Developing Performance-Based Classification Rules/Regulatory Guidelines to Improve Effectiveness of Incident Management and Outcome of Disasters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Classification Rules ◽  
Hazard Communication ◽  
The People ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Marine Safety

What was common between the capsizing of the cruise liner Costa Concordia, engine fire on the Carnival Triumph and the sinking of the Deepwater Horizon rig? In all cases, the people impacted did not believe or find that the authorities, whether public or private, were capable of meeting their immediate needs. Consequently, such biases led to collective behavior or ‘herding’ with devastating outcomes. Holding true to its mission of marine safety, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) finds itself in roles of maritime incident management and provider of training for examination of foreign ships carrying U.S. passengers. Also, following land-based costal events such as Hurricane Harvey, the USCG is called upon to perform rescue operations in which risk assessment through effective communication between stakeholders becomes extremely important. Accordingly, this paper proposes a performance-based approach to occupant safety, occupant circulation, and hazard communication so that both classification rules can be developed and guidelines can be proposed for inclusion in the USCG Incident Management Handbook. Advances in the analysis and modelling of the movement of people, especially in building fires, have established the decision-making processes that individuals or groups undergo before reacting to an imminent danger. When a large number of people have a high commitment either to activity or to inactivity, it becomes important that an equilibrium solution is adopted and the resources are allocated accordingly. The author proposes evaluating incident management as a dynamic system. Like any dynamic system, incident management for any disaster, evolves with time in terms of scale, needed inputs and desired outputs. Engineers today have the capability to influence the outputs by establishing protocols for sharing of information and resources among the stakeholders. The author presented a paper on a similar topic at ASME’s Dynamic Systems and Controls Conference (DSCC 2015)3. Paper published with permission.

RESPONSE TO THE GROUNDING OF THE F/V El JYU MARU NO. 211

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Vance Bennett ◽  
Don Noviello
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Spill Site ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Palau ◽  
Marine Safety

ABSTRACT On December 2, 1991, the Japanese fishing vessel Ei Jyu Maru No. 21 ran hard aground near a remote, sparsely populated island in the northern region of the Republic of Palau, a Trust Territory of the United States. The grounding caused fractures in the hull, through which bilge oil, diesel fuel, and lubricating oils leaked out. The spilled oil, and the fuel remaining in the vessel, threatened environmentally sensitive reefs and bird nesting sites on nearby islands. Coast Guard Marine Safety Office Guam and the Coast Guard Pacific Strike Team sent personnel to Palau to mitigate the effects of this spill. The response team, after six weeks of effort under less than ideal conditions, removed the fuel remaining on the vessel and prevented any further pollution. The remote location of Palau, about 7,000 miles from the west coast of the United States, and the undeveloped character of this region of Palau made this response a complex, costly, and time-consuming endeavor. These factors contributed to the problems that hindered this response—for example, long distances between the spill site and support areas, lack of infrastructure at the spill site, unreliable communications systems, and misunderstandings over the role of the Coast Guard.

MEXUSPAC: MEXICO/U.S. PACIFIC REGIONAL RESPONSE COORDINATION TEAM1

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 959-960
Author(s):  
Daniel Whiting
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Marine Safety ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The Agreement of Cooperation Between the United States of America and the United Mexican States Regarding Pollution of the Marine Environment by Discharges of Hydrocarbons and other Hazardous Substances, signed in Mexico City in 1980, provides a framework for cooperation in response to pollution incidents that pose a threat to the waters of both countries. Under this agreement, MEXUSPAC organizes Mexican and U.S. response agencies to plan for and respond to pollution emergencies in the marine environment. The MEXUSPAC contingency plan designates the commandant of the Mexican Second Naval Zone and the chief of the U.S. Coast Guard 11th District Marine Safety Division as the MEXUSPAC Cochairmen, and defines on-scene commanders, joint operations centers, and communications protocols that would be needed to coordinate the response to pollution incidents affecting both countries.

TO BOLDLY GO WHERE NO STATE HAS GONE BEFORE1

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 761-765
Author(s):  
William Boland ◽  
Pete Bontadelli
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Marine Safety

ABSTRACT The Marine Safety Division of the 11th Coast Guard District and the California Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response are pursuing new avenues to assure that federal, state, and local efforts in California achieve the goals of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and the Lempert-Keene-Seastrand Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act of 1990. Coordination of the seven California area committees, publishing detailed area contingency plans, and the implemention of a memorandum of agreement on oil spill prevention and response highlight recent cooperative successes. In 1994 a joint Coast Guard/state/industry incident command system task force drafted an ICS field operations guide and incident action plan forms that meet National Interagency Incident Management System and fire scope ICS requirements.

Wildlife Response Management during a Federal Incident

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 299560
Author(s):  
Rhonda Murgatroyd ◽  
Alexis Kott ◽  
Lawrence Malizzi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
United States Coast Guard ◽  
The People ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Set Up ◽  
South Louisiana

The last days of August 2012 brought Hurricane Isaac's wind and water energy to south Louisiana impacting many parishes with destruction of property and leaving behind severe flooding, making response difficult in some locations. After search and rescue efforts ensuring safety of the people in the areas had been completed, surveys by boat and aircraft began to reveal impacts to wildlife from petroleum product of unknown origin. As in past natural disaster response activations, wildlife professionals expected oil impacted animal cases to remain minimal; however, there was confirmation from some response crews on site that there were in fact affected animals. Given that there was no named Responsible Parties, the United States Coast Guard (USCG), as the Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC), took the lead in activation of the Oil Spill Response Organizations (OSROs) and the wildlife personnel to conduct recovery and rehabilitation efforts in coordination with the State of Louisiana. All costs associated with these activities were covered by the National Pollution Funds Center (NPFC), which is managed by the USCG as promulgated under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90). Wildlife Response Services, Inc. (WRS) supported by Matrix New World Engineering, Inc. (Matrix), was mobilized on September 2, 2012 to set up a Wildlife Rehabilitation Center (Center) in Belle Chase, Louisiana. The Center was set up in the Bricor Trucking Warehouse and the team had the Center operational the morning of September 3, 2013and received its first animal in the afternoon of that same day. During the response the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) was responsible for oiled wildlife recovery and transport to the Center. Over the course of the response 7 live animals were cared for, most of which were cleaned and eventually released back into the wild. The Hurricane Isaac response demonstrated the leadership of the USCG in organizing oiled wildlife recovery and rehabilitation jointly with LDWF and WRS, as well as with the OSROs. This is a model for responses to future natural disasters.

A Thousand Thirsty Beaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Lindquist Dorr
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
The People ◽  
Distilled Spirits ◽  
The U.S

Lisa Lindquist Dorr tells the story of the vast smuggling network that brought high-end distilled spirits and, eventually, other cargoes (including undocumented immigrants) from Great Britain and Europe through Cuba to the United States between 1920 and the end of Prohibition. Because of their proximity to liquor-exporting islands, the numerous beaches along the southern coast presented ideal landing points for smugglers and distribution points for their supply networks. From the warehouses of liquor wholesalers in Havana to the decks of rum runners to transportation networks heading northward, Dorr explores these operations, from the people who ran the trade to the determined efforts of the U.S. Coast Guard and other law enforcement agencies to stop liquor traffic on the high seas, in Cuba, and in southern communities. In the process, she shows the role smuggling played in creating a more transnational, enterprising, and modern South.

Cameo SSC and CAMEO MSO: New Tools for Planning and Initial Response

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen L. Hielscher ◽  
Karl A. Froelich ◽  
Dean H. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Members ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Marine Safety

ABSTRACT The Hazardous Materials Response Branch (HMRB) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has added two new members to the CAMEO (Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations) family of planning and response computer software. CAMEO SSC has taken some of the tools and capabilities from previous CAMEOs and applied them to assist the network of Scientific Support Coordinators (SSC) that HMRB maintains in coastal regions of the United States. CAMEO MSO shares several modules with CAMEO SSC and was designed to be used by U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Offices for planning and for the first stages of oil spill response. These tools can be made available on high-end IBM-compatible machines operating under the Windows environment. This paper describes and demonstrates the principal modules that make up the programs and discusses possible future directions.

Training the Masses: Teaching ICS over the World Wide Web

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
David Anderson ◽  
Mark Dix
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Management System ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Safety ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT In March 2000, instructors from the Marine Safety Port Operations School at the U.S. Coast Guard Training Center Yorktown in Yorktown, Virginia delivered Incident Command System (ICS) 200-level training over the World Wide Web. The ICS Web-based training was part of an ensemble of courses that were offered over the Web to evaluate a software package developed by an independent contractor and to measure the effectiveness of Web-based training in the U.S. Coast Guard. Students throughout the United States, including Alaska, participated in the training using their personal or work computers. A number of students successfully met the objectives of the ICS 200 training without leaving their locale. To evaluate the efficacy of delivery, students were given pretests and posttests to measure their knowledge of ICS both before and after the training. The course consisted of two 4-hour Web-based delivery sessions using the National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS) curriculum for ICS 200. The U.S. Coast Guard adopted NIIMS ICS as the standardized response management system for all Coast Guard response operations and faces the task of providing the appropriate ICS training to all its members. Currently, Coast Guard ICS training is being provided at resident courses within the Coast Guard Marine Safety Schools and by field instructors. The advantages, foibles, and lessons learned from this Web-based training experiment as well as the future of using the Internet for delivery of ICS courses are discussed.

Creation of National Strike Force Center of Expertise: U. S. Coast Guard Deployable Specialized Forces “Stem-to-Stern” Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2527-2539
Author(s):  
Kathryn Campagnini ◽  
Tim Gunter
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
External Assessment ◽  
Force Center ◽  
Stern Review ◽  
Center Of Expertise

Abstract The United States Coast Guard conducted a review of the National Strike Force’s alignment with the Coast Guard organization following direction from Admiral Papp, Commandant of the Coast Guard, for a “Stem to Stern” review of all Deployable Specialized Forces. The Deployable Specialized Force program and its support structure has made significant progress building and sustaining a highly specialized community. Some of these successes include the Incident Management Assist Team. The full purpose and integration of all Deployable Specialized Force units has still not completely achieved full operational capability. One of the recommended courses of action for Coast Guard Deployable Specialized Forces is to maintain proficiency and provide value across the Coast Guard’s mission spectrum included: Establish Centers of Expertise for disaster/incident response with functionality to include standardization teams, external assessment, and Tactics, Techniques and Policy integration. The review concluded that a separate unit should be established to conduct third party assessment of the National Strike Forces’ three Strike Teams. As a result, the National Strike Force Center of Expertise was created under the oversight of the Coast Guard Force Readiness Command. This paper will review the reasons for creation of the National Strike Force Center of Expertise and why it was placed under the Coast Guard Force Readiness Command as a detachment of Training Center Yorktown. Several functional statements of the National Strike Force Center of Expertise will be presented regarding managing environmental response and equipment standardization among the Strike Teams and how the National Strike Force Center of Expertise concept of operations will support future progress for the NSF mission.

IMPROVING MARINE FIREFIGHTING AND SALVAGE RESPONSE USING A NON-REGULATORY APPROACH THROUGH KEY STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-299
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Leonard ◽  
Michael Drieu ◽  
Robert W. Royall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Home Base ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT While catastrophic marine fires are a rare event, minor shipboard fires do have a significant potential for damage and a potential impact on the marine transportation system. As such, it is critical that responders at the federal, state, local, industrial, and contractor levels be trained and prepared to conduct timely operations to mitigate any incidents that occur. Due to the nature of services performed in the firefighting community today (fire suppression, rescue, hazardous materials response, and emergency medical services, to name but a few), time and effort is not always dedicated towards responding to events onboard vessels. As over 70% of fire departments in the United States are volunteer departments, this has the potential to become even more of an issue. In addition, shipboard fires typically require some level of participation from a marine salvor. Depending on the damage to the vessel, this may involve significant salvage activities. The number of salvors scattered throughout the United States is somewhat limited, and their home base locations dictate their response times to specific geographic areas. Critical issues that need to be addressed by senior response managers who may find themselves involved in responding to vessel fires include: 1. Establishment of an effective Unified Command to address all stakeholder issues, 2. Enhancing knowledge of regional capabilities and resources to respond to shipboard fires and resultant salvage activities, 3. Ensuring appropriate training of response personnel that meets recognized standards (such as NFPA 1405), and 4. Developing, exercising, and validating plans to respond to shipboard fires and salvage activities. Efforts throughout the Eighth Coast Guard District over the past several years have begun to address many of these issues, with enhanced incident management training, challenging exercises to validate plans, and extensive workshops to improve responder knowledge being a few of the positive steps. Only by addressing these four critical areas can response managers be assured of an effective and efficient response that would minimize the impact to the marine transportation system.

TERRORISM AND OIL SPILLS: WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW AND HOW WE SHOULD RESPOND1

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 743-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael de Bettencourt
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Incident Command

ABSTRACT An act of terrorism resulting in an oil spill triggers a unique set of response considerations that bring diverse agencies together under crisis conditions. To manage such incidents effectively, a systematic approach is needed to standardize incident response, command, and control methods and to better define the planning process for these demanding scenarios. The National Interagency Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIIMS-ICS) is the common denominator that has been adopted by the United States Coast Guard for oil spill response. This paper highlights recommendations to adopt the NIIMS-ICS nationally for combined law enforcement and environmental response incidents to ensure efficient and effective response methods.

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