State-of-the-Art on Deep Water Thermal Insulation Systems

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Grealish ◽  
Iggy Roddy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Syntactic Foam ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Insulation Systems

There are currently a wide variety of insulation systems available for deep water subsea applications. These systems are applied in a number of different configurations including externally bonded systems, pre-manufactured insulation modules that are strapped on to subsea structures and pipe-in-pipe (PIP) insulation systems. The most common insulation materials include polymers such as polyurethane, epoxies and polypropylene and for deep water applications these are used in two main forms; syntactic foam and composite syntactic foam. The limits associated with current insulation systems include lack of experience on the performance of these systems in long-term deepwater service and relatively low temperature limits when exposed to hot/wet conditions. At present, tests for assessing their thermal and physical properties are manufacturer-dependent and, for a purchaser of such systems, need to be interpreted across a range of existing and new materials and manufacturer specifications. The immediate and long-term effects of temperature, hydrostatic pressure and environmental exposure are not yet fully understood. Currently there is a lack of agreed-upon standards for insulation materials. There is a requirement in the industry for the development of consistent standards for the specification, design, materials, manufacturing and testing of insulation materials and systems. To address this requirement a Joint Industry Project (JIP) commenced in April 2000 to develop a new industry wide standard for insulation and buoyancy materials, designated the InSpec JIP. Twenty companies are participating in the JIP, including nine oil companies, eight manufacturers of insulation/buoyancy products and three contractors. This paper presents a review of the current state-of-the-art for thermal insulation systems for deep water applications. The capabilities of alternative systems are reviewed and evaluated. The key issues associated with each system type and critical parameters for the most common insulation materials are presented and discussed. The development of industry standards within the InSpec JIP to address the critical issues for qualification is highlighted within this paper.

scholarly journals Nature-Based Thermal Insulation Materials From Renewable Resources – A State-Of-The-Art Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bozsaky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
High Level ◽  
By Products

Abstract In the 21st century, global climate change and the high level of fossil energy consumption have introduced changes affecting all sectors of the economy, including the building industry. Reducing energy consumption has become an important task for engineers because 30% of the total energy consumption is used for heating our buildings. Recycling the huge amount of industrial and agricultural by-products has also become urgent because due to their CO2 emissions, their combustion is not a state-of-the-art alternative. Besides rediscovering some long-known, nature-based insulating materials, there are also several research projects that have resulted in new products. In the last century it was relatively easy to review this product range, but nowadays there are so many kinds of nature-based thermal insulating products, there is a need for systematization, and more in-depth knowledge about them is required. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new systematization of nature-based thermal insulation materials, summarize the main knowledge about them, and indicate the direction of recent research and development.

scholarly journals Transparent insulation materials market in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina ◽  
Filip Kuraj
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Materials Used

This paper presents the European market of transparent insulation materials as viewed by manufacturers. The objective of the study was to analyse the application of transparent insulation materials in the construction sector across Europe, determine the popularity of various technologies and materials used to manufacture them, the competition among transparent insulation manufacturers, investment in the development of new transparent insulation technologies, and trends in demand for transparent insulation in Europe. The analysis was performed on the basis of a survey of manufacturers. The use of transparent insulation is associated with high cost, yet the potential return on investment in the form of savings over the course of a building’s life-cycle convinces many potential developers to apply these materials. Based on the results of the survey, it can be concluded that European companies follow the increase in energy-efficiency and the transparent insulation market is prosperous, yet differs from country to country. It was observed that the positive perception of indirect heat gain transparent insulation systems was the most prevalent in Germany. The paper also explores the situation on the author’s domestic market – the Polish transparent thermal insulation market.

scholarly journals Advances in Fetal Neurophysiology

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Predojevic ◽  
Aida Salihagic Kadic
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Intrauterine Life ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The human brain function is certainly one of the most amazing phenomena known. All behavior is the result of the brain function. The 100 billion nerve cells are the home to our centers of feelings and senses, pleasure and satisfaction; it is where the centers for learning, memory and creative work are located; where laughing and crying areas and the centers of our mind are. Our cognitive functions, such as thinking, speaking or creating works of art and science, all reside within the cerebral cortex. One of the tasks of the neural science is to explain how the brain marshals its millions of individual nerve cells to produce behavior and how these cells are affected by the environment.1 The brain function still remains shrouded in a veil of mystery. But what is known is that over 99 percent of the human neocortex is produced during the fetal period.2 Owing to the employment of state-of-the-art methods and techniques in prenatal investigations, a growing pool of information on the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and behavioral patterns during intrauterine life has been made available. This review outlines these events, along with the development of the fetal sensory system and circadian rhythms, the senses of vision and hearing, fetal learning and memory, and long-term effects of fetal stress on behavior. In brief, this review offers a glimpse of the fascinating world of the intrauterine life.

Unique Long Term Simulated Service Testing of Selected Deep Water Wet Insulation Coating Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Haraldsen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Service Testing ◽  
Insulation Systems

The oil and gas industry is moving to deeper water developments and thermal insulation of pipelines at 2–3000 meter water depths is required. Wet thermal insulation systems are exposed directly to the seawater and large hydrostatic water pressure in combination with high fluid temperatures challenge the integrity of the insulation systems. The thermal insulation properties of the insulation system can be gradually decreased by thermal and physical strains and challenge the flow assurance if not taken into account in the design. Wet thermal insulation systems have traditionally been qualified for long term use by a combination of long-term small scale aging tests and shorter term full scale simulated service tests (typically 7–28 days). To evaluate the long performance, simulated service tests have been run for one full year at high water pressure and internal pipe temperatures. A selection of commercially available wet insulation systems have been tested together with system specific field joint coatings under the maximum internal pipe temperature specified for the individual coating systems. The test has been run in natural seawater at 300 barg pressure and temperature of 2–4 °C. The coating thicknesses have been selected to give U-values of 3–4 W/(m2K). Before the simulated service testing all test pipes were run through a simulated reel installation to impose realistic strains on the coating systems before testing. All tested coatings performed according to expectations during the simulated service test. The syntactic systems (PP and PU based) gave gradual decrease in thermal insulation efficiency with time but the reduction was close to linear and can be accounted for in the design. The coating systems based on solid polymer materials did not show the same reduction of thermal insulation properties with time. Tests of natural cool-down performance of the insulated test pipes showed that the cool down times were maintained during the one year simulated service tests. Post-test investigations of the insulation materials did not reveal significant degradation of the materials as result of the tests but coating systems application related defects were identified which had developed over the test period. None of the pre-existing defects developed to such an extent as to affect the overall U-value of the coating system.

Development of an Analytical Tool for the Design of Deep Water Riser/Flow Line Thermal Insulation Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara Williams ◽  
Annette Harte ◽  
Frank Grealish
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Insulation Systems

The offshore oil and gas industry is predicting the discovery of more and more deep water reservoirs. Increased water depths create a requirement for reliable pipelines to economically recover these deep water fields and also to minimize flow assurance problems. Increased flow assurance problems in deeper waters increase the need for thermally insulated pipelines. In this paper we present an overview of the key issues in the analysis and design of thermal insulation systems, identify and discuss how these are addressed by the design tools developed within the DeFRIS project and present results used to validate the algorithms incorporated into the design tool.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document