A Solar Thermophotovoltaic System Using Spectrally Controlled Monolithic Planar Thermal Emitter/Absorber

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroo Yugami ◽  
Asaka Kohiyama ◽  
Makoto Shimizu ◽  
Fumitada Iguchi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Thermal Emitter

Solar-thermophotovoltaic system is expected to have high efficiency by converting wide spectral range solar energy into useful thermal radiation energy. However, the experimental STPV system shows much lower efficiency than theoretical one. To achieve high-efficiency, it is essential to obtain good spectrally matching between thermal radiation spectrum and PV cells spectral response. In this paper, the power generation tests using the whole configuration of the STPV system is described. The conversion efficiency of GaSb PV cell is estimated to be 20 to 23% against to the light intensity irradiated on the PV cell surface. The net system efficiency of 1.9% can be achieved. The application of thermal storage system to the STPV is also considered.

Spectral Control of Thermal Radiation Using Metal-Dielectric Multilayers for High-Temperature Usage Over 1000°C

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Shimizu ◽  
Asaka Kohiyama ◽  
Fumitada Iguchi ◽  
Hiroo Yugami
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Short Wavelength Range ◽  
Coating Technology ◽  
Selective Coating ◽  
Spectrally Selective ◽  
Spectral Control ◽  
Layer Coating

The spectrally selective coating technology which can be applicable for solar-thermophotovoltaic (solar-TPV) generation systems is described in this paper. In solar-TPV system, the spectrally selective absorber plays a key role to obtain high-efficiency. The technologies of controlling thermal radiation spectrum at temperature over 1000°C, however, have not been established yet. We focus on metal-dielectric multi-layer coating. This selective coating shows enormously high absorptance at short wavelength range and sharp cutoff property. Thermal stability test confirms that this multi-layer structure can be one of the candidates for the selective coatings for solar-TPV systems.

scholarly journals A Computational Simulation of Using Tungsten Gratings in Near-Field Thermophotovoltaic Devices

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Watjen ◽  
X. L. Liu ◽  
B. Zhao ◽  
Z. M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Rigorous Coupled Wave

Near-field thermophotovoltaic (NFTPV) devices have received much attention lately as an alternative energy harvesting system, whereby a heated emitter exchanges super-Planckian thermal radiation with a photovoltaic (PV) cell to generate electricity. This work describes the use of a grating structure to enhance the power throughput of NFTPV devices, while increasing the energy conversion efficiency by ensuring that a large portion of the radiation entering the PV cell is above the band gap. The device contains a high-temperature tungsten grating that radiates photons to a room-temperature In0.18Ga0.82Sb PV cell through a vacuum gap of several tens of nanometers. Scattering theory is used along with the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) to calculate the radiation energy exchange between the grating emitter and the TPV cell. A parametric study is performed by varying the grating depth, period, and ridge width in the range that can be fabricated using available fabrication technologies. It is found that the power output can be increased by 40% while improving the efficiency from 29.9% to 32.0% with a selected grating emitter as compared to the case of a flat tungsten emitter. Reasons for the enhancement are found to be due to the enhanced energy transmission coefficient close to the band gap. This work shows a possible way of improving NFTPV and sheds light on how grating structures interact with thermal radiation at the nanoscale.

scholarly journals Strategy of thermal radiation coatings in Rongdao kiln of ceramic design industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2793-2800
Author(s):  
Qingli Wang ◽  
Ganlin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Ceramics Industry

Under the background of energy saving and emission reduction, energy-saving renovation of kilns in ceramics industry has always been the key step to promote sustainable development strategy in ceramics industry, and also one of the key points for enterprises to reduce production costs. For the manufacturing enterprises of gongdao kiln in ceramics industry, the choice of refractory and heat preservation materials is one of the keys to manufacturing high efficiency and energy saving kilns. Through a series of technological innovations and development experiments, the researchers solved the problem of surface peeling of thermal radiation materials after sintering on the inner wall of kiln, and made the thermal radiation materials more widely used. This paper introduces the development process, physical and chemical characteristics, energy-saving principle and application methods of heat radiation energy-saving coatings, and lists specific examples for analysis. Through energy-saving comparative experiments and specific application cases, it shows that thermal radiation energy-saving coatings have great application prospects in the ceramic industry, and should be vigorously promoted to provide direction for energy-saving and emission reduction in the ceramic industry.

scholarly journals Near-field thermophotovoltaics for efficient heat to electricity conversion at high power density

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohith Mittapally ◽  
Byungjun Lee ◽  
Linxiao Zhu ◽  
Amin Reihani ◽  
Ju Won Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Power Densities

AbstractThermophotovoltaic approaches that take advantage of near-field evanescent modes are being actively explored due to their potential for high-power density and high-efficiency energy conversion. However, progress towards functional near-field thermophotovoltaic devices has been limited by challenges in creating thermally robust planar emitters and photovoltaic cells designed for near-field thermal radiation. Here, we demonstrate record power densities of ~5 kW/m2 at an efficiency of 6.8%, where the efficiency of the system is defined as the ratio of the electrical power output of the PV cell to the radiative heat transfer from the emitter to the PV cell. This was accomplished by developing novel emitter devices that can sustain temperatures as high as 1270 K and positioning them into the near-field (<100 nm) of custom-fabricated InGaAs-based thin film photovoltaic cells. In addition to demonstrating efficient heat-to-electricity conversion at high power density, we report the performance of thermophotovoltaic devices across a range of emitter temperatures (~800 K–1270 K) and gap sizes (70 nm–7 µm). The methods and insights achieved in this work represent a critical step towards understanding the fundamental principles of harvesting thermal energy in the near-field.

Solar Thermophotovoltaic Converters Based on Tungsten Emitters

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Andreev ◽  
A. S. Vlasov ◽  
V. P. Khvostikov ◽  
O. A. Khvostikova ◽  
P. Y. Gazaryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Back Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Emitter System ◽  
Solar Powered

Results of a solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) system study are reported. Modeling of the STPV module performance and the analysis of various parameters influencing the system are presented. The ways for the STPV system efficiency to increase and their magnitude are considered such as: improvement of the emitter radiation selectivity and application of selective filters for better matching the emitter radiation spectrum and cell photoresponse; application of the cells with a back side reflector for recycling the sub-band gap photons; and development of low-band gap tandem TPV cells for better utilization of the radiation spectrum. Sunlight concentrator and STPV modules were designed, fabricated, and tested under indoor and outdoor conditions. A cost-effective sunlight concentrator with Fresnel lens was developed as a primary concentrator and a secondary quartz meniscus lens ensured the high concentration ratio of ∼4000×, which is necessary for achieving the high efficiency of the concentrator–emitter system owing to trap escaping radiation. Several types of STPV modules have been developed and tested under concentrated sunlight. Photocurrent density of 4.5A∕cm2 was registered in a photoreceiver based on 1×1cm2GaSb cells under a solar powered tungsten emitter.

scholarly journals Study on the operating parameters of the 10 kW SOFC-CHP system with syngas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Li ◽  
Zewei Lyu ◽  
Jianzhong Zhu ◽  
Minfang Han ◽  
Zaihong Sun
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Distributed Power Generation ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Chp System

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cell combined with heat and power (SOFC-CHP) system is a distributed power generation system with low pollution and high efficiency. In this paper, a 10 kW SOFC-CHP system model using syngas was built in Aspen plus. Key operating parameters, such as steam to fuel ratio, stack temperature, reformer temperature, air flow rate, and air preheating temperature, were analyzed. Optimization was conducted based on the simulation results. Results suggest that higher steam to fuel ratio is beneficial to the electrical efficiency, but it might decrease the gross system efficiency. Higher stack and reformer temperatures contribute to the electrical efficiency, and the optimal operating temperatures of stack and reformer when considering the stack degradation are 750 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The air preheating temperature barely affects the electrical efficiency but affects the thermal efficiency and the gross system efficiency, the recommended value is around 600 °C under the reference condition.

scholarly journals Gene Transfer to the Desiccation-Tolerant CyanobacteriumChroococcidiopsis

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (7) ◽  
pp. 2298-2305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Billi ◽  
E. Imre Friedmann ◽  
Richard F. Helm ◽  
Malcolm Potts
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Recipient Cell ◽  
Conjugative Transfer ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Experimental Strain

ABSTRACT The coccoid cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsisdominates microbial communities in the most extreme arid hot and cold deserts. These communities withstand constraints that result from multiple cycles of drying and wetting and/or prolonged desiccation, through mechanisms which remain poorly understood. Here we describe the first system for genetic manipulation ofChroococcidiopsis. Plasmids pDUCA7 and pRL489, based on the pDU1 replicon of Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7524, were transferred to different isolates of Chroococcidiopsisvia conjugation and electroporation. This report provides the first evidence that pDU1 replicons can be maintained in cyanobacteria other than Nostoc and Anabaena. Following conjugation, both plasmids replicated inChroococcidiopsis sp. strains 029, 057, and 123 but not in strains 171 and 584. Both plasmids were electroporated into strains 029 and 123 but not into strains 057, 171, and 584. Expression of P psbA-luxAB on pRL489 was visualized through in vivo luminescence. Efficiencies of conjugative transfer for pDUCA7 and pRL489 into Chroococcidiopsissp. strain 029 were approximately 10−2 and 10−4 transconjugants per recipient cell, respectively. Conjugative transfer occurred with a lower efficiency into strains 057 and 123. Electrotransformation efficiencies of about 10−4electrotransformants per recipient cell were achieved with strains 029 and 123, using either pDUCA7 or pRL489. Extracellular deoxyribonucleases were associated with each of the five strains. Phylogenetic analysis, based upon the V6 to V8 variable regions of 16S rRNA, suggests that desert strains 057, 123, 171, and 029 are distinct from the type species strain Chroococcidiopsis thermalis PCC 7203. The high efficiency of conjugative transfer of Chroococcidiopsis sp. strain 029, from the Negev Desert, Israel, makes this a suitable experimental strain for genetic studies on desiccation tolerance.

Thermometry of microwave discharge in powder mixtures by the thermal radiation spectrum

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Batanov ◽  
N. K. Berezhetskaya ◽  
V. A. Kop’ev ◽  
I. A. Kossyi ◽  
A. N. Magunov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Microwave Discharge ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Thermal Radiation Spectrum

scholarly journals An Overview of Bidirectional AC-DC Grid Connected Converter Topologies for Low Voltage Battery Integration

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaspars Kroics ◽  
Oleksandr Husev ◽  
Kostiantyn Tytelmaier ◽  
Janis Zakis ◽  
Oleksandr Veligorskyi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Converter Topologies ◽  
Battery Energy

<p>Battery energy storage systems are becoming more and more popular solution in the household applications, especially, in combination with renewable energy sources. The bidirectional AC-DC power electronic converter have great impact to the overall efficiency, size, mass and reliability of the storage system. This paper reviews the literature that deals with high efficiency converter technologies for connecting low voltage battery energy storage to an AC distribution grid. Due to low voltage of the battery isolated bidirectional AC-DC converter or a dedicated topology of the non isolated converter is required. Review on single stage, two stage power converters and integrated solutions are done in the paper.</p>

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