Surface Replication and Structural Development in Micromolding for Micro/Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ito ◽  
K. Kazama ◽  
T. Kikutani
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Micro Features

Micromolding with micro-scale surface features of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) / polypropylene (PP) composites with different h-BN component was performed to improve molded parts’ heat diffusivity and processability. Effects of h-BN content and process parameters on processability, higher-order structure, and microscale surface patterns of molded parts were analyzed using SEM, WAXD, SPM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The replication ratio of the microscale surface pattern and flow length of composite molded parts was improved by compounding the h-BN filler. The replication ratio of the microscale surface pattern near the flow end became greater than 1.0 because of deformation of surface patterns during de-molding. The replication ratio and shape of surface patterns of molded parts were improved with the increase of the h-BN component. The h-BN platelet oriented inside surface micro-features; skin-shear-core structures were well observed in the molded parts.

scholarly journals Multiple Roles of Biosurfactants in Structural Biofilm Development by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 2531-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sünje Johanna Pamp ◽  
Tim Tolker-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Later Phase

ABSTRACT Recent studies have indicated that biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a role both in maintaining channels between multicellular structures in biofilms and in dispersal of cells from biofilms. Through the use of flow cell technology and enhanced confocal laser scanning microscopy, we have obtained results which suggest that the biosurfactants produced by P. aeruginosa play additional roles in structural biofilm development. We present genetic evidence that during biofilm development by P. aeruginosa, biosurfactants promote microcolony formation in the initial phase and facilitate migration-dependent structural development in the later phase. P. aeruginosa rhlA mutants, deficient in synthesis of biosurfactants, were not capable of forming microcolonies in the initial phase of biofilm formation. Experiments involving two-color-coded mixed-strain biofilms showed that P. aeruginosa rhlA mutants were defective in migration-dependent development of mushroom-shaped multicellular structures in the later phase of biofilm formation. Experiments involving three-color-coded mixed-strain P. aeruginosa biofilms demonstrated that the wild-type and rhlA and pilA mutant strains formed distinct subpopulations on top of each other dependent on their ability to migrate and produce biosurfactants.

Unique geometry of actin-membrane anchorage sites in avian gizzard smooth muscle cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-711
Author(s):  
A. Draeger ◽  
E.H. Stelzer ◽  
M. Herzog ◽  
J.V. Small
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dense Bodies

Adherens junctions in isolated avian gizzard smooth muscle cells appear as short longitudinal streaks or chevrons that are arranged in periodic, mainly transverse bands along the cell surface. This barrel-like geometry, revealed by antibodies to either vinculin or talin, was seen also in teased gizzard strips by confocal laser-scanning microscopy and contrasted with the rib-like surface pattern observed here and previously in other avian and mammalian smooth muscles. There were on average 67 transverse bands per gizzard cell and an estimated total of around 800 vinculin/talin sites. The longitudinal spacing between the transverse bands of vinculin streaks in the gizzard cells changed from 4–5 microns in extended cells to around 1 micron in shortened cells and the bands remained essentially transverse at all cell lengths, inconsistent with a screw-like mode of cell shortening as has been invoked for smooth muscle cells by others. The absence of rotation on shortening was confirmed by observations on isolated and bead-decorated skinned cells that were induced to contract with ATP. Counterlabelling of cells with alpha-actinin antibodies produced more or less exclusive staining of the cytoplasmic dense bodies, and little surface label: the total number of dense bodies per cell, estimated from confocal microscope through focal series was in the range of 3000. The data are consistent with a periodic anchorage of actin filaments to the cell surface and, in turn, with the existence of regularly spaced contractile assemblies.

3-D imaging of cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope and digital image processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Jovin ◽  
Michel Robert-Nicoud ◽  
Donna J. Arndt-Jovin ◽  
Thorsten Schormann
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Light microscopic techniques for visualizing biomolecules and biochemical processes in situ have become indispensable in studies concerning the structural organization of supramolecular assemblies in cells and of processes during the cell cycle, transformation, differentiation, and development. Confocal laser scanning microscopy offers a number of advantages for the in situ localization and quantitation of fluorescence labeled targets and probes: (i) rejection of interfering signals emanating from out-of-focus and adjacent structures, allowing the “optical sectioning” of the specimen and 3-D reconstruction without time consuming deconvolution; (ii) increased spatial resolution; (iii) electronic control of contrast and magnification; (iv) simultanous imaging of the specimen by optical phenomena based on incident, scattered, emitted, and transmitted light; and (v) simultanous use of different fluorescent probes and types of detectors.We currently use a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM (Zeiss, Oberkochen) equipped with 3-laser excitation (u.v - visible) and confocal optics in the fluorescence mode, as well as a computer-controlled X-Y-Z scanning stage with 0.1 μ resolution.

Vacuoles Induced in Mammalian Cells by Helicobacter Cytotoxin are Acidic Organelles

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
M. H. Chestnut ◽  
C. E. Catrenich
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Gastroduodenal Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive, Gram-negative spiral bacterium first identified in 1983, and subsequently implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Cytotoxic activity, manifested by intracytoplasmic vacuolation of mammalian cells in vitro, was identified in 55% of H. pylori strains examined. The vacuoles increase in number and size during extended incubation, resulting in vacuolar and cellular degeneration after 24 h to 48 h. Vacuolation of gastric epithelial cells is also observed in vivo during infection by H. pylori. A high molecular weight, heat labile protein is believed to be responsible for vacuolation and to significantly contribute to the development of gastroduodenal disease in humans. The mechanism by which the cytotoxin exerts its effect is unknown, as is the intracellular origin of the vacuolar membrane and contents. Acridine orange is a membrane-permeant weak base that initially accumulates in low-pH compartments. We have used acridine orange accumulation in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy of toxin-treated cells to begin probing the nature and origin of these vacuoles.

Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and a computer model to understand ink cavitation and filamentation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
HANNA KOIVULA ◽  
DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD ◽  
MARTTI TOIVAKKA
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Printing Speed

In the offset printing process, ink film splitting has an important impact on formation of ink filaments. The filament size and its distribution influence the leveling of ink and hence affect ink setting and the print quality. However, ink filaments are difficult to image due to their short lifetime and fine length scale. Due to this difficulty, limited work has been reported on the parameters that influence filament size and methods to characterize it. We imaged ink filament remains and quantified some of their characteristics by changing printing speed, ink amount, and fountain solution type. Printed samples were prepared using a laboratory printability tester with varying ink levels and operating settings. Rhodamine B dye was incorporated into fountain solutions to aid in the detection of the filaments. The prints were then imaged with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and images were further analyzed for their surface topography. Modeling of the pressure pulses in the printing nip was included to better understand the mechanism of filament formation and the origin of filament length scale. Printing speed and ink amount changed the size distribution of the observed filament remains. There was no significant difference between fountain solutions with or without isopropyl alcohol on the observed patterns of the filament remains.

ACTIVATED SLUDGE FLOC CHARACTERIZATION BY CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Szilveszter ◽  
Botond Raduly ◽  
Szilard Bucs ◽  
Beata Abraham ◽  
Szabolcs Lanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser

Cuticular structures in the copulatory apparatus of Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E.V. Soldatenko ◽  
A.A. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Copulatory Apparatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cuticular Structures

The morphology of the copulatory apparatus and associated cuticular structures in Planorbis planorbis was studied by light microscopy, SEM, TEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The significance of these cuticular structures for the taxonomic status of the species and for the systematics of the family Planorbidae in general is discussed.

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