Safety Assessment of Cargo Containment Systems in LNG Carriers Under the Impact of Iceberg-Ship Collision

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Hoon-Kyu Oh ◽  
Doe-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Hull Structure ◽  
Vibratory Acceleration ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
Comparative Safety ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
The Impact

Arctic and sub-arctic regions of Russia are home to some of the large gas reservoirs, attracting numerous energy development projects. A ship-borne transportation system connecting these potential gas fields to gas terminals in Gulf of Mexico will likely be established. In this case, the integrity and safety of LNG cargo containment systems under impact of the iceberg-ship collision should be carefully considered at conceptual and detailed design phase. The collision impact by an undetected iceberg should be considered to be an accidental load. Thereby, plastic deformations of the hull structure may be accepted provided the LNG will not leak out. Till now, view points of the safety evaluation have been limited to structural hull deformations by the collision. They have not examined effects of vibratory acceleration induced by the impact on the structure of LNG containment systems, even though it seems rather rational in case of substructure such as LNG containment systems in independent type or membrane type LNG carriers. In this paper, the iceberg-ship collision scenario is established based on International Ice Patrol’s reports. The comparative safety assessment of cargo containment systems for independent type (spherical and SPB) and membrane type (Mark-III and NO96) LNG carriers is performed through a computational simulation and the related experimental research works.

Development of Methods for Temperature Calculation of LNG Carrier Hull

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Tae-Soon Choi ◽  
Tae-Hyun An ◽  
Kang-Hyun Song
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Temperature Calculation ◽  
Hull Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
The Impact

Abstract LNG carriers are vessels used to store and transport liquefied natural gas. LNG, in its liquid form has the temperature of minus 163 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the types of steel used to build the hull structure must withstand the impact of low temperatures. Cargo Containment System (CCS) is used to reduce the transfer of heat from the outside environment into the cargo tank and to keep the LNG in liquid state. Presently, the most popular types of CCS are designed by GTT (Gaztransport & Technigaz). However, Korean shipyards, KOGAS (Korea Gas Corporation) and many other companies around the world are developing their own CCS systems. The thermal analysis of LNG carrier hull is generally performed by the CCS developer and therefore, in order to assist the new CCS developers and LNG carrier designers, KR has developed a guideline for temperature calculation of Membrane type LNG carrier’s hull. This study is a part of the guidelines and focuses on numerical and analytical solution procedures for accurate hull temperature calculation. For verification and accuracy of these methods, temperature calculation of a Membrane type LNG carrier hull is carried out and the results are compared with each other. Both methods, thoroughly analyzed in this study, could be applied in the design of membrane type LNG carrier hulls.

scholarly journals Nonlinear dynamic behaviors of outer shell and upper deck structures subjected to impact loading in maritime environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Rio Prabowo ◽  
Jung Min Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Impact Loading ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Energy Relation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Structural Resistance ◽  
Hull Structure ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
Side Collision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maritime Environment

AbstractShip collision appears as the most threatening loading accounting for structural casualties and numbers of casualties after impact on the target ship. In order to avoid such losses against collision, better safety during activities in maritime environment is demanded. Therefore, assessment of ship structure is needed to understand dynamic effect of the impact and quantify nonlinear behavior of local members. This study is conducted to achieve those aims by deploying nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) to idealized ship collision event. Validation of the numerical method is performed by comparing results of a modeled collision case with various empirical calculations. Design for impact loading in main analysis considers side collision to main hull structure, which single side skin (SSS) and double side skin (DSS) types are modeled. Investigation is also directed to influence of the target members on the main hull to capacity of absorbed energy and characteristic of structural resistance. Analysis results indicate that good understanding is successfully obtained in terms of structural damage-energy relation. Confirmation of the current calculation using numerical calculation is also confirmed considering the modeled cases and empirical results agree well. Tendency of hull responses concluded that the longitudinal members contribute more to structural resistance against side collision.

Analysis of the Safety Factors of Municipal Road Undercrossing Existing Bridge Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110318
Author(s):  
Yonghong Yang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Zude Tang
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Engineering Projects

Increasing traffic volume and insufficient road lanes often require municipal roads to be reconstructed and expanded. Where a road passes under a bridge, the reconstruction and expansion project will inevitably have an impact on the bridge. To evaluate the safety impact of road engineering projects on bridges, this paper evaluates the safety of the roads and ancillary facilities of highway bridges involved in municipal road engineering projects. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the safety factors of municipal roads undercrossing existing bridges, a fuzzy comprehensive analytic hierarchy process (AHP) evaluation method for the influence of road construction on the safety of existing bridges is proposed. First, AHP is used to select 11 evaluation factors. Second, the target layer, criterion layer, and index layer of evaluation factors are established, then a safety evaluation factor system is formed. The three-scale AHP model is used to determine the weight of assessment indexes. Third, through the fuzzy comprehensive AHP evaluation model, the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation is carried out for the safety assessment index system. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to the engineering example of a municipal road undercrossing an existing expressway bridge. The comprehensive safety evaluation of the existing bridge reflects the practicability and feasibility of the method. It is expected that, with further development, the method will improve the decision-making process in bridge safety assessment systems.

scholarly journals Improving Near Miss Detection in Maritime Traffic in the Northern Baltic Sea from AIS Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Lei Du ◽  
Osiris A. Valdez Banda ◽  
Floris Goerlandt ◽  
Pentti Kujala ◽  
Weibin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship Behavior

Ship collision is the most common type of accident in the Northern Baltic Sea, posing a risk to the safety of maritime transportation. Near miss detection from automatic identification system (AIS) data provides insight into maritime transportation safety. Collision risk always triggers a ship to maneuver for safe passing. Some frenetic rudder actions occur at the last moment before ship collision. However, the relationship between ship behavior and collision risk is not fully clarified. Therefore, this work proposes a novel method to improve near miss detection by analyzing ship behavior characteristic during the encounter process. The impact from the ship attributes (including ship size, type, and maneuverability), perceived risk of a navigator, traffic complexity, and traffic rule are considered to obtain insights into the ship behavior. The risk severity of the detected near miss is further quantified into four levels. This proposed method is then applied to traffic data from the Northern Baltic Sea. The promising results of near miss detection and the model validity test suggest that this work contributes to the development of preventive measures in maritime management to enhance to navigational safety, such as setting a precautionary area in the hotspot areas. Several advantages and limitations of the presented method for near miss detection are discussed.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Post-Earthquake Safety Assessment System for High-Rise Buildings Using Acceleration Measurements

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Koji Tsuchimoto ◽  
Yasutaka Narazaki ◽  
Billie F. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Steel Building ◽  
Earthquake Safety

After a major seismic event, structural safety inspections by qualified experts are required prior to reoccupying a building and resuming operation. Such manual inspections are generally performed by teams of two or more experts and are time consuming, labor intensive, subjective in nature, and potentially put the lives of the inspectors in danger. The authors reported previously on the system for a rapid post-earthquake safety assessment of buildings using sparse acceleration data. The proposed framework was demonstrated using simulation of a five-story steel building modeled with three-dimensional nonlinear analysis subjected to historical earthquakes. The results confirmed the potential of the proposed approach for rapid safety evaluation of buildings after seismic events. However, experimental validation on large-scale structures is required prior to field implementation. Moreover, an extension to the assessment of high-rise buildings, such as those commonly used for residences and offices in modern cities, is needed. To this end, a 1/3-scale 18-story experimental steel building tested on the shaking table at E-Defense in Japan is considered. The importance of online model updating of the linear building model used to calculate the Damage Sensitive Features (DSFs) during the operation is also discussed. Experimental results confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach for rapid post-earthquake safety evaluation for high-rise buildings. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis with respect to the number of sensors used is presented.

Effect of Particle Impact Velocity on Cone Crack Shape in Ceramic Material

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 1321-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Yeob Oh ◽  
Hyung Seop Shin
Keyword(s):  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Particle Impact ◽  
Cone Crack ◽  
Crack Shape ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Particle Impact Velocity ◽  
Sic Particle ◽  
Ring Cracks

The damage behaviors induced in a SiC by a spherical particle impact having a different material and size were investigated. Especially, the influence of the impact velocity of a particle on the cone crack shape developed was mainly discussed. The damage induced by a particle impact was different depending on the material and the size of a particle. The ring cracks on the surface of the specimen were multiplied by increasing the impact velocity of a particle. The steel particle impact produced the larger ring cracks than that of the SiC particle. In the case of the high velocity impact of the SiC particle, the radial cracks were generated due to the inelastic deformation at the impact site. In the case of the larger particle impact, the morphology of the damages developed were similar to the case of the smaller particle one, but a percussion cone was formed from the back surface of the specimen when the impact velocity exceeded a critical value. The zenithal angle of the cone cracks developed into the SiC decreased monotonically as the particle impact velocity increased. The size and material of a particle influenced more or less on the extent of the cone crack shape. An empirical equation was obtained as a function of impact velocity of the particle, based on the quasi-static zenithal angle of the cone crack. This equation will be helpful to the computational simulation of the residual strength in ceramic components damaged by the particle impact.

Comparative safety assessment of plant-derived foods

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Kok ◽  
J. Keijer ◽  
G.A. Kleter ◽  
H.A. Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Comparative Safety

Structural Safety Assessment of a 1100 TEU Container Ship, Based on a Enhanced Long Term Fatigue Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 935-940
Author(s):  
Leonard Domnisoru ◽  
Ionica Rubanenco ◽  
Mihaela Amoraritei
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Random Wave ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Hydroelastic Response

This paper is focused on an enhanced integrated method for structural safety assessment of maritime ships under extreme random wave loads. In this study is considered an 1100 TEU container test ship, with speed range 0 to 18 knots. The most comprehensive criteria for ships structural safety evaluation over the whole exploitation life is based on the long term ship structures analysis, that includes: stress hot-spots evaluation by 3D/1D-FEM hull models, computation of short term ship dynamic response induced by irregular waves, long term fatigue structure assessment. The analysis is enhanced by taking into account the ships speed influence on hydroelastic response. The study includes a comparative analysis on two scenarios for the correlation between the ships speed and waves intensity. The standard constant ship speed scenario and CENTEC scenario, with total speed loss at extreme waves condition, are considered. Instead of 20 years ship exploitation life estimated by classification societies rules from the long term structural safety criteria, the enhanced method has predicted more restrictive values of 14.4-15.7 years. The numerical analyses are based on own software and user subroutines. The study made possible to have a more realistic approach of ships structural strength assessment, for elastic and faster ships as container carriers, in compare to the standard one based only on naval rules, delivering a method with higher confidence in the designed structural safety.

Design of floating bridge girders against accidental ship collision loads

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Sha ◽  
Jørgen Amdahl
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Ship Structure ◽  
Steel Box Girder ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Bridge Girder ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
The Impact

The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is running a project “Ferry free coastal route E39” which includes replacing ferry crossings by bridges or tunnels across fjords in Western Norway. A floating bridge concept was proposed in the fjord-crossing project for Bjørnefjorden. As there are regular cruise routes passing by the bridge, it raises the concern for the consequences of accidental ship collision with the bridge girder. During the collision, the interactions between the bridge girder and the ship structure can be significant. Thus, in the design of the proposed bridge it is vital to evaluate the safety of the ship and the bridge. In this paper, detailed finite element models of a cruise ship and a steel box girder are developed. The impact scenarios and structural damages are studied. The results show that the proposed bridge girder design is generally safe to resist normal accidental ship collision loads. Numerical model of the whole bridge is also developed for further study of bridge global response subjected to ship collision load.

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