Scalable Plasmonic Nanolithography: Prototype System Design and Construction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Mohamed E. Saad ◽  
Kang Ni ◽  
Yen Chi Chang ◽  
Cheng-Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Nanoscale Metrology ◽  
And Control ◽  
Next Generation Lithography ◽  
Plasmonic Nanolithography

Maskless nanolithography is an agile and cost effective approach if their throughputs can be scaled for mass production purposes. Using plasmonic nanolithography (PNL) approach, direct pattern writing was successfully demonstrated with around 20 nm half-pitch at high speed. Here, we report our recent efforts of implementing a high-throughput PNL prototype system with unique metrology and control features, which are designed to use an array of plasmonic lenses to pattern sub-100 nm features on a rotating substrate. Taking the advantage of air bearing surface techniques, the system can expose the wafer pixel by pixel with a speed of ∼10 m/s, much faster than any conventional scanning based lithography system. It is a low-cost, high-throughput maskless approach for the next generation lithography and also for the emerging nanotechnology applications, such as nanoscale metrology and imaging.

Plasmonic Nanofocusing in Deep and Extreme Sub-Wavelength Scale for Scalable Nanolithography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhidong Du ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Liang Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Wavelength Scale ◽  
Plasmonic Nanofocusing ◽  
Nanoscale Metrology ◽  
Next Generation Lithography ◽  
Plasmonic Nanolithography

Maskless nanolithography is an agile and cost effective approach if their throughputs can be scaled for mass production purposes. Using plasmonic nanolithography approach, direct pattern writing was successfully demonstrated with 22 nm half-pitch at high speed. Plasmonic nanolithography uses an array of plasmonic lenses to directly pattern features on a rotating substrate. Taking the advantage of air bearing surface techniques, the system can expose the wafer pixel by pixel with a speed of ∼10 m/s, much faster than any conventional scanning based lithography system. It is a low-cost, high-throughput maskless approach for the next generation lithography and also for the emerging nanotechnology applications, such as nanoscale metrology and imaging. A critical part of the PNL is to use plasmonic lens to deliver highly concentrated optical power at nanoscale. We have demonstrated such nanoscale process and achieved 22 nm resolution. Here, we report our recent efforts of designing new plasmonic nanofocusing structures that is capable of achieving optical confinement below 20 nm which can potentially support direct patterning at sub-10nm resolution.

The role of hybrid computers in simulation and control

SIMULATION ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analog Computer ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Specialized Technique ◽  
Hybrid Computer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

This paper discusses the present atzd futtsre of hybrid computation: Has it reached its zenith, or will it continue to develop as a powerful but specialized technique? The minicomputer has made current hybrid systems practical by providing a low-cost digital component. Unless the cost of the analog computer is reduced, the increasing power and decreasing cost of the minicomputer may severely limit future hybrid computer usage by providing an economic all-digital alternative. However, problems with alternative solution techniques indicate that for some important applications the hybrid computer will be the most cost- effective approach.

scholarly journals A V-SLAM Guided and Portable System for Photogrammetric Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Alessandro Torresani ◽  
Fabio Menna ◽  
Roberto Battisti ◽  
Fabio Remondino
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Motion Blur ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Slam Algorithm

Mobile and handheld mapping systems are becoming widely used nowadays as fast and cost-effective data acquisition systems for 3D reconstruction purposes. While most of the research and commercial systems are based on active sensors, solutions employing only cameras and photogrammetry are attracting more and more interest due to their significantly minor costs, size and power consumption. In this work we propose an ARM-based, low-cost and lightweight stereo vision mobile mapping system based on a Visual Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (V-SLAM) algorithm. The prototype system, named GuPho (Guided Photogrammetric System) also integrates an in-house guidance system which enables optimized image acquisitions, robust management of the cameras and feedback on positioning and acquisition speed. The presented results show the effectiveness of the developed prototype in mapping large scenarios, enabling motion blur prevention, robust camera exposure control and achieving accurate 3D results.

scholarly journals Protection of computers from side electromagnetic radiation during monitor images formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Volodymyr M. Lucenko ◽  
Dmytro O. Progonov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Communication Lines

Reliable protection of confidential data processed in critical information infrastructure elements of public institutions and private organizations is topical task today. Of particular interest are methods to prevent the leakage of confidential data by localizing informative (dangerous) signals that both carry an informative component, and have a signal level higher than predefined threshold. The increase in signal energy from personal computers is caused by increasing of its transistors switching speed. Modern passive shielding methods for secured computers, similar to the well-known program TEMPEST, require either costly and large shielding units or technological simplification by using of low-cost fragmentary shielding of computer’s individual elements. Therefore, localization of side electromagnetic radiation produced by personal computer is needed. The paper presents a cost-effective approach to reducing the level of computer’s electromagnetic radiation by passive method. The radiation are localized and measured by its estimation on personal computer’s elements, namely unshielded communication lines between video processor and a monitor, fragments of electric tracks on motherboards, etc. During experiments authors used ad-hoc miniature electric (ball antenna) and magnetic (Hall sensor) antennas connected to selective voltmeters. This approach significantly reduces the cost of equipment and measurements as well as requirements to analytics’ qualification for improving computer’s protection. Also, the alternative approach for computer protection is proposed. The approach is based on image content protection by distorting the image on the monitor instead of reducing electromagnetic radiation caused by signals from the monitor. The protection includes image scrambling using Arnold transform that randomly “shuffle” the lines in each frame.

Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga Wires with Fiber Texture

2008 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Patrick Farrell ◽  
Patti E. Quigley ◽  
Kyle J. Avery ◽  
Tim D. Hatchard ◽  
Stephanie E Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Saturation Field ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Wire Method ◽  
Deformation Processes

AbstractRecently, low-cost processing approaches that produce textured thin bodies have engendered interest as cost-effective approaches for fabrication of magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys. In particular, wire-forming methods that strictly control the solidification direction could lead to some measure of crystallographic texture control. This is critical for development of large magnetostriction in polycrystals and for use of the alloys in actuators, sensors, energy harvesters and other systems. Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga wires have been prepared using an innovative cost-effective approach – based on the Taylor wire method – that combines rapid solidification and deformation processes. The procedure for making magnetostrictive wires is discussed and the wires are evaluated in terms of microstructure, crystallographic texture and magnetostriction. Results show that the Taylor-based approach is an effective and versatile means to draw 1-3 mm diameter textured Fe-Ga wire. Experimentation on the influence of drawing technique and quench conditions on texture development resulted with production of a strong <100> fiber texture in the Fe-Ga wire. Magnetostriction measurements, in the absence of prestress, indicated a maximum magnetostriction of ˜165 ppm in a saturation field of less than 200 mTesla. This is considered a significant strain for bulk polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloys without a pre-stress or a stress-annealing treatment. The unique properties of wires made with the Taylor-based approach coupled with the low intrinsic cost make this an attractive approach for production of textured magnetostrictive wire for a variety of applications.

Ethernet Passive Optical Networks

2009 ◽  
pp. 482-488
Author(s):  
Mário M. Freire ◽  
Paulo P. Monteiro ◽  
Henrique J.A. da Silva ◽  
José Ruela
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Multipoint Control ◽  
Upstream Direction ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Ethernet Passive Optical Networks

Recently, Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) have received a great amount of interest as a promising cost-effective solution for next-generation high-speed access networks. This is confirmed by the formation of several fora and working groups that contribute to their development, namely the EPON Forum (http://www. ieeecommunities.org/epon), the Ethernet in the First Mile Alliance (http://www.efmalliance.org), and the IEEE 802.3ah working group (http://www.ieee802. org/3/efm), which is responsible for the standardization process. EPONs are a simple, inexpensive, and scalable solution for high-speed residential access capable of delivering voice, high-speed data, and multimedia services to end users (Kramer, Mukherjee, & Maislos, 2003; Kramer & Pesavento, 2002; Lorenz, Rodrigues, & Freire, 2004; McGarry, Maier, & Reisslein, 2004; Pesavento, 2003). An EPON combines the transport of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet frames over a low-cost and broadband point-to-multipoint passive optical fibre infrastructure connecting the optical line terminal (OLT) located at the central office to optical network units (ONUs) usually located at the subscriber premises. In the downstream direction, the EPON behaves as a broadcast and select shared medium, with Ethernet frames transmitted by the OLT reaching every ONU. In the upstream direction, Ethernet frames transmitted by each ONU will only reach the OLT, but an arbitration mechanism is required to avoid collisions. This article provides an overview of EPONs focused several issues: EPON architecture, multipoint control protocol (MPCP), quality of service (QoS), and operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) capability of EPONs.

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective Embedded Platform for Greenhouse Environment Control and Remote Monitoring

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu L. Sumalan ◽  
Nicoleta Stroia ◽  
Daniel Moga ◽  
Vlad Muresan ◽  
Alexandru Lodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Embedded Platform ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the development of a cost-effective automatic system for greenhouse environment control. The architectural and functional features were analyzed in the context of the realization of a controlled-environment agricultural system through all its stages: installation, deployment of the software, integration, maintenance, crop control strategy setup and daily operation of the grower. The proposed embedded platform provides remote monitoring and control of the greenhouse environment and is implemented as a distributed sensing and control network integrating wired and wireless nodes. All nodes were built with low-cost, low-power microcontrollers. The key issues that were addressed include the energy-efficient control, the robustness of the distributed control network to faults and a low-cost hardware implementation. The translation of the supervisory growth-planning information to the operational (control network) level is achieved through a specific architecture residing on a crop planning module (CPM) and an interfacing block (IB). A suite of software applications with flows and interfaces developed from a grower-centric perspective was designed and implemented on a multi-tier architecture. The operation of the platform was validated through implementation of sensing and control nodes, application of software for configuration and visualization, and deployment in typical greenhouses.

Enhanced Air-Gap Control for High-Speed Plasmonic Lithography Using Solid Immersion Lens With Sharp-Ridge Nanoaperture

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Hwang ◽  
Won-Sup Lee ◽  
No-Cheol Park ◽  
Hyunseok Yang ◽  
Young-Pil Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Field Region ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Gap Control

Recently, plasmonic nanolithography is studied by many researchers (1, 2 and 3). This presented a low-cost and high-throughput approach to maskless nanolithography technique that uses a metallic sharp-ridge nanoaperture with a high strong nanometer-sized optical spot induced by surface plasmon resonance. However, these nanometer-scale spots generated by metallic nanoapertures are formed in only the near-field region, which makes it very difficult to pattern above the photoresist surface at high-speeds.

scholarly journals An Effective Water Management Framework Based on Internet of Things (IOT) Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Moses Odiagbe ◽  
Emmanuel Majeyibo Eronu ◽  
Farouq E. Shaibu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Rate Sensor ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effective Water

The low cost effective wireless sensor network that The low cost effective wireless sensor network that allows for embedded system to monitor and control virtually any space and environment and to form the so called Internet of Things or Internet of Everything. The research work is intended to address a general problem associated with effective water utilization management, among others is the issue of water leakages, there is the need to effectively detect cases of leakages and address them appropriately. However, the sensitivity of the flow rate sensors used poses a number of challenges, hence the need to setup an appropriate calibration scheme that will allows for the flow rate sensor, effective adoption and usage ,isolating false alarm due to deficiencies associated with operation of the flow rate sensor as well as detecting leakages  . A frame work build around a flow rate sensor, solenoid valve, a microcontroller equipped with internet connectivity and a log in service monitoring and control platform on the cloud is used. Several simulated tests were carried out to explore a number of leakage scenarios. Based on the analysed data obtained overtime, appropriate algorithms were developed to allow for quick detection, remote monitoring and control of deduced cases of leakages. The work has significantly addressed the challenges poses to the effect leakages with the adopted framework.

scholarly journals Architecture and implementation of a high frame-rate stereo vision system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamin Islam
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Stereo Vision ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
High Frame Rate ◽  
Stereo Vision System

For the purpose of autonomous satellite grasping, a high-speed, low-cost stereo vision system is required with high accuracy. This type of system must be able to detect an object and estimate its range. Hardware solutions are often chosen over software solutions, which tend to be too slow for high frame-rate applications. Designs utilizing field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provide flexibility and are cost effective versus solutions that provide similar performance (i.e., Application Specific Integrated Circuits). This thesis presents the architecture and implementation of a high frame-rate stereo vision system based on an FPGA platform. The system acquires stereo images, performs stereo rectification and generates disparity estimates at frame-rates close to 100 fpSi and on a large-enough FPGA, it can process 200 fps. The implementation presents novelties in performance and in the choice of the algorithm implemented. It achieves superior performance to existing systems that estimate scene depth. Furthermore, it demonstrates equivalent accuracy to software implementations of the dynamic programming maximum likelihood stereo correspondence algorithm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document