Inline and Vertical Wave Force Variation due to Burial of Submarine Pipeline in Random Wave Fields

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Neelamani ◽  
K. Al-Banaa
Keyword(s):  
Wave Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrodynamic Condition ◽  
Random Wave ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Submarine Pipeline ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Good For ◽  
Depth Of Burial

Marine pipelines encounter significant dynamic forces due to the action of waves. In order to reduce such forces, they are buried below the seabed. The wave force on the pipeline at any depth of burial for the given hydrodynamic condition depends on the properties of the sea bed soil. Physical model is used for assessing the hydrodynamic force on the pipeline for a wide range of random wave conditions, for different burial depths and in four types of soils. It is found that for all the four soil types, the horizontal force reduces with increase in depth of burial, whereas the vertical force generally increases up to certain depth of burial, mainly due to the significant change in the magnitude as well as the phase lag between the pore water pressures in the vertical direction. Among the soils, well graded soil is good for half burial of pipeline, since the least vertical force occurs for this soil. On the other hand, uniformly graded and low hydraulic conductivity soil attracts the maximum vertical force for half burial. On the other hand, such soil is good for full burial or further increase of burial, since it attracts less vertical force when compared to the other soils. The results of this study will help the submarine pipeline design engineers to select the minimum safe burial depth in a range of cohesion-less soil.

Variation in Wave Forces on Buried Submarine Pipeline in Different Types of Soils in Random Waves

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Neelamani ◽  
K. Al-Banaa
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Wave Force ◽  
Random Wave ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Submarine Pipeline ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Of Burial

Submarine pipelines encounter significant wave forces in shallow coastal waters due to the action of waves. In order to reduce such forces (also to protect the pipe against anchors and dropped objects) they are buried below the seabed. The wave force variation due to burial depends on the engineering characteristics of the sub soil like hydraulic conductivity and porosity, apart from the design environmental conditions. For a given wave condition, in certain type of soil, the wave force can reduce drastically with increased burial and in certain other type of soil, it may not. It is hence essential to understand how the wave forces (both horizontal and vertical) vary while the pipeline is buried in soils of different hydraulic conductivity. The selection of minimum safe burial depth of submarine pipelines mainly depends on the magnitude of wave force on the buried submarine pipeline. The minimum safe burial depth is the depth of burial at which the hydrodynamic forces encountered by the submarine pipelines do not destabilize them during the design environmental condition. The variation of wave forces on buried submarine pipeline is investigated using four different cohesion less soils with hydraulic conductivity varying from 0.286 mm/s to 1.84 mm/s. The physical modeling investigations were carried out for a wide range of random wave conditions (PM spectrum with significant wave heights from 5 to 20 cm and peak period from 1.0 to 3.0 s) and for different depth of burial. The horizontal and vertical hydrodynamic forces on the submarine pipeline were estimated by numerically integrating the measured dynamic pressures around the circumference of the pipe line at 12 points. It is found from the study that the horizontal force reduces with increase in depth of burial, and is less dependent on the hydraulic conductivity of the soil. Whereas, the vertical wave force varies quite significantly (generally increases up to certain depth of burial and reduces with further increase in depth of burial), mainly due to the significant change in the magnitude and the phase lag between the dynamic pore water pressures. In general, if the hydraulic conductivity is high (order of 1.84 mm/s), then varying the relative burial depth from e/D = 0.5 to 1.5 does not provide appreciable advantage from the vertical force reduction point of view. On the other hand, for a soil with low hydraulic conductivity (order of 0.29 mm/s), changing the depth of burial from e/D = 0.5 to 1.5 reduces the vertical wave force more than 50%, where ‘e’ is the vertical distance between the sea floor and pipeline bottom and ‘D’ is the pipeline diameter. For half buried (or half exposed) condition, the pipeline in the soil with high hydraulic conductivity attracts the least vertical force and attracts high vertical force in the soil with low hydraulic conductivity, due to appreciable Bernoulli effect in low hydraulic conductivity soil. The results of this study will help the submarine pipeline design engineers to select the minimum safe burial depth in a range of cohesion-less soil in a wide range of hydraulic conductivity and random wave conditions.

scholarly journals Between health and pleasure

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Hélène Jawhara Piñer
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good For ◽  
Medical Treatises ◽  
Medical Recommendations

Between pleasure and health, why should we have to choose? Though this combination did not mainly concern the culinary tradition of the Christian Middle Ages, on the other hand, it fits fully into an Arabic tradition of both East and West of the said period. In the late Middle Ages under Islamic domination, doctors, agronomists or botanists, offer –through multiple medical treatises on food or agriculture–, culinary recipes good for health. Thus, for Ibn Rush, Ibn Rāzī, Avicenne or Maimonides –as for many others scholars–, foodstuffs play a key role in its benefits for health. In this way, cookbooks occupy pride of place in this alliance between health and cooking. Therefore, the culinary recipes of half a dozen cookbooks of the Muslim Middle East dating back to the 10th-14th centuries, suggest this combination: listen to your body, take pleasure when you eat, do it according to your health and eat in a measured way. Cookbooks of the Iberian Peninsula written in Arabic in the Dar al-Islam testify to the transmission –from the Muslim Middle East– of the medico-culinary tradition based on humoral theory and culinary practices. This paper will focus on the place occupied by dietetic in the first known cookbook of the Iberian Peninsula: the Kitāb al-ṭabīẖ [The cookbook]. Its anonymous author quote Galen and Hippocrates that, therefore, inscribes the Kitāb al-ṭabīẖ in the influence of the Greek dietetic tradition. Furthermore, the knowledge of the anonymous author concerning medicine, dietetic, and cuisine is undeniable. Through half a thousand recipes, I will first present a reflection on this source commonly named “The Cookbook”, and then underscore the proportion of dishes containing medical recommendations. Then I will offer an approach to frequently used foodstuffs in the recipes where health seems to take precedence over the pleasure of eating the dish. Curing the illness, avoiding it, take pleasure, what is the goal of the culinary recipes? Thus, the aim is to identify both the most common dietetics recommendations and the disease that seem the most important to avoid. Finally, I will provide a glimpse of one of the most characteristic culinary recipes of this alliance health/pleasure that can offer the Andalusian cookbook. A brief reflection can be conducted on the current phenomenon that shows the willingness to return to healthy food which recommendations can be found in the cookbooks dating from the Middle Ages.

scholarly journals ABUSE OF THE RIGHT TO INITIATE BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
В. В. Дутка
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bankruptcy Procedure ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ordinary Citizens ◽  
Legal Entities

The relevance of the article is that society’s attitude to the bankruptcy procedure is ambiguous: ordinary citizens who have never been involved in bankruptcy proceedings often perceive it as a certain negative phenomenon that should be avoided and avoided. On the other hand, for many debtors, bankruptcy becomes the “lifeline” with which they can repay their claims to creditors and start financial life “from scratch”. At the same time, it should be noted that many debtors and creditors use the bankruptcy procedure not for the purposes provided by the legislator in the relevant legal norms, but to satisfy only their own interests, to the detriment of the interests of other parties to the case. In this regard, the study of the abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings becomes relevant. The article is devoted to the study of abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings. The purpose of the article is to study the abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings and highlight the author’s vision of this issue. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that the application to the debtor of bankruptcy procedures can be both good for the debtor and to the detriment of the interests of his creditors. Entities that could potentially abuse the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings are: creditors of the debtor – a legal entity, as well as debtors – legal entities, individuals and individuals – entrepreneurs. The fact of exemption of debtors from the court fee for filing an application to initiate bankruptcy proceedings is not only an unjustified luxury for our state, but also only contributes to the abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings by unscrupulous debtors. In order to reduce the number of cases of abuse of the right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings, the author justifies the need to complicate the conditions for opening bankruptcy proceedings, for example, by returning the conditions provided by the Law of Ukraine “On Restoration of Debtor’s Solvency or Recognition of Debtor’s Bankruptcy”.

Being a Palliative Nurse for Persons with Severe Congestive Heart Failure in Advanced Homecare

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Brännström ◽  
Christine Brulin ◽  
Astrid Norberg ◽  
Kurt Boman ◽  
Gunilla Strandberg
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Severe Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Culture Clash ◽  
Great Weight ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good For

Advanced homecare for persons with congestive heart failure is a ‘new’ challenge for palliative nurses. The aim of this study is to illuminate the meaning of being a palliative nurse for persons with severe congestive heart failure in advanced homecare. Narrative interviews with 11 nurses were conducted, tape-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. A phenomenological-hermeneutic method was used to interpret the text. One meaning of being a palliative nurse is being firmly rooted and guided by the values of palliative culture. Being adaptable to the patient's way of life carries great weight. On one hand nurses live out this value, facilitating for the patients to live their everydaylife as good as possible. Being a facilitator is revealed as difficult, challenging, but overall positive. On the other hand nurses get into a tight corner when values of palliative culture clash and do not correspond with the nurses interpretation of what is good for the person with congestive heart failure. Being in such a tight corner is revealed as frustrating and giving rise to feelings of inadequacy. Thus, it seems important to reflect critical on the values of palliative culture.

Arithmetic in The Junior High School

1925 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Lewis W. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good For ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One

The curriculum of the junior high school must be determined on the one hand by the needs of a developing civilization and on the other by the nature and capacities of developing youth. These two criteria of worth are by no means opposed to each other. They constitute no bifurcated demand. They set up no dilemmas. For every child is born into organized society on the one hand and becomes a duly constituted member thereof, while on the other hand he possesses a social nature that fits him into the world's work just in the measure that he finds himself. It is perhaps not far afield to say that all friction due to anti-socialistic tendencies is a maladjustment of individuals who have not discovered what they are good for.

Records and Record-keeping in Nineteenth-Century Korea

1971 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Palais
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good For ◽  
Yi Dynasty

The article describes the types of written records available to scholars of late Yi dynasty Korea, in particular, daily chronicles compiled under official auspices. Koreans were indebted to the Chinese for the chronological format of compilation, the Confucian moralistic purpose for historical writing, the respect for bare fact, and the necessity for truthful reporting. These objectives were often violated, however, because the recorders were also active bureaucrats involved in political disputes.For the modern historian, these sources have certain advantages and disadvantages. They are good for institutional and administrative history, and they provide raw data for political history. On the other hand, they reflect the biases of the recorders, they do not reveal the really private thoughts of kings and officials, they are confined to the formal apparatus of the official communication and the court conference, and they are comprised over much of moralistic exhortation and general preachment, rather than with concrete discussion of the problems of economy, society, and policy. They do, however, represent an enormous body of material hitherto neglected by Western scholars.

scholarly journals Maqasid al-shariah: suatu kajian terhadap ijtihad Ali ibn Abi Thalib

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Eficandra Eficandra
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good For ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Ijtihad conducted by Ali ibn Abi Talib continuously to understand in depth the purpose of Islamic law and reason for its implementation, and to realize maslahah (the public good) for human life on earth. This Ijtihad was always supported by nas the Qur’an’s and Sunnah’s text) and also according to the spirit of Shari’ah. The results of Ali’s ijtihad if linked with the approach and application of maqasid al-shari’ah (the goals and objectives of Islamic law) as the study of usul al-fikih (the methodology of Islamic law) had many similarities. In another sense, Ali ibn Abi Talib was really smart to understand and apply maqasid al-shari’ah in the five types of maslahah, namely faith or religion, life or human self, intellect, lineage or posterity, and property or wealth. Likewise, in the application of the five maslahah, levels and priorities in the form daruriyyat (the essential benefits), hajiyyat (the complementary benefits), and tahsiniyyat (the embellishment benefits) was always be considered by him. On the other hand, if there was a clash between one maslahah with another maslahah, Ali ibn Abi Talib solved it by consideration of the level and priority in the implementation of mas}lah}ah to be realized.

scholarly journals Kan man tacka för senast eller för sig? Prepositionsfrasens struktur med utvalda svenska och polska tackformler som exempel

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
Piotr Zborowski
Keyword(s):  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Good For ◽  
Temporal Adverbs

Abstract The present paper focuses on some frequent Swedish thank formulas that do not seem to fit the pattern of thanking - either syntactically or semantically. One example of the syntactic irregularities is tack för senast, ‘thanks for last time’ (lit. ‘thanks for lastADV’), where the prepositional phrase consists of an adverbial (not a nominal) component relating to time. On the other hand, the Swedish tack för mig, ‘thanks for me / myself’, does not conform to the semantics of thanking, as it seems to suggest that the speaker himself is the only proper reason for thanking, not - as usually expected - ‘something good’ for the speaker, i.e. an action brought about for him or her by the addressee. Some similarities with the Polish phrases for thanking (which also include adverbs but are fewer and less frequent in comparison Swedish), e.g. dziękuję za dziś, ‘thanks for today’, have also been taken into consideration. Such constructions can be analysed and explained in terms of metonymy. Furthermore, the thank formulas including the temporal adverbs seem to reflect the significance of time as a special value in the Swedish culture.

scholarly journals Corpus of Usage Examples: What Is It Good For?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timofey Arkhangelskiy
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Reference Grammar ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Corpus Studies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Good For ◽  
Word Senses

Lexicography and corpus studies of grammar have a long history of fruitful interaction. For the most part, however, this has been a one-way relationship. Lexicographers have extensively used corpora to identify previously undetected word senses or find natural usage examples; using lexicographic materials when conducting data-driven investigations of grammar, on the other hand, is hardly commonplace. In this paper, I present a Beserman Udmurt corpus made out of "artificial" dictionary examples. I argue that, although such a corpus can not be used for certain kinds of corpus-based research, it is nevertheless a very useful tool for writing a reference grammar of a language. This is particularly important in the case of underresourced endangered varieties, which Beserman is, because of the scarcity of available corpus data. The paper describes the process of developing the Beserman usage example corpus, explores its differences compared to traditional text corpora, and discusses how those can be beneficial for grammar research.

A Comparison of the Dynamic Pedobarograph and EMED Systems for Measuring Dynamic Foot Pressures

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Quaney ◽  
Katja Meyer ◽  
Mark W. Cornwall ◽  
Thomas G. McPoil
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Assessment Systems ◽  
Peak Pressures

The purpose of this study was to compare the peak pressure and peak force values obtained from two pressure assessment systems, the Dynamic Pedobarograph and the EMED SF. Twenty-one individuals with a mean age of 31.6 years walked barefoot over both systems using a two-step data collection protocol. Peak plantar pressures and peak vertical force values were measured under the heel, central forefoot, hallux, and entire foot for both systems. The results of this study demonstrated that the EMED SF system produced larger peak pressures under the central forefoot and hallux. The Pedobarograph, on the other hand, produced greater pressures under the heel and entire foot. With respect to peak vertical forces, the Pedobarograph showed significantly greater values under the heel and central forefoot compared with the EMED SF, but were significantly lower under the hallux and entire foot.

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