Robotic Work Cell Test Bed to Support Measurement Science for Monitoring, Diagnostics, and Prognostics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Klinger ◽  
Brian A. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Work Cell ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Measurement Science ◽  
Cell Test ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness ◽  
Work Cells

Industrial robotics users, integrators, and manufacturers are implementing advanced monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics (collectively known as Prognostics and Health Management (PHM)) techniques and technologies. PHM can take many different forms when implemented, and measures of effectiveness are highly dependent on the techniques implemented. A test bed has been built, and a use case designed, to represent common manufacturing tasks performed in robot work cells where PHM can provide greater equipment and process health intelligence. The physical and functional relationships within the work cell are mapped using a hierarchical deconstruction method to gain a better understanding of the propagation of effects of both equipment and process degradation. The test bed has been built so PHM techniques and technologies can be integrated and tested in a realistic scenario. Data is recorded for post processing and analysis for the verification and validation (V&V) of the implemented PHM techniques. The test bed will serve as a platform to develop, test, verify, and validate PHM techniques at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and provide industry participants a standard platform for testing their PHM technologies. Having a common testing platform will provide industry a foundation for sets of tests to evaluate PHM. This paper presents the test bed and use case, the relationships therein, and the data management and collection approaches used to enable future research.

Hierarchical Decomposition of a Manufacturing Work Cell to Promote Monitoring, Diagnostics, and Prognostics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Weiss ◽  
Guixiu Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Work Cell ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
And Control

Manufacturing work cell operations are typically complex, especially when considering machine tools or industrial robot systems. The execution of these manufacturing operations require the integration of layers of hardware and software. The integration of monitoring, diagnostic, and prognostic technologies (collectively known as prognostics and health management (PHM)) can aid manufacturers in maintaining the performance of machine tools and robot systems by providing intelligence to enhance maintenance and control strategies. PHM can improve asset availability, product quality, and overall productivity. It is unlikely that a manufacturer has the capability to implement PHM in every element of their system. This limitation makes it imperative that the manufacturer understand the complexity of their system. For example, a typical robot systems include a robot, end-effector(s), and any equipment, devices, or sensors required for the robot to perform its task. Each of these elements is bound, both physically and functionally, to one another and thereby holds a measure of influence. This paper focuses on research to decompose a work cell into a hierarchical structure to understand the physical and functional relationships among the system’s critical elements. These relationships will be leveraged to identify areas of risk, which would drive a manufacturer to implement PHM within specific areas.

scholarly journals Update on Giardia: Highlights from the seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
André G. Buret ◽  
Simone M. Cacciò ◽  
Loïc Favennec ◽  
Staffan Svärd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
New Findings

Although Giardia duodenalis is recognized as one of the leading causes of parasitic human diarrhea in the world, knowledge of the mechanisms of infection is limited, as the pathophysiological consequences of infection remain incompletely elucidated. Similarly, the reason for and consequences of the very specific genome-organization in this parasite with 2 active nuclei is only partially known. Consistent with its tradition, the 7th International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference (IGCC 2019) was held from June 23 to 26, 2019, at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Rouen-Normandie, France, to discuss current research perspectives in the field. This renowned event brought together an international delegation of researchers to present and debate recent advances and identify the main research themes and knowledge gaps. The program for this interdisciplinary conference included all aspects of host-parasite relationships, from basic research to applications in human and veterinary medicine, as well as the environmental issues raised by water-borne parasites and their epidemiological consequences. With regard to Giardia and giardiasis, the main areas of research for which new findings and the most impressive communications were presented and discussed included: parasite ecology and epidemiology of giardiasis, Giardia-host interactions, and cell biology of Giardia, genomes and genomic evolution. The high-quality presentations discussed at the Conference noted breakthroughs and identified new opportunities that will inspire researchers and funding agencies to stimulate future research in a “one health” approach to improve basic knowledge and clinical and public health management of zoonotic giardiasis.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing the Digital Sharing Economy in the Context of Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Pouri ◽  
Lorenz M. Hilty
Keyword(s):  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Current Production ◽  
The Common ◽  
Structural Impacts ◽  
Practical Implications

Human society is increasingly influencing the planet and its environmental systems. The existing environmental problems indicate that current production and consumption patterns are not sustainable. Despite the remarkable opportunities brought about by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve the resource efficiency of production and consumption processes, it seems that the overall trend is still not heading towards sustainability. By promoting the utilization of available and underused resources, the ICT-enabled sharing economy has transformed, and even in some cases disrupted, the prevailing patterns of production and consumption, raising questions about opportunities and risks of shared consumption modes for sustainability. The present article attempts to conceptualize the sustainability implications of today’s sharing economy. We begin with presenting a definition for the digital sharing economy that embraces the common features of its various forms. Based on our proposed definition, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the digital sharing economy as a use case of ICT. The analysis is deepened by applying the life-cycle/enabling/structural impacts model of ICT effects to this use case. As a result, we show the various positive and negative potentials of digital sharing for sustainability at different system levels. While it is too early to project well-founded scenarios to describe the sustainability status of digital sharing, the implications discussed in our work may help outlining future research and policies in this area.

scholarly journals Using Tertiary Sulci to Map the “Cognitive Globe” of Prefrontal Cortex

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Miller ◽  
Mark D'Esposito ◽  
Kevin S. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
And Function

Stuss considered the human prefrontal cortex (pFC) as a “cognitive globe” [Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 3–28, 1984] on which functions of the frontal lobe could be mapped. Here, we discuss classic and recent findings regarding the evolution, development, function, and cognitive role of shallow indentations or tertiary sulci in pFC, with the goal of using tertiary sulci to map the “cognitive globe” of pFC. First, we discuss lateral pFC (LPFC) tertiary sulci in classical anatomy and modern neuroimaging, as well as their development, with a focus on those within the middle frontal gyrus. Second, we discuss tertiary sulci in comparative neuroanatomy, focusing on primates. Third, we summarize recent findings showing the utility of tertiary sulci for understanding structural–functional relationships with functional network insights in ventromedial pFC and LPFC. Fourth, we revisit and update unresolved theoretical perspectives considered by C. Vogt and O. Vogt (Allgemeinere ergebnisse unserer hirnforschung. Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie, 25, 279–462, 1919) and F. Sanides (Structure and function of the human frontal lobe. Neuropsychologia, 2, 209–219, 1964) that tertiary sulci serve as landmarks for cortical gradients. Together, the consideration of these classic and recent findings indicate that tertiary sulci are situated in a unique position within the complexity of the “cognitive globe” of pFC: They are the smallest and shallowest of sulci in pFC, yet can offer insights that bridge spatial scales (microns to networks), modalities (functional connectivity to behavior), and species. As such, the map of tertiary sulci within each individual participant serves as a coordinate system specific to that individual on which functions may be further mapped. We conclude with new theoretical and methodological questions that, if answered in future research, will likely lead to mechanistic insight regarding the structure and function of human LPFC.

scholarly journals Leveraging the signature of heterotrophic respiration on atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> for model benchmarking

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Basile ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
William R. Wieder ◽  
Melannie D. Hartman ◽  
Gretchen Keppel-Aleks
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tracer Transport ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Soil Heterotrophic Respiration

Abstract. Spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) reflect large-scale net carbon exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems. Soil heterotrophic respiration (HR) is one of the component fluxes that drive this net exchange, but, given observational limitations, it is difficult to quantify this flux or to evaluate global-scale model simulations thereof. Here, we show that atmospheric CO2 can provide a useful constraint on large-scale patterns of soil heterotrophic respiration. We analyze three soil model configurations (CASA-CNP, MIMICS, and CORPSE) that simulate HR fluxes within a biogeochemical test bed that provides each model with identical net primary productivity (NPP) and climate forcings. We subsequently quantify the effects of variation in simulated terrestrial carbon fluxes (NPP and HR from the three soil test-bed models) on atmospheric CO2 distributions using a three-dimensional atmospheric tracer transport model. Our results show that atmospheric CO2 observations can be used to identify deficiencies in model simulations of the seasonal cycle and interannual variability in HR relative to NPP. In particular, the two models that explicitly simulated microbial processes (MIMICS and CORPSE) were more variable than observations at interannual timescales and showed a stronger-than-observed temperature sensitivity. Our results prompt future research directions to use atmospheric CO2, in combination with additional constraints on terrestrial productivity or soil carbon stocks, for evaluating HR fluxes.

scholarly journals Functional Relationships between Lipid Metabolism and Liver Regeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Rudnick ◽  
Nicholas O. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hepatic Regeneration ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Experimental Model Systems

The regenerative capacity of the liver is well known, and the mechanisms that regulate this process have been extensively studied using experimental model systems including surgical resection and hepatotoxin exposure. The response to primary mitogens has also been used to investigate the regulation of hepatocellular proliferation. Such analyses have identified many specific cytokines and growth factors, intracellular signaling events, and transcription factors that are regulated during and necessary for normal liver regeneration. Nevertheless, the nature and identities of the most proximal events that initiate hepatic regeneration as well as those distal signals that terminate this process remain unknown. Here, we review the data implicating acute alterations in lipid metabolism as important determinants of experimental liver regeneration and propose a novel metabolic model of regeneration based on these data. We also discuss the association between chronic hepatic steatosis and impaired regeneration in animal models and humans and consider important areas for future research.

scholarly journals Cost of Waiting on an Orthopaedic Waiting List: a scoping review

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Morris ◽  
Asterie Twizeyemariya ◽  
Karen Grimmer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patient Journey ◽  
The Impact

Background: Approximately 30% Australians suffer from arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders. From 2003-2033 there is a predicted 223% increase in expenditure on health management of musculoskeletal disorders. There is evidence of increasing prevalence of orthopaedic complaints, in longer waiting lists for specialist consultations in public hospital outpatient clinics. Little is known about the costs and ramifications of waiting for orthopaedic consultations. Aim: Establish what is known about the direct and indirect costs of being placed on a waiting list for an orthopaedic consultation. Method: Patient and Outcome search strategy of Medline, Embase, Pubmed, NHS Economic evaluation database (NHS-EED) from each database inception date. Handsearching of reference lists of included papers alsooccurred. A realist synthesis framework underpinned the review, using a ubiquitous patient journey to map available literature on the impact of waiting. Hierarchy of evidence was reported using NHMRC criteria andarticles critically appraised using either the PEDRo or CASP criteria (relevant to the design). A purpose-built data extraction instrument was developed. Results: We identified 786 studies, of which 139 were relevant, including a systematic review (Hoogeboom et al) with 15 included articles which were added to the list of eligible papers (and the review itself deleted), leaving 153 included articles; 17 were relevant to the review. Fourteen papers reported on quality of life and four reported on costs, two of these papers reported on both and all were of low to moderate quality. The research was not based on a comprehensive understanding of the stages of waiting, and there were inconclusive outcomes for quality of life and cost. Conclusion: There is scant evidence of the impact on quality of life and costs of waiting for orthopaedic outpatient appointments. Future research should aim for improved methodological quality and use patientfocused quality of life measures, and validated measures of cost. Abbreviations: NHMRC – National Health and Medical Research Council; PROMS – Patient Related Outcome Measures; QoL – Quality of Life; WOMAC – Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; YLD – Years Lived With Disability

scholarly journals Bioinformatics: scope and challenges in aquaculture research of Bangladesh- a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
KMS Rana ◽  
K Ahammad ◽  
MA Salam
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
National Level ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set

Bioinformatics is one of the ongoing trends of biological research integrating gene based information and computational technology to produce new knowledge. It works to synthesize complex biological information from multiomics data (results of high throughput technologies) by employing a number of bioinformatics tools (software). User convenience and availability are the determining factors of these tools being widely used in bioinformatics research. BLAST, FASTA (FAST-All), EMBOSS, ClustalW, RasMol and Protein Explorer, Cn3D, Swiss PDB viewer, Hex, Vega, Bioeditor etc. are commonly operated bioinformatics software tools in fisheries and aquaculture research. By default, these software tools mine and analyze a vast biological data set using the available databases. However, aquaculture scientists can use bioinformatics for genomic data manipulation, genome annotation and expression profiling, molecular folding, modeling, and design as well as generating biological network and system biology. Therefore, they can contribute in specified fields of aquaculture such as disease diagnosis and aquatic health management, fish nutritional aspects and culture-able strain development. Although having huge prospects, Bangladesh is still in infancy of applying bioinformatics in aquaculture research with limited resources. Research council at national level should be formed to bring all the enthusiastic scientists and skilled manpower under a single umbrella and facilitate to contribute in a collaborative platform. Besides, fully-fledged bioinformatics degree should be launched at University levels to produce knowledgeable and trained work force for future research. This review was attempted to shed light on bioinformatics, as young integrated field of bio-computational research, and its significance in aquaculture research of Bangladesh. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 137-145, December 2020

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