Retrofittable External Hoop Strain Sensors to Monitor Changes in Internal Pressure, During Hydrate Blockage Remediation, in a Deep-Water Flowline

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Podskarbi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hoop Strain ◽  
Strain Monitoring ◽  
Permanent Storage ◽  
Fiber Optic Strain Sensors

This paper will describe the first use of a retrofit non-intrusive pressure measurement system to monitor effects of remediating a hydrate blockage in a deep-water flowline jumper. The system was developed in response to a requirement to monitor pressure on the jumper in order to aid in gas hydrate remediation and to monitor the effects of the remediation processes to clear the blockage. An ROV-deployed non-intrusive hoop strain monitoring system (subC-pts*) was designed for clamping to the flowline, which had unknown internal pressure distribution, in order to report hoop strain changes, therefore derive the internal pipe pressure during intervention and remediation. In addition to the requirement for permanent storage of data, Schlumberger’s design included a high intensity LED mounted in the wall of unit, indicating the value of hoop strain on the subC-pts. Four self-contained systems were supplied. Each stand-alone sensor comprised an optical interrogation system, battery pack, data storage and real-time LED. The subsea optoelectronics were contained in a pressure-sealed housing secured to a composite structure containing fiber-optic strain sensors. The housing was removable from the sensor unit, for maintenance purposes, and was connected to the composite structure by an optical jumper cable. The systems were ROV-deployed onto a 30m length of jumper, at depths greater than 1000m. The measurement of hoop strain using highly linear strain sensors, and the deduction of pressure variation is examined. Focus is given to the novel aspects of the technology, and to areas where further improvements can be made, particularly with a view to developing alternative potential problem solving applications.

Strain monitoring of braided composites by using embedded fiber-optic strain sensors

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Kosaka ◽  
Hideaki Kurimoto ◽  
Katsuhiko Osaka ◽  
Asami Nakai ◽  
Toshiko Osada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Strain Monitoring ◽  
Fiber Optic Strain Sensors

Ratcheting assessment of corroded elbow pipes subjected to internal pressure and cyclic bending moment

2021 ◽  
pp. 030932472198989
Author(s):  
Ali Salehi ◽  
Armin Rahmatfam ◽  
Mohammad Zehsaz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Hoop Strain ◽  
Cyclic Bending ◽  
High Fatigue ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cyclic Bending Moment

The present study aimed to study ratcheting strains of corroded stainless steel 304LN elbow pipes subjected to internal pressure and cyclic bending moment. To this aim, spherical and cubical shapes corrosion are applied at two depths of 1 mm and 2 mm in the critical points of elbow pipe such as symmetry sites at intrados, extrados, and crown positions. Then, a Duplex 2205 stainless steel elbow pipe is considered as an alternative to studying the impact of the pipe materials, due to its high corrosion resistance and strength, toughness, and most importantly, the high fatigue strength and other mechanical properties than stainless steel 304LN. In order to perform numerical analyzes, the hardening coefficients of the materials were calculated. The results highlight a significant relationship between the destructive effects of corrosion and the depth and shape of corrosion, so that as corrosion increases, the resulting destructive effects increases as well, also, the ratcheting strains in cubic corrosions have a higher growth rate than spherical corrosions. In addition, the growth rate of the ratcheting strains in the hoop direction is much higher across the studied sample than the axial direction. The highest growth rate of hoop strain was observed at crown and the highest growth rate of axial strains occurred at intrados position. Altogether, Duplex 2205 material has a better performance than SS 304LN.

scholarly journals Pipeline Leak Localization Based on FBG Hoop Strain Sensors Combined with BP Neural Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziguang Jia ◽  
Liang Ren ◽  
Hongnan Li ◽  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Hoop Strain ◽  
Leak Localization

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Microscale Components Interaction on Measurements of Fiber Optic Strain Sensors Used in Composite Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Tashkinov ◽  
Igor Shardakov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Numerical Estimation ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Fiber Optic Strain Sensors

The paper investigates the influence of structural components of a composite material on the strain values measured by using an embedded optical fiber with Bragg gratings. The effect of composite plies and intermediate epoxy layers on the transfer of deformations from the measured object to the optical fiber was studied taking into account various methods of the fiber attachment and surrounding media configurations. A numerical estimation of the effect of the longitudinal and transverse components of the strain tensor on the wavelength of the reflected spectrum is performed.

scholarly journals Dynamic and quasi-static signal separation method for bridges under moving loads based on long-gauge FBG strain monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-402
Author(s):  
Huaxi Lu ◽  
Zhicheng Gao ◽  
Bitao Wu ◽  
Zhenwei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Signal Separation ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Static Strain ◽  
Strain Monitoring ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Vehicle Loads ◽  
Strain Signal

Structural health monitoring is an important means of obtaining the state information of bridges, and the extracted quasi-static strain signal can reflect the stress state of bridges directly. However, the strain signals acquired during the operation stage of bridges are dynamic, and the strain gauges used in the health monitoring system are short (no more than 10 cm), which means they are easily affected by small damage at the installation parts of bridges and thereby the monitoring signal abnormalities occur. A type of externally affixed long-gauge fiber strain gauge is used to monitor the health of bridges, and the dynamic and quasi-static signal separation method for long-gauge strain sensors is studied under different vehicle loads; at the same time, the dynamic monitoring performance of the long-gauge sensor is investigated in this paper. The quasi-static strain signal extracted from the dynamic macro-strain signal can be used to directly monitor the stress status of the bridge. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible for extracting the quasi-static macro-strain from a dynamic long-gauge strain signal.

Long-Term Stress Analysis of Plastic Pipe Reinforced by Cross-Winding Steel Wire

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jinyang Zheng ◽  
Yaxian Li ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Chunying Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Hoop Strain ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Plastic Pipe

Plastic pipe reinforced by cross helically wound steel wires (PSP) is a new type of metal-plastics composite pipe developed in China. Time-dependent properties of PSP are investigated theoretically and experimentally in this paper. Although the steel wire can carry most of the loading in a liner elastic way, the time dependent behavior shown in the PSP should be further analyzed and described. Based on the structural features of PSP and the viscoelastic behaviors of HDPE in matrix, a three layer viscoelastic model is proposed to calculate time-dependent elastic stresses and strains in the PSP subjected to internal pressure. The experimental results show that the hoop strain decreases slowly, while the axial strain increases by 0.16% in 14000 minutes at constant internal pressure. Good agreement between theoretical results and experimental data shows that the three layer viscoelastic model is able to predict the time-dependent relationship of stress and strain in PSP. The effects of volume fraction and winding angle of the steel wires on the creep behaviour of the PSP subjected to an internal pressure are discussed in the end.

Enhanced Two-Photon 3D Optical Storage in a Novel Multibranched-Dye Doped Photobleaching Polymer

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1245-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Quan Guo ◽  
Ji Hu ◽  
Bin Guo ◽  
Hao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Data Storage ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Beam

A novel multibranched nonlinear dye，4, 4´, 4´´-tris(9-carbazyl-trans-styryl) triphenylamine (TCSTPA)，has been designed and synthesized aimed at two-photon absorption applications. Two-photon absorption cross section of the multibranched dye was obtained as high as 2.35×10-47cm4s photon-1molecule-1pumped with femtosecond laser beam at 800 nm. One-photon and two-photon absorption optical properties were demonstrated in solutions. Three-dimensional (3D) optical data storage experiments were carried out by two-photon photobleaching in the multibranched-dye doped polymethylmethacryate (PMMA) with a 3D data storage density of approximate 14 Gbits/cm3. Research on the two-photon photobleaching ability shows the novel two-photon absorption dye with multibranched molecular motif has higher photosensitivity than traditional linear two-photon absorption dyes do.

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