Optical Design of an Infrared Non-Imaging Device for a Full-Spectrum Solar Energy System

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dye ◽  
Byard Wood ◽  
Lewis Fraas ◽  
Jeff Muhs
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Receiver System

A solar collector/receiver system for a full-spectrum solar energy system is being designed by a research team lead by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Nevada, Reno. [1,2] This solar energy system is unique in that it utilizes the majority of the solar spectrum by splitting the infrared (IR) and visible energy for two different end uses. The visible light will be used for day lighting and the IR energy for electrical power generation. This paper is concerned with the optics that will provide uniform irradiance of the IR energy on the thermal photovoltaic (TPV) array. The benchmark full-spectrum collector/receiver and prototype TPV array have been built [3], so the work performed here is to match the two systems together for optimal performance. The design consists of a non-imaging (NI) system for the IR flux incident on the TPV array mounted behind the secondary mirror. Results of the ray-tracing analysis of the different systems tested are presented.

Optical Design of an Infrared Non-Imaging Device for a Full-Spectrum Solar Energy System

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 676-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dye ◽  
Byard Wood ◽  
Lewis Fraas ◽  
Jeff Muhs
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Research Team ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Secondary Mirror ◽  
The University

A full-spectrum solar energy system is being designed by a research team lead by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Nevada, Reno. [1,2] The benchmark collector/receiver and prototype thermophotovoltaic (TPV) array have been built [3], so the work performed here is to match the two systems together for optimal performance. It is shown that a hollow, rectangular-shaped non-imaging (NI) device only 23 cm long can effectively distribute the IR flux incident on the TPV array mounted behind the secondary mirror. Results of the ray-tracing analysis of the different systems tested are presented.

Demonstration of Infrared-Photovoltaics for a Full-Spectrum Solar Energy System

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dye ◽  
Byard Wood ◽  
Lewis Fraas ◽  
Jeanette Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Gallium Antimonide ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Infrared Transmission ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

A nonimaging (NI) device and infrared-photovoltaic (IR-PV) array for use in a full-spectrum solar energy system has been designed, built, and tested (Dye et al., 2003, “Optical Design of an Infrared Non-Imaging Device for a Full-Spectrum Solar Energy System,” Proceedings of the ASME International Solar Energy Society Conference; Dye and Wood, 2003, Infrared Transmission Efficiency of Refractive and Reflective Non-Imaging Devices for a Full-Spectrum Solar Energy System,” Nonimaging Optics: Maximum Efficiency Light Transfer VII, Proc. SPIE, 5185; Fraas et al., 2001, Infrared Photovoltaics for Combined Solar Lighting and Electricity for Buildings,” Proceedings of 17th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference}. This system was designed to utilize the otherwise wasted infrared (IR) energy that is separated from the visible portion of the solar spectrum before the visible light is harvested. The IR energy will be converted to electricity via a gallium antimonide (GaSb) IR-PV array. The experimental apparatus for the testing of the IR optics and IR-PV performance is described. Array performance data will be presented, along with a comparison between outdoor experimental tests and laboratory flash tests. An analysis of the flow of the infrared energy through the collection system will be presented, and recommendations will be made for improvements. The IR-PV array generated a maximum of 26.7W, demonstrating a conversion efficiency of the IR energy of 12%.

Demonstration of Thermophotovoltaics for a Full-Spectrum Solar Energy System

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dye ◽  
Byard Wood ◽  
Lewis Fraas ◽  
Jeanette Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Gallium Antimonide ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Array Performance

A non-imaging (NI) device and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) array for use in a full-spectrum solar energy system has been designed, built, and tested [1,2,3]. This system was designed to utilize the otherwise wasted infrared (IR) energy that is separated from the visible portion of the solar spectrum before the visible light is harvested. The IR energy will be converted to electricity via a gallium antimonide (GaSb) TPV array. The experimental apparatus for the testing of the IR optics and TPV performance is described. Array performance data will be presented, along with a comparison between outdoor experimental tests and laboratory flash tests. An analysis of the flow of the infrared energy through the collection system will be presented, and recommendations will be made for improvements. The TPV array generated a maximum of 26.7 W, demonstrating a conversion efficiency of the IR energy of 12%.

scholarly journals Dynamic Analysis of Electrical Power Grid Delivery: Using Prime Mover Engines to Balance Dynamic Wind Turbine Output

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana K. Grauer ◽  
Michael E. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Electrical Generation

This paper presents an investigation into integrated wind + combustion engine high penetration electrical generation systems. Renewable generation systems are now a reality of electrical transmission. Unfortunately, many of these renewable energy supplies are stochastic and highly dynamic. Conversely, the existing national grid has been designed for steady state operation. The research team has developed an algorithm to investigate the feasibility and relative capability of a reciprocating internal combustion engine to directly integrate with wind generation in a tightly coupled Hybrid Energy System. Utilizing the Idaho National Laboratory developed Phoenix Model Integration Platform, the research team has coupled demand data with wind turbine generation data and the Aspen Custom Modeler reciprocating engine electrical generator model to investigate the capability of reciprocating engine electrical generation to balance stochastic renewable energy.

scholarly journals Electrical Power Grid Delivery Dynamic Analysis: Using Prime Mover Engines to Balance Dynamic Wind Turbine Output

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana K. Grauer ◽  
Michael E. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Electrical Generation

This paper presents an investigation into integrated wind + combustion engine high penetration electrical generation systems. Renewable generation systems are now a reality of electrical transmission. Unfortunately, many of these renewable energy supplies are stochastic and highly dynamic. Conversely, the existing national grid has been designed for steady state operation. The research team has developed an algorithm to investigate the feasibility and relative capability of a reciprocating internal combustion engine to directly integrate with wind generation in a tightly coupled Hybrid Energy System. Utilizing the Idaho National Laboratory developed Phoenix Model Integration Platform, the research team has coupled demand data with wind turbine generation data and the Aspen Custom Modeler reciprocating engine electrical generator model to investigate the capability of reciprocating engine electrical generation to balance stochastic renewable energy.

scholarly journals Environmental and Economic Impacts of Lighting Highways Using Photo-Voltaic Panels

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saber Shahat ◽  
Soliman M. Sharaf ◽  
Mohamed Edrees ◽  
Mohamed Abdelhalim
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Environmental Feasibility

The renewable energy sources in power generation globally increases rapidly over time. This paper presents a novel technique of street lighting by using off-grid solar energy system. The electrical power is generated from solar panels at the day time and stored in batteries and consequently, discharged in the street lamps at night. The charging, discharging and their rates rate are controlled obviously by charger controller. Highway road is selected in this study. Several aspects are optimized in this study. Number of columns, columns types, lamp arms, columns distance and the backup storage limits are studied. The sizing of the individual solar stations in terms of economic and environmental feasibility are optimized. New power saving technique will apply advanced methods to reduce the storage capacity and power consumption to enhance the economic feasibility of the suggested system. In addition, the life time of storage batteries is increased. The most appropriate technique is selected in terms of economic and environmental feasibility by comparing all the different cases suggested in this study. Finally, the best case for solar street lighting project is compared to the normal or conventional system to show the economic and environmental potentiality of using renewable energy, especially solar energy. Experimental solar energy street lighting system with power saving is implemented in this study.

Research on the Highly Energy-Efficient Conversion and Utilization Path of Solar Energy Demand Type

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Ying Xu ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Chang You Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Utilization Rate

In order to promote the highly energy-efficiency utilization level of solar energy demand type, this paper, based on the average radiation within the solar radiation spectrum range and application requirement analysis of quantum theory, investigated the technical bottleneck and solution on the highly energy-efficient storage and conversion of solar energy demand type. Studies showed that the key to highly energy-efficiency utilization was to synthetically promote the utilization rate of energy conversion in each solar area. It could make direct conversion and utilization of solar energy in accordance with easy-preserved type foods, electrical power, fuel and other forms of energy demand, and then conversion route of energy utilization could be cut down and energy losses in the process of transmission could be decreased. Making full use of energy of solar spectrum visible light area to increase the plant photosynthesis, or using catalysis to change the Fermi lever and minimum work function of photocell battery module stripping to strengthen the photo electricity conversion rate could further enhance the conversion rate of highly-efficiency utilization of solar energy demand type. The study was involving multi-field of knowledge, and still need to be integrated innovation with further theoretical research.

Evaluation of Different Efficiency Concepts of an Integrated Energy System (IES)

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Yu. Petrov ◽  
Abdolreza Zaltash ◽  
Solomon D. Labinov ◽  
D. Tom Rizy ◽  
Xiaohong Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Integrated Energy System ◽  
The Difference

The Integrated Energy System (IES) market in the United States (US) and worldwide has been increasingly expanding over the last few years. But there is still a lot of disagreement in interpretation of one of the most important IES performance parameters — efficiency. Some organizations, for example, use higher heating value (HHV) of fuel in efficiency calculations while some use lower heating value (LHV). Some accounts for auxiliary and parasitic losses while others do not. Some adhere to the “first-law” of efficiency while some use other methods, i.e., calculations recommended by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission or the US Combined Heat & Power Association. Different efficiency concepts based on actual performance testing from the IES Laboratory at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are evaluated in this paper. The equipment studied included: a 30-kW microturbine, an air-to-water heat recovery unit (HRU), a 10-ton (35 kW) hot water-fired (indirect-fired) single-effect absorption chiller, and a direct-fired desiccant dehumidification unit. Efficiencies of different configurations of the above-mentioned equipment based on various approaches are compared. In addition, IES efficiency gains due to the replacement of a 1st generation HRU (effectiveness of approximately 75%) with a 2nd generation HRU (effectiveness of approximately 92%) for the same IES arrangement are discussed. The results showed that the difference in HHV- and LHV-based efficiencies for different IES arrangements could reach 5–8%, and that the difference in efficiency values calculated with different methods for the same arrangement could reach 27%. Therefore, it is very important to develop standard guidelines for efficiency calculations that would be acceptable and used by the majority of IES manufacturers and end-users. At the very least, every manufacturer or user should clearly indicate the basis for their efficiency calculations.

Full Spectrum Collection of Concentrated Solar Energy Using PV Coupled with Selective Filtration Utilizing Nanoparticles

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 2935-2940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Otanicar ◽  
Drew DeJarnette ◽  
Nick Brekke ◽  
Ebrima Tunkara ◽  
Ken Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Total System ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Pass Through

ABSTRACTHybrid solar receivers utilizing both photovoltaic cells and thermal collectors are capable of collecting the entire solar spectrum for use in energy systems. Such systems provide efficient solar energy conversion using PV in addition to dispatchability through thermal storage by incorporating a thermal collector in conjunction with the PV. Proposed hybrid systems typically invoke spectrum splitting so to redirect photons optimized for PV electric conversion to a cell while non-PV efficient photons are directed to a thermal absorber. This work discusses a hybrid system with a selective solar filter using a suspended nanoparticle fluid to directly absorb non-PV photons. Non-absorbed photons pass through the filter and impact the PV. Choice of nanoparticles in the fluid allow absorption and transmission of specific wavelengths. Nanoparticles were chosen based on optimization simulations for a bandpass filter to a cSi solar cell. The synthesized fluid has been experimentally characterized to show the effects of high temperature on nanoparticle stability and optical properties. Thermodynamic modeling of the system suggests solar to electric efficiency of the total system is 23.2% if all thermal energy is converted to electricity through an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). However, high temperature generation could be used for industrial process heat at a specific temperature by changing parameters such as absorbed energy and flow rates. Furthermore, a prototype is being developed with 14x concentration to demonstrate the technology on-sun with initial testing targeted for the 2nd quarter of 2016. Overall, the hybrid nanoparticle filter concentrating solar collector can be modified to fit a variety of applications through easily changeable parameters in the system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document