Simulation on Solar Hydrogen Generation With PEM Cells and Solar Modules

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousuke Kawashima ◽  
Osamu Kawanami ◽  
Itsurou Honda
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
One Year

A simulation of solar hydrogen generation with solar modules and PEM cells in consideration of the solar module temperature for one year was carried out using our measured weather data. The optimal combination of the number of PEM sheets and solar modules was determined and hydrogen conversion efficiency was estimated. Solar module temperature was predicted from the measured data of global solar radiation, ambient temperature, and wind velocity. The current-voltage (I-V) curves of a solar module in arbitrary states were calculated from the (I-V) curves in the reference states using conversion equations (JIS C8913).

scholarly journals Proposal to Refine Solar Radiation of Typical Meteorological Year Database and Evaluation on the Influence of Air-Conditioning Load

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Jihui Yuan ◽  
Kazuo Emura ◽  
Craig Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
The Impact

The Typical meteorological year (TMY) database is often used to calculate air-conditioning loads, and it directly affects the building energy savings design. Among four kinds of TMY databases in China—including Chinese Typical Year Weather (CTYW), International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC), Solar Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA) and Chinese Standard Weather Data (CSWD)—only CSWD is measures solar radiation, and it is most used in China. However, the solar radiation of CSWD is a measured daily value, and its hourly value is separated by models. It is found that the cloud ratio (diffuse solar radiation divided by global solar radiation) of CSWD is not realistic in months of May, June and July while compared to the other sets of TMY databases. In order to obtain a more accurate cloud ratio of CSWD for air-conditioning load calculation, this study aims to propose a method of refining the cloud ratio of CSWD in Shanghai, China, using observed solar radiation and the Perez model which is a separation model of high accuracy. In addition, the impact of cloud ratio on air-conditioning load has also been discussed in this paper. It is shown that the cloud ratio can yield a significant impact on the air conditioning load.

scholarly journals A Modified Method to Generate Typical Meteorological Years from the Long-Term Weather Database

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixiang Zang ◽  
Qingshan Xu ◽  
Pengwei Du ◽  
Katsuhiro Ichiyanagi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Modified Method

A modified typical meteorological year (TMY) method is proposed for generating TMY from practical measured weather data. A total of eleven weather indices and novel assigned weighting factors are applied in the processing of forming the TMY database. TMYs of 35 cities in China are generated based on the latest and accurate measured weather data (dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure, and daily global solar radiation) in the period of 1994–2010. The TMY data and typical solar radiation data are also investigated and analyzed in this paper, which are important in the utilizations of solar energy systems.

Interrelations of Hourly and Daily Global Illuminance

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ravikumar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Light Measurement

It has been found that the values of ratio of hourly global illuminance to daily global illuminance, rvt, are very close to the corresponding values for global solar radiation, rt, examined from the measured data of six IDMP [1] (International Day light Measurement Programme) locations. This has been further confirmed by examining the values for rvt and rt as calculated from TMY2 [2] (Typical Metrological Year) data base for primary locations. Based on this, it has been proposed that the correlations available in literature to predict rt can be employed to predict rvt. Adequacy of the correlation due to Collares-Pereira and Rabl [3] available for rt has been examined to predict rvt as obtained from TMY2 data base for the 56 primary locations. It has been found that the values of rvt obtained from measured illuminance data of six locations have been predicted within a rms difference of 2.71% and within a rms difference of 4.3% for the 56 primary locations of TMY2 data when the correlation due to Collares-Pereira and Rabl for rt has been employed.

scholarly journals A Temperature-Based Model for Estimating Monthly Average Daily Global Solar Radiation in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huashan Li ◽  
Fei Cao ◽  
Xianlong Wang ◽  
Weibin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
New Model ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Temperature Records

Since air temperature records are readily available around the world, the models based on air temperature for estimating solar radiation have been widely accepted. In this paper, a new model based on Hargreaves and Samani (HS) method for estimating monthly average daily global solar radiation is proposed. With statistical error tests, the performance of the new model is validated by comparing with the HS model and its two modifications (Samani model and Chen model) against the measured data at 65 meteorological stations in China. Results show that the new model is more accurate and robust than the HS, Samani, and Chen models in all climatic regions, especially in the humid regions. Hence, the new model can be recommended for estimating solar radiation in areas where only air temperature data are available in China.

scholarly journals Measurement of Global Solar Radiation data using Raspberry Pi and its estimation using Genetic Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
S.Shanmuga Priya ◽  
Arunabh Borkataky ◽  
Sneha Reddy ◽  
I. Thirunavukkarasu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Intelligence Models ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Models

The demand for more efficient and environmentally benign, non-conventional sources of energy came into picture due to increasing demands for human comforts. Solar energy is now the ultimate option. In this paper, the instruments used to measure the solar radiation at Innovation Centre, MIT Manipal were connected to a Raspberry Pi to access the data remotely. Genetic Algorithms were formulated, so that the monthly mean global solar radiation in Manipal can be effectively estimated. Meteorological data such as humidity, temperature, wind speed, etc. were used as inputs to train the networks. A successful network was made between the data loggers and the Raspberry Pi. The data collected by the data loggers from the devices are transmitted to the Raspberry Pi which in turn sends the data to an internal server. The Raspberry Pi can be accessed using any SSH client such as PuTTY. The meteorological data was collected for the years 2010-2014 in order to formulate the Artificial Intelligence models. The validity of the formulated models were checked by comparing the measured data with the estimated data using tools such as RMSE, correlation coefficient, etc. The modelling of solar radiation using GA was carried out in GeneXpro tools version 5.0.

scholarly journals Structure of radiation balance in diverse types of relief

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Caputa ◽  
Jakub Wojkowski
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radiation Conditions

Abstract Structure of radiation balance in diverse types of relief. The article presents the results of research on the structure of radiation balance in the full spectrum in diverse types of relief. The study was carried out on the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Poland). The varying terrain, its forms, expositions and slopes, large denivelations, and the varying land cover and land use make this small area very diverse as far as radiation conditions are concerned. On the basis of an actinometrical study the structure of radiation balance was assessed in two distinct morphologic terrain forms: the bottom of the valley and the plateau. It was proved that the global solar radiation (K↓) reaching the bottom of the valley in one year was on average 15% lower than the solar energy reaching the plateau. The all wave radiation balance (Q*) at the bottom of the valley was 16% less than on the plateau. The result of complex radiation conditions in the diversified relief was the occurrence of a mosaic of plant groups with distinct requirements.

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