Photoelectrolytic Production of Hydrogen: Annex-14 of the IEA Hydrogen R&D Program

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Luzzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Photoactive Materials ◽  
Dual Bed ◽  
Made In

Nine research groups from four countries have been collaborating for 4.5 years under Annex-14 with the aim to advance the science underlying photoelectrolytic hydrogen production from water-splitting. Significant research progress has been made in the areas of material science (semiconductor photoelectrodes, light absorption, photocatalyst stability and charge transfer) and systems development (monolithic multijunction systems, two-photon tandem systems, dual-bed redox systems and monomaterial two-step systems), resulting in the synthesis as well as development of new photoactive materials and the demonstration of various photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting prototype devices, limited to typical laboratory-size miniature scales.

Recent advances in nanostructured metal nitrides for water splitting

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (41) ◽  
pp. 19912-19933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Han ◽  
Pengyun Liu ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Lunhong Ai ◽  
Zongping Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Metal Nitrides ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Chemical Water ◽  
Recent Research Progress ◽  
Nanostructured Metal ◽  
Made In

This review summarizes the recent research progress made in nanostructured metal nitrides for electrochemical and photo(electro)chemical water splitting.

scholarly journals Two-photon, visible light water splitting at a molecular ruthenium complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Schneidewind ◽  
Miguel A. Argüello Cordero ◽  
Henrik Junge ◽  
Stefan Lochbrunner ◽  
Matthias Beller
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Ruthenium Complex ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Light Water ◽  
Two Photon

A new mechanism for light-driven water splitting is described, which decreases the reaction's complexity and offers a new way to extend the range of usable wavelengths far into the visible region.

Electromagnetic-launch-based method for cost-efficient space debris removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Chongyuan Hou ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Yikang Yang ◽  
Kaizhong Yang ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Orbit Space ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Electromagnetic Launch ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Electromagnetic Launcher ◽  
Cost Efficient

AbstractThe increase in space debris orbiting Earth is a critical problem for future space missions. Space debris removal has thus become an area of interest, and significant research progress is being made in this field. However, the exorbitant cost of space debris removal missions is a major concern for commercial space companies. We therefore propose the debris removal using electromagnetic launcher (DREL) system, a ground-based electromagnetic launch system (railgun), for space debris removal missions. The DREL system has three components: a ground-based electromagnetic launcher (GEML), suborbital vehicle (SOV), and mass of micrometer-scale dust (MSD) particles. The average cost of removing a piece of low-earth orbit space debris using DREL was found to be approximately USD 160,000. The DREL method is thus shown to be economical; the total cost to remove more than 2,000 pieces of debris in a cluster was only approximately USD 400 million, compared to the millions of dollars required to remove just one or two pieces of debris using a conventional space debris removal mission. By using DREL, the cost of entering space is negligible, thereby enabling countries to remove their space debris in an affordable manner.

scholarly journals Hydrogen production from water electrolysis: role of catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wang ◽  
Aolin Lu ◽  
Chuan-Jian Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

AbstractAs a promising substitute for fossil fuels, hydrogen has emerged as a clean and renewable energy. A key challenge is the efficient production of hydrogen to meet the commercial-scale demand of hydrogen. Water splitting electrolysis is a promising pathway to achieve the efficient hydrogen production in terms of energy conversion and storage in which catalysis or electrocatalysis plays a critical role. The development of active, stable, and low-cost catalysts or electrocatalysts is an essential prerequisite for achieving the desired electrocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting for practical use, which constitutes the central focus of this review. It will start with an introduction of the water splitting performance evaluation of various electrocatalysts in terms of activity, stability, and efficiency. This will be followed by outlining current knowledge on the two half-cell reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), in terms of reaction mechanisms in alkaline and acidic media. Recent advances in the design and preparation of nanostructured noble-metal and non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts will be discussed. New strategies and insights in exploring the synergistic structure, morphology, composition, and active sites of the nanostructured electrocatalysts for increasing the electrocatalytic activity and stability in HER and OER will be highlighted. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in the design of active and robust electrocatalysts for HER and OER towards efficient production of hydrogen from water splitting electrolysis will also be outlined.

scholarly journals Sonochemical and Sonoelectrochemical Production of Energy Materials

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Faranak Foroughi ◽  
Jacob J. Lamb ◽  
Odne S. Burheim ◽  
Bruno G. Pollet
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Ultrasound Frequency ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Electrocatalyst Materials ◽  
Made In ◽  
Semiconductor Photocatalyst

Sonoelectrochemistry is the combination of ultrasound and electrochemistry which provides many advantages in electrochemistry, such as fast reaction rates, surface cleaning and activation, and increased mass transport at an electrode. Due to the advantages, some efforts have been made in order to benefit sonoelectrochemistry in the field of energy and environmental engineering. This review paper highlights the developed progress of the application of sonoelectrochemistry in the production of hydrogen, electrocatalyst materials and electrodes for fuel cells and semiconductor photocatalyst materials. This review also provides the experimental methods that are utilized in several sonoelectrochemical techniques, such as different set-ups generally used for the synthesis of energy-related materials. Different key parameters in the operation of sonoelectrochemical synthesis including ultrasonication time, ultrasound frequency and operation current have been also discussed. There are not many research articles on the sonoelectrochemical production of materials for supercapacitors and water electrolyzers which play crucial roles in the renewable energy industry. Therefore, at the end of this review, some articles which have reported the use of ultrasound for the production of electrocatalysts for supercapacitors and electrolyzers have been reviewed. The current review might be helpful for scientists and engineers who are interested in and working on sonoelectrochemistry and electrocatalyst synthesis for energy storage and energy conversion.

scholarly journals Optimizing accuracy and efficacy in data-driven materials discovery for the solar production of hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihuang Xiong ◽  
Quinn Campbell ◽  
Julian Fanghanel ◽  
Cathy Badding ◽  
Huaiyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Water Photoelectrolysis ◽  
Hydrogen Fuels

The production of hydrogen fuels, via water splitting, is of practical relevance for meeting global energy needs and mitigating the environmental consequences of fossil-fuel-based transportation. Water photoelectrolysis has been proposed...

Iron and Nitrogen Co-doped CoSe2 Nanosheet Arrays for Robust Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Li ◽  
Yingying Xing ◽  
Changjian Zhou ◽  
Yikai Lu ◽  
Shengjie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Reaction Energy ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Nanosheet Arrays ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Co Doped

The high reaction energy barrier of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) extremely reduces the efficiency of water splitting, which is not conducive to large-scale production of hydrogen. Due to the...

scholarly journals Nonlinear optical microscopies (NOMs) and plasmon-enhanced NOMs for biology and 2D materials

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341-1358
Author(s):  
Jialin Ma ◽  
Mengtao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Anti Stokes ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractIn this review, we focus on the summary of nonlinear optical microscopies (NOMs), which are stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG), and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF). The introduction is divided into two parts: the principle of SRS, CARS, TPEF, and SHG and their application to biology and two-dimensional materials. We also introduce the connections and differences between them. We also discuss the principle of plasmon-enhanced NOM and its application in the above two aspects. This paper not only summarizes the research progress in the frontier but also deepens the readers’ understanding of the physical principles of these NOMs.

scholarly journals Photodeposition of Ag Nanocrystals onto TiO2 Nanotube Platform for Enhanced Water Splitting and Hydrogen Gas Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Aimi Jani ◽  
Choonyian Haw ◽  
Weesiong Chiu ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Poisim Khiew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Plasmonic Resonance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Ag Ncs

Current work reports the study of Ag nanocrystals (NCs) decorated doubly anodized (DA) TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) thin film as an efficient photoelectrode material for water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen gas production. DA process has been shown to be capable of producing less defective NTs and creating additional spacious gaps in between NT bundles to allow efficient and uniform integration of Ag NCs. By employing photoreduction method, Ag NCs can be deposited directly onto NTs, where the size and density of coverage can be maneuvered by merely varying the concentration of Ag precursors. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images show that the Ag NCs with controllable size are homogeneously decorated onto the walls of NTs with random yet uniform distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the formation of anatase TiO2 NTs and Ag NCs, which can be well indexed to standard patterns. The decoration of metallic Ag NCs onto the surface of NTs demonstrates a significant enhancement in the photoconversion efficiency as compared to that of pristine TiO2 NTs. Additionally, the as-prepared nanocomposite film also shows improved efficiency when used as a photocatalyst platform in the production of hydrogen gas. Such improvement in the performance of water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen gas production activity can be credited to the surface plasmonic resonance of Ag NCs present on the surface of the NTs, which renders improved light absorption and better charge separation. The current work can serve as a model of study for designing more advanced nanoarchitecture photoelectrode for renewable energy application.

Two photon tandem photoanode with black phosphorous quantum dot sensitized BiVO4 for solar water splitting

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingjun Jin ◽  
Yoonjun Cho ◽  
Cheolwoo Park ◽  
Jeehun Jeong ◽  
Sungsoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Charge Recombination ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Pec Water Splitting

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting efficiency is profoundly restricted by the limited light harvesting, rapid charge recombination, and sluggish water oxidation kinetics, in which the construction of a photoelectrode requires...

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