Haptic-Based Product Prototyping and Virtual Sculpting Using Visibility Sphere Marching Algorithm in Constructing Polyhedral Models

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihang Zhu ◽  
Yuan-Shin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Polyhedral Surface ◽  
Hole Filling ◽  
Floor Covering ◽  
Volume Model ◽  
Virtual Sculpting ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Volume Models

This paper presents a visibility sphere marching algorithm of constructing polyhedral models from Dexel volume models in haptic virtual sculpting for virtual prototyping and manufacturing. This paper presents a top-down approach in analyzing the conversion problem. The proposed visibility sphere marching algorithm is composed of 3 sub-algorithms: roof and floor covering, wall-building and hole-filling algorithms. Dexel volume model is used as the in-process model representation during interactive modification in a virtual sculpting system. The stock material represented in Dexel volume model is sculpted into a designed model using a developed haptic sculpting system. The sculpted Dexel volume model can be converted to polyhedral surface model in STL format by the proposed visibility sphere marching algorithm. Polyhedral surface model can then be input to and processed by available CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing) or RP (Rapid Prototyping) systems. The presented technique can be used in virtual sculpting, CAD/CAM, NC (numerically-controlled) machining verification, and rapid prototyping.

scholarly journals Real Color Model of a Cadaver for Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4999
Author(s):  
Chung-Yoh Kim ◽  
Jin-Seo Park ◽  
Beom-Sun Chung
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Target Point ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Volume Model ◽  
Segmented Images ◽  
Volume Models ◽  
Deep Brain

When performing deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus, practitioners should interpret the magnetic resonance images (MRI) correctly so they can place the DBS electrode accurately at the target without damaging the other structures. The aim of this study is to provide a real color volume model of a cadaver head that would help medical students and practitioners to better understand the sectional anatomy of DBS surgery. Sectioned images of a cadaver head were reconstructed into a real color volume model with a voxel size of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm. According to preoperative MRIs and postoperative computed tomographys (CT) of 31 patients, a virtual DBS electrode was rendered on the volume model of a cadaver. The volume model was sectioned at the classical and oblique planes to produce real color images. In addition, segmented images of a cadaver head were formed into volume models. On the classical and oblique planes, the anatomical structures around the course of the DBS electrode were identified. The entry point, waypoint, target point, and nearby structures where the DBS electrode could be misplaced were also elucidated. The oblique planes could be understood concretely by comparing the volume model of the sectioned images with that of the segmented images. The real color and high resolution of the volume model enabled observations of minute structures even on the oblique planes. The volume models can be downloaded by users to be correlated with other patients’ data for grasping the anatomical orientation.

scholarly journals Comparative Performance of Surrogate-Assisted MOEAs for Geometrical Design of Pin-Fin Heat Sinks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwadol Kanyakam ◽  
Sujin Bureerat
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Geometrical Design ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
Multiobjective Design

This paper presents the comparative performance of several surrogate-assisted multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) for geometrical design of a pin-fin heat sink (PFHS). The surrogate-assisted MOEAs are achieved by integrating multiobjective population-based incremental learning (PBIL) with a quadratic response surface model (QRS), a radial-basis function (RBF) interpolation technique, and a Kriging (KRG) or Gaussian process model. The mixed integer/continuous multiobjective design problem of PFHS with the objective to minimise junction temperature and fan pumping power simultaneously is posed. The optimum results obtained from using the original multiobjective PBIL and the three versions of hybrid PBIL are compared. It is shown that the hybrid PBIL using KRG is the best performer. The hybrid PBILs require less number of function evaluations to surpass the original PBIL.

scholarly journals 3D MODELLING AND RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR CARDIOVASCULAR SURGICAL PLANNING – TWO CASE STUDIES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 887-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nocerino ◽  
F. Remondino ◽  
F. Uccheddu ◽  
M. Gallo ◽  
G. Gerosa
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Medical Imagery

In the last years, cardiovascular diagnosis, surgical planning and intervention have taken advantages from 3D modelling and rapid prototyping techniques. The starting data for the whole process is represented by medical imagery, in particular, but not exclusively, computed tomography (CT) or multi-slice CT (MCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On the medical imagery, regions of interest, i.e. heart chambers, valves, aorta, coronary vessels, etc., are segmented and converted into 3D models, which can be finally converted in physical replicas through 3D printing procedure. In this work, an overview on modern approaches for automatic and semiautomatic segmentation of medical imagery for 3D surface model generation is provided. The issue of accuracy check of surface models is also addressed, together with the critical aspects of converting digital models into physical replicas through 3D printing techniques. A patient-specific 3D modelling and printing procedure (Figure 1), for surgical planning in case of complex heart diseases was developed. The procedure was applied to two case studies, for which MCT scans of the chest are available. In the article, a detailed description on the implemented patient-specific modelling procedure is provided, along with a general discussion on the potentiality and future developments of personalized 3D modelling and printing for surgical planning and surgeons practice.

Engineering and Technology Based on Rapid Prototyping

2015 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Saprikin ◽  
E.A. Ibragimov ◽  
E.V. Babakova
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Technology Cad

In the process of design and product development, prototyping model is an important step to finalize the product. Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a technology of product synthesis layer deposition material. The method was developed in the early 1980s as a consequence of the enormous growth of automation systems design and technology (CAD / CAM). The prototype of a complex solid model to determine the final appearance of the product, evaluate the assemblability of products, etc.

scholarly journals Combination of Multi-Temporal Sentinel 2 Images and Aerial Image Based Canopy Height Models for Timber Volume Modelling

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schumacher ◽  
Margret Rattay ◽  
Melanie Kirchhöfer ◽  
Petra Adler ◽  
Gerald Kändler
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Timber Volume ◽  
Volume Model ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Conifer Trees ◽  
Volume Models ◽  
Sentinel 2

Multi-temporal Sentinel 2 optical images and 3D photogrammetric point clouds can be combined to enhance the accuracy of timber volume models on large spatial scale. Information on the proportion of broadleaf and conifer trees improves timber volume models obtained from 3D photogrammetric point clouds. However, the broadleaf-conifer information cannot be obtained from photogrammetric point clouds alone. Furthermore, spectral information of aerial images is too inconsistent to be used for automatic broadleaf-conifer classification over larger areas. In this study we combined multi-temporal Sentinel 2 optical satellite images, 3D photogrammetric point clouds from digital aerial stereo photographs, and forest inventory plots representing an area of 35,751 km2 in south-west Germany for (1) modelling the percentage of broadleaf tree volume (BL%) using Sentinel 2 time series and (2) modelling timber volume per hectare using 3D photogrammetric point clouds. Forest inventory plots were surveyed in the same years and regions as stereo photographs were acquired (2013–2017), resulting in 11,554 plots. Sentinel 2 images from 2016 and 2017 were corrected for topographic and atmospheric influences and combined with the same forest inventory plots. Spectral variables from corrected multi-temporal Sentinel 2 images were calculated, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) regressions were fitted for each Sentinel 2 scene estimating the BL% for corresponding inventory plots. Variables from the photogrammetric point clouds were calculated for each inventory plot and a non-linear regression model predicting timber volume per hectare was fitted. Each SVM regression and the timber volume model were evaluated using ten-fold cross-validation (CV). The SVM regression models estimating the BL% per Sentinel 2 scene achieved overall accuracies of 68%–75% and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 21.5–26.1. The timber volume model showed a RMSE% of 31.7%, a mean bias of 0.2%, and a pseudo-R2 of 0.64. Application of the SVM regressions on Sentinel 2 scenes covering the state of Baden-Württemberg resulted in predictions of broadleaf tree percentages for the entire state. These predicted values were used as additional predictor in the timber volume model, allowing for predictions of timber volume for the same area. Spatially high-resolution information about growing stock is of great practical relevance for forest management planning, especially when the timber volume of a smaller unit is of interest, for example of a forest stand or a forest district where not enough terrestrial inventory plots are available to make reliable estimations. Here, predictions from remote-sensing based models can be used. Furthermore, information about broadleaf and conifer trees improves timber volume models and reduces model errors and, thereby, prediction uncertainties.

Osteotomy guides and customised osteosynthesis plaques made with CAD–CAM and rapid prototyping technology in the skeletal surgical treatment of severe OSA

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brunso ◽  
J. Amilibia ◽  
V. Cabriada ◽  
J.A. Municio ◽  
J. Gimeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Cad Cam

Special Issue on Rapid Prototyping

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Morishige ◽  
Masahiro Anzai ◽  
Hiroyuki Narahara
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Layered Manufacturing ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Cad Cam

Layered manufacturing is the generic name for a processing method used to obtain an actual model by calculating cross-sectional shapes from 3D CAD data and stacking these shapes. Because it can realize any shape without needing skills for devising a processing method and fabricating fixtures, layered machining is expected to realize 3D printing that enables even inexperienced or amateur operators to obtain actual 3D shapes. Since the model such as injection molding can be fabricated without using dies and molds, layered manufacturing is now called rapid prototyping (RP). Since ever manufacturing of high-strength materials has become available, RP applications have been deployed in areas from models for more confirmation of shape to functional models attached to prototypes such as engines and used for test runs. In addition, the new concepts called rapid manufacturing (RM) and rapid tooling (RT), which are used in the manufacture of low-volume products and production equipment, have been proposed and implemented. This special issue focuses on RP technology. Among its many interesting papers are those that focus on new fabrication techniques, material development for RP, CAD/CAM systems for RP, new RP systems, and applications for RP. We are certain that you will find this issue both interesting and informative. We thank the authors for their generous cooperation and the editing staff for its many contributions.

Development of a Forging Type Rapid Prototyping System; Automation of a Free Forging and Metal Hammering Working

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetake Tanaka ◽  
◽  
Naoki Asakawa ◽  
Masatoshi Hirao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Plastic Working ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Rapid Prototyping System

The forging rapid prototyping we proposed based on CAD data involves numerically controlled free forging and metal hammer working as new three-dimensional modeling. Almost all products are now designed and developed using CAD/CAM, and rapid prototyping using CAD data is also used to model design previews or mock ups. Free forging and plastic working, however, have few ways to automate the process. We developed numerical controlled free forging and metal hammer working as new modeling for rapid prototyping. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposal provides feasible three-dimensional modeling as rapid prototyping.

The Integration of CAD/CAM and Rapid Prototyping in Product Development: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 3438-3445 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Matta ◽  
D. Ranga Raju ◽  
K.N.S. Suman
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Cad Cam
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