Overview of Solar Air Drying Systems in India and His Vision of Future Developments

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand U. Khanzode ◽  
Sachin R. Karale
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preservation Technology ◽  
Air Dryer

Solar Air Drying is one of the oldest method of food preservation. For several thousand years people have been preserving grapes, herbs, Potato’s, corn, milk, fruits, vegetables, spices, meat and fish by drying. Until canning was developed at the end of the 18th century, drying was virtually the only method of food preservation. It is still the most widely used method. Solar Drying is an excellent way to preserve food and solar food dryers are an appropriate food preservation technology for a sustainable world. This technology makes it possible to dehydrate and preserve food professionally without compromising on quality, color, texture, enzymes, vitamins, taste and nutritional values of foods in the process. Food scientists have found that by reducing the moisture content of food to between 10 and 20%, bacteria, yeast, mold and enzymes are all prevented from spoiling it. India is blessed with an abundance of sunlight, water and biomass. Vigorous efforts during the past two decades are now bearing fruit as people in all walks of life are more aware of the benefits of renewable energy, especially solar energy in villages and in urban or semi-urban centers of India. Industries that can benefit from application of solar energy to heat air are Food, Textiles, Dairies, Pharma and Chemical. This paper reviews the present scenario of Solar Air Dryer and strategies for future developments in India.

Rapid Critical Point Drying of Tissues in a Parr Bomb

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
C.A. Baechler ◽  
W. C. Pitchford ◽  
J. M. Riddle ◽  
C.B. Boyd ◽  
H. Kanagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Critical Pressure ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Great Stress ◽  
Infiltration Techniques

Preservation of the topographic ultrastructure of soft biological tissues for examination by scanning electron microscopy has been accomplished in the past by using lengthy epoxy infiltration techniques, or dehydration in ethanol or acetone followed by air drying. Since the former technique requires several days of preparation and the latter technique subjects the tissues to great stress during the phase change encountered during air-drying, an alternate rapid, economical, and reliable method of surface structure preservation was developed. Turnbill and Philpott had used a fluorocarbon for the critical point drying of soft tissues and indicated the advantages of working with fluids having both moderately low critical pressures as well as low critical temperatures. Freon-116 (duPont) which has a critical temperature of 19. 7 C and a critical pressure of 432 psi was used in this study.

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

The Evolution of Lead Extraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Melanie Maytin ◽  
Laurence M Epstein ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Lead Extraction ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Device Management ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Life Threatening

Prior to the introduction of successful intravascular countertraction techniques, options for lead extraction were limited and dedicated tools were non-existent. The significant morbidity and mortality associated with these early extraction techniques limited their application to life-threatening situations such as infection and sepsis. The past 30 years have witnessed significant advances in lead extraction technology, resulting in safer and more efficacious techniques and tools. This evolution occurred out of necessity, similar to the pressure of natural selection weeding out the ineffective and highly morbid techniques while fostering the development of safe, successful and more simple methods. Future developments in lead extraction are likely to focus on new tools that will allow us to provide comprehensive device management and the design of new leads conceived to facilitate future extraction. With the development of these new methods and novel tools, the technique of lead extraction will continue to require operators that are well versed in several methods of extraction. Garnering new skills while remembering the lessons of the past will enable extraction technologies to advance without repeating previous mistakes.

EU-China Student and Academic Staff Mobility: Present Situation and Future Developments

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Mathou ◽  
Jin Yan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Information

Abstract The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive information about student and academic staff mobility between the European Union (EU) and China as well as the main strategies and policies in place to promote mobility. Based on quantitative and qualitative data provided by national authorities and various stakeholders consulted throughout the research process, the study aimed at taking stock of the situation and identifying trends regarding EU-China learning mobility over the past ten years. It also aimed at drawing recommendations to improve current and future mobility actions between the two regions.

Jerzy Topolski’s Marxist Anthropocentrism

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-377
Author(s):  
Ewa Domańska ◽  
Paul Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Collective Agency ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Separate Discipline

Abstract In this article I demonstrate that the ideas outlined in Jerzy Topolski’s Methodology of History (Polish 1968, English translation 1976) could not only offer a reference point for and indeed enrich ongoing debates in the philosophy of history, but also help to set directions for future developments in the field. To support my argument, I focus on two themes addressed in Topolski’s work: 1) the understanding of the methodology of history as a separate discipline and its role both in defending the autonomy of history and in creating an integrated knowledge of the past, which I read here through the lens of the current merging of the humanities and natural sciences; and 2) the role of a Marxist anthropocentrism based on the notion of humans as the creators of history, which I consider here in the context of the ongoing critique of anthropocentrism. I point to the value of continuing to use concepts drawn from Marxist vocabulary, such as alienation, emancipation, exploitation and overdetermination, for interpreting the current state of the world and humanity. I stress that Marxist anthropocentrism, with its support for individual and collective agency, remains crucial to the creation of emancipatory theories and visions of the future, even if it has faced criticism for its Eurocentrism and might seem rather familiar and predictable when viewed in the context of the contemporary humanities. Nevertheless, new manifestations of Marxist theory, in the form of posthumanist Marxism and an interspecies historical materialism that transcends anthropocentrism, might play an important role in redefining the humanities and humanity, including its functions and tasks within human and multispecies communities.

Human Factors in Classification and Certification

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Card ◽  
Clifford C. Baker ◽  
Kevin P. McSweeney ◽  
Denise B. McCafferty
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Maritime Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Element ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Construction

Since the 18th century, Classification Societies have served the public interest by promoting the security of life, property, and the natural environment. This has been accomplished primarily through the development and verification of standards for the design, construction, and maintenance of marine facilities, however, new insights gained over the past decade have motivated maritime safety organizations to better address the contribution of the human element to maritime casualties and accidents.

scholarly journals Ferroelectric Materials: A Novel Pathway for Efficient Solar Water Splitting

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangmo Kim ◽  
Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Chung Bark
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
The Past

Over the past few decades, solar water splitting has evolved into one of the most promising techniques for harvesting hydrogen using solar energy. Despite the high potential of this process for hydrogen production, many research groups have encountered significant challenges in the quest to achieve a high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. Recently, ferroelectric materials have attracted much attention as promising candidate materials for water splitting. These materials are among the best candidates for achieving water oxidation using solar energy. Moreover, their characteristics are changeable by atom substitute doping or the fabrication of a new complex structure. In this review, we describe solar water splitting technology via the solar-to-hydrogen conversion process. We will examine the challenges associated with this technology whereby ferroelectric materials are exploited to achieve a high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals Design And Analysis of Flat Plate Solar Air Dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Arunprasad S ◽  
Saravanan P ◽  
Arulraj R
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Moisture Extraction ◽  
Air Dryer ◽  
Drying Chamber

Solar dryers are equipment and using solar energy for drying substances, especially food. There are two common types of solar dryers: Direct & indirect. This is a dryer type in which the product to be dried directly absorbs the solar radiation. It is also referred to as a natural convection cabinet dryer, because the solar radiation falls directly on the surface; the product quality is reduced. Heated air from the drying chamber is blown through. A solar dryer's basic function is to heat air with solar energy to a constant temperature, which enables the moisture extraction from crops within a drying chamber. The main objective of flat plate solar air dryer model based on without tray & with tray chamber in Creo parametric software & computational fluid dynamics in Ansys software. Generally, solar air dryer is heat loss is possible, so it’s reduced with help of insulation material (glass wool & polyurethane). To predict the temperature difference in various air flow with insulation material. Furthermore, choose the better insulation material & difference between with & without tray chamber.

scholarly journals Lifelines engineering

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
David R. Brunsdon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Success

Significant developments have occurred in the field of lifelines engineering over the past decade both in New Zealand and internationally. In New Zealand, this period encompassed both the beginnings of lifelines engineering and its development into being an established discipline of earthquake engineering. This paper charts the progress of lifelines engineering during this time, outlines the key achievements and critical success factors and discusses current needs and future developments.

scholarly journals Microbiological and Nutritional Properties of Frankfurter-Type Fish Sausage

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Nkrumah T ◽  
Akwetey WY
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Preservation Technology ◽  
Processed Products

Fish meat is a common and broadly used food due to its high nutritional values yet the bones and flavour of fresh fish can be unpleasant. The unpleasant fishy flavour makes it difficult to handle and process. The fishy flavour is as a result of microbial presence and growth. Studies associated with microbial contaminations have concentrated more on the carcass. Such contaminations which affect the microbiological status of processed products can emanate from spices and other non-meat ingredients, environment, equipment and handlers. The successful application of processing/preservation technology results in the conservation of desirable qualities in stabilized and varietal fish products. This study sought to use fish in the manufacture of frankfurter-type sausages, which could have improved preservation characteristics without any adverse effects on sensory properties. The nutritional composition and microbiological safety of fresh fish and sausages were determined using the methods described by AOAC and ICMSF respectively. The study showed that, catfish sausages were higher in protein (15.69 %) and were lower in fat (10.66%) compared to the other sausages. Total Viable Counts (TVC) were within the accepted limits (106 and 107cfu/g) for fish and pork respectively. E. coli was not detected in any of the treatments during frozen storage for 6 weeks. It was concluded that catfish frankfurter has high nutritive value because it contained less fat but with higher crude protein. Like pork frankfurters, both catfish and mackerel sausages could be stored for six weeks without any negative effects on microbial quality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document