Limit State Design Based on Experimental Methods for High Pressure, High Temperature Riser and Pipeline Design

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Shilling ◽  
Chris Alexander ◽  
Ron Livesay
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Riser Pipe ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature

A full-scale test program was conducted for BP America, Inc. to evaluate the performance of pipe material selected for use in high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) riser applications. Full length ultrasonic (FLUT) wall mapping was then used to select samples, and burst tests were performed at pressures exceeding 40,000 psi. The tests’ results clearly demonstrated the accuracy of the capped end burst pressures predicted by API RP 1111 as demonstrated by the low standard deviation of experimental burst pressures. The test program validated the strain-based design methodology embodied in API RP 1111, especially the empirically-based design methodology presented in Appendix B of API RP 1111. This paper presents details on the completed program and how the industry can use the insights gained in completing this study to establish design pressures that more fully utilize material strengths for thick-wall riser pipe materials while maintaining conservative factors of safety. A performance and reliability-based design procedure based on FLUT wall mapping has been proposed and verified in this study; the use of this design procedure can improve true reliability by ensuring a better quality riser product.

Extra High-Pressure High-Temperature (XHPHT) Flowlines: Design Considerations and Challenges

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Jukes ◽  
Ayman Eltaher ◽  
Jason Sun ◽  
Gary Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Qualification Testing ◽  
Water Depths

Development of deep water oil reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico may encounter conditions where the flowline product temperatures approach 177°C (350°F), water depths range to 3000 m (10,000 ft), and tie-back distances up to 40 miles are presently being considered. These high flowline temperatures, water depths and distances, present real challenges to the design of flowlines. The objective of this paper is to present the design considerations and challenges of designing for extra high pressure high temperature (XHPHT) conditions. For such conditions, a pipe-in-pipe (PIP) flowline system with thermal expansion management, and a limit state-based design are viable solutions. This paper is split into three main parts and covers (i) design challenges and how they are overcome, (ii) finite element analysis design methods, and (iii) qualification testing of PIP components. The first section presents the main design issues, and challenges, of designing flowlines for deepwater and high-temperature conditions. The paper discusses aspects of controlling the large axial loads, such as thermal expansion management using buckle initiators and end constraints for flowlines, and presents current methods. The second section describes the use of advanced finite element analysis (FEA) tools for the design and simulation of PIP systems, and presents local and global FEA models, using ABAQUS, to investigate the limit state design of XHPHT flowlines. A 3-D helical response of the inner pipe subjected to high temperature, and the sequential reeling and lateral buckling of flowlines is also discussed. The final section of the paper describes the qualification testing to be undertaken on PIP components to ensure structural integrity and long-term thermal and structural performance. Qualification testing for PIP components for 177°C (350°F) service is discussed, and includes the testing of centralizers, waterstop seals, thermal insulation and loadshares. This paper is based on both theoretical and practical research work.

A Case Study of High Pressure/High Temperature Pipeline for Ice Scour Design Using 3D Continuum Modeling

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfettah Fredj ◽  
George Comfort ◽  
Aaron Dinovitzer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Continuum Modeling ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Eulerian Formulation ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Non Linear

Offshore pipelines in ice environments are increasingly required to operate at higher pressure and temperature conditions. These offshore pipelines can be subjected to stress and strains resulting from loading condition and ice scour created in the area. This paper describes a study performed to investigate the mechanical behavior of High Pressure/High Temperature (HP/HT) pipelines to withstand ice scouring events. A parametric study was completed to define the governing parameters for HP/HT pipeline design. This study was based on 3D continuum modeling with an ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) formulation that was developed and run using LS-DYNA. The model incorporated large deformation theory, non-linear pipe-soil interaction and non-linear pipe material behavior to define ice interaction induced pipe deformations.

scholarly journals High-pressure synthesis and crystal structure of the mixed-cation borate Ga4In4B15O33(OH)3

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
Daniela Vitzthum ◽  
Hubert Huppertz
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synthesis And Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mixed Cation ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Pressure Synthesis

AbstractThe mixed cation triel borate Ga4In4B15O33(OH)3 was synthesized in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus at high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 12.5 GPa and 1300°C. Although the product could not be reproduced in further experiments, its crystal structure could be reliably determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Ga4In4B15O33(OH)3 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I41/a (origin choice 2) with the lattice parameters a = 11.382(2), c = 15.244(2) Å, and V = 1974.9(4) Å3. The structure of the quaternary triel borate consists of a complex network of BO4 tetrahedra, edge-sharing InO6 octahedra in dinuclear units, and very dense edge-sharing GaO6 octahedra in tetranuclear units.

Iodine-mediated high-pressure high-temperature carbonization of hydrocarbons and synthesis of nanodiamonds

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 111189
Author(s):  
E.A. Ekimov ◽  
K.M. Kondrina ◽  
I.P. Zibrov ◽  
S.G. Lyapin ◽  
M.V. Lovygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature

scholarly journals Multianvil High-Pressure/High-Temperature Synthesis and Characterization of multiferroic HP-Co3TeO6

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter Heymann ◽  
Elisabeth Selb ◽  
Toni Buttlar ◽  
Oliver Janka ◽  
Martina Tribus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Crystal System ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature

By high-pressure/high-temperature multianvil synthesis a new high-pressure (HP) phase of Co3TeO6 was obtained. The compound crystallizes in the acentric trigonal crystal system of the Ni3TeO6-type structure with space group R3...

Experimental investigation of wall heat transfer due to spray combustion in a high-pressure/high-temperature vessel

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110072
Author(s):  
Karri Keskinen ◽  
Walter Vera-Tudela ◽  
Yuri M Wright ◽  
Konstantinos Boulouchos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Transfer Problem ◽  
Wall Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature

Combustion chamber wall heat transfer is a major contributor to efficiency losses in diesel engines. In this context, thermal swing materials (adapting to the surrounding gas temperature) have been pinpointed as a promising mitigative solution. In this study, experiments are carried out in a high-pressure/high-temperature vessel to (a) characterise the wall heat transfer process ensuing from wall impingement of a combusting fuel spray, and (b) evaluate insulative improvements provided by a coating that promotes thermal swing. The baseline experimental condition resembles that of Spray A from the Engine Combustion Network, while additional variations are generated by modifying the ambient temperature as well as the injection pressure and duration. Wall heat transfer and wall temperature measurements are time-resolved and accompanied by concurrent high-speed imaging of natural luminosity. An investigation with an uncoated wall is carried out with several sensor locations around the stagnation point, elucidating sensor-to-sensor variability and setup symmetry. Surface heat flux follows three phases: (i) an initial peak, (ii) a slightly lower plateau dependent on the injection duration, and (iii) a slow decline. In addition to the uncoated reference case, the investigation involves a coating made of porous zirconia, an established thermal swing material. With a coated setup, the projection of surface quantities (heat flux and temperature) from the immersed measurement location requires additional numerical analysis of conjugate heat transfer. Starting from the traces measured beneath the coating, the surface quantities are obtained by solving a one-dimensional inverse heat transfer problem. The present measurements are complemented by CFD simulations supplemented with recent rough-wall models. The surface roughness of the coated specimen is indicated to have a significant impact on the wall heat flux, offsetting the expected benefit from the thermal swing material.

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