielou, dan indeks dominansi Simpson. Nilai indeks ekologi tersebut kemudian dikaitkan dengan kondisi lingkungan, menggunakan analisis komponen utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kestabilan komunitas sumber daya ikan demersal semakin baik seiring dengan meningkatnya kedalaman. Kedalaman, suhu, dan salinitas merupakan parameter yang paling memengaruhi tingkat kekayaan jenis serta persebaran sumber daya ikan demersal, sedangkan persebaran kelimpahan ikan sangat terkait dengan oksigen terlarut dan kecerahan perairan. Implikasinya, kondisi lingkungan perairan sangat memengaruhi persebaran dan kelimpahan ikan demersal.

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