Enhancing Geohazard Management Practice for South American Pipelines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Porter ◽  
Elisa Scordo ◽  
Pete Barlow ◽  
Daniela Welkner ◽  
Miguel Leach
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
South American ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Academic Collaboration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pipeline Safety

Abstract Pipeline geohazard management practices and technologies have evolved rapidly over the past 15 years in step with industry’s drive towards zero failures. This paper describes the evolution in geohazard management for pipelines since the early 2000’s and describes how technology and management practices are currently being adapted to accommodate South American site conditions and data sources. It ends by outlining a possible framework for industry, regulatory and academic collaboration within South America that offers the potential for another step-function improvement in pipeline safety.

Floristics of the South American Páramo Moss Flora

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Dana Griffin III
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
South American ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
The South ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Northern Andes ◽  
The Past

The South American paramos appeared in Pliocene times and persist to the present day. The moss flora of this habitat consists of an estimated 400 species that comprise 8 floristic groups. In Venezuela these groups and their percent representation are as follows: neotropical 37%, Andean 26%, cosmopolitan 18%, Andean-African 8%, neotropical-Asiatic 3%, neotropical-Australasian 2%, temperate Southern Hemisphere 2% and northern boreal-temperate 2%. Acrocarpous taxa outnumber pleurocarps by nearly 3:1. The neotropical and Andean floristic stocks likely were present prior to late Pliocene orogenies that elevated the cordillera above climatic timberlines. These species may have existed in open, marshy areas (paramillos) or may have evolved from cloud forest ancestors. Taxa of northern boreal- temperate affinities, including those with Asiatic distributions, probably arrived in the paramos during the Pleistocene, a period which may also have seen the establishment in the Northern Andes of some cosmopolitan elements. Species with temperate Southern Hemisphere and Australasian affinities likely spread first to austral South America thence migrated northward during a cool, moist interval sometime over the past 2.5-3 million years or may have become established in the paramos as a result of long- distance dispersal.

scholarly journals Unenlagiinae revisited: dromaeosaurid theropods from South América

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico A. Gianechini ◽  
Sebastian Apesteguia
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The Past

Over the past two decades, the record of South American unenlagiine dromaeosaurids was substantially increased both in quantity as well as in quality of specimens. Here is presented a summary review of the South American record for these theropods.Unenlagia comahuensis, Unenlagia paynemili, and Neuquenraptor argentinus come from the Portezuelo Formation, the former genus being the most complete and with putative avian features. Neuquenraptor is more incomplete and exhibits pedal features resembling those of Unenlagia. The earliest and most complete South American dromaeosaurid is Buitreraptor gonzalezoru, whose preserved cranial remains, provides important data in the characterization of unenlagiines. The most recently described,Austroraptor cabazai also with cranial remains, allows further comparisons with Laurasian lineages and a better characterization of unenlagiines. The possible synonymy between nenlagia and Neuquenraptor is discussed. Additional evidences from Brazil and Colombia show that dinosaurs with similar dentition to that of unenlagiines were present in the whole South America. However, it is not possible to discart that these remains may belong to other unknown maniraptoran lineages, considering the increasing number of taxa of this group found in South America.

scholarly journals The South American Monsoon Variability over the Last Millennium in CMIP5/PMIP3 simulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 5651-5681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rojas ◽  
P. A. Arias ◽  
V. Flores-Aqueveque ◽  
A. Seth ◽  
M. Vuille
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
South American ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Monsoon ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intercomparison Project

Abstract. In this paper we assess South American Monsoon System (SAMS) variability throughout the Last Millennium as depicted by the Coupled Modelling Intercomparison Project version 5/Paleo Modelling Intercomparison Project version 3 (CMIP5/PMIP3) simulations. High-resolution proxy records for the South American monsoon over this period show a coherent regional picture of a weak monsoon during the Medieval Climate Anomaly period and a stronger monsoon during the Little Ice Age (LIA). Due to the small forcing during the past 1000 years, CMIP5/PMIP3 model simulations do not show very strong temperature anomalies over these two specific periods, which in turn do not translate into clear precipitation anomalies, as suggested by rainfall reconstructions in South America. However, with an ad-hoc definition of these two periods for each model simulation, several coherent large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies were identified. The models feature a stronger Monsoon during the LIA associated with: (i) an enhancement of the rising motion in the SAMS domain in austral summer, (ii) a stronger monsoon-related upper-troposphere anticyclone, (iii) activation of the South American dipole, which results to a certain extent in a poleward shift in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone and (iv) a weaker upper-level sub tropical jet over South America, this providing important insights into the mechanisms of these climate anomalies over South America during the past millennium.

Regulatory Process Changes at the Office of Pipeline Safety

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Wiese ◽  
James von Herrmann ◽  
Paul Wood
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Pipeline Safety ◽  
Measures Of Performance

Over the past several years the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) in the Research and Special Programs Administration of the US Department of Transportation has begun to develop and implement a different approach to structuring its regulations and to carrying out the inspections it uses to evaluate operator conformance with the provisions of these regulations. Several new Rules have been promulgated incorporating provisions that are a combination of prescriptive, performance-based, and management-based. These rules include the hazardous liquid integrity management rules for large and small operators, the operator qualification rule, and the gas integrity management rule. The new rules have been designed to allow operators flexibility in their approach to addressing the objectives of the regulations. Such flexibility is needed because of the significant differences in the pipeline infrastructure operated by each company, and the corresponding need to acknowledge these differences to assure the objectives of regulation are achieved without imposing a needless and costly burden on the operators. Promulgation of highly prescriptive “one-size-fits-all” regulations is inconsistent with the variations present in the infrastructure operated by the US pipeline industry. One ingredient in the approach OPS has chosen is the imposition of “management-based” requirements. These requirements are so-called because they prescribe implementation of a program that includes the need for several management practices. The new rules allow some flexibility in which management practices are selected and exactly how they are implemented. Inspection against management-based provisions is different from inspection of purely prescriptive requirements. Management-based requirements provide flexibility in how operators evaluate, justify and change their practices to satisfy the intent of the rule within their unique operating environment. While such changes are designed to lead to improved performance, they will not immediately manifest themselves in recognizable changes in performance, so finely tuned measures of performance are needed to help evaluate the effectiveness of the new requirements. OPS has adopted several mechanisms to aid in the consistent inspection of the management-based provisions of the new rules. These mechanisms are discussed in the paper, as is the OPS approach to answering the question of how it will know if the new approach is working.

Highway construction and maintenance costs

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Christian ◽  
Linda Newton
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Traditional Construction

This paper gives details of the results of research on maintenance management practices and expenditures on road infrastructure in the province of New Brunswick during the period 1965-1994. An analysis of historic levels of spending on road maintenance, rehabilitation and new construction; current maintenance management practice; and the source and allocation of funds indicated three trends: (i) routine and preventive maintenance funding has steadily decreased over the past 30 years while traffic and vehicle registrations have increased; (ii) maintenance expenditures are not keeping pace with system needs; and (iii) there is a need for a review of traditional construction and maintenance management practices. Three cost prediction models were developed to determine an accurate cost for road maintenance. Based on the models and the management review, it was concluded that maintenance funding needs to be increased by 25% in conjunction with the implementation of a comprehensive maintenance management system, if the Department of Transportation is to adequately meet the current and future needs of the existing road network.Key words: road maintenance, maintenance management, road construction.

Middle Pleistocene age of the fossiliferous sedimentary sequence from Tarija, Bolivia

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. MacFadden ◽  
Peter K. Zeitler ◽  
Federico Anaya ◽  
John M. Cottle
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Age ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
South American ◽  
Sedimentary Sequence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reference Sections ◽  
Great American Biotic Interchange ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Land Mammal

AbstractThe highly fossiliferous sediments of the Tolomosa Formation from Tarija, southern Bolivia, represent one of the most important localities in South America that documents the Great American Biotic Interchange. Over the past several decades, chronostratigraphic studies have indicated a middle Pleistocene age for the Tolomosa Formation from ~ 1.1 to 0.7 Ma. This interval correlates to the Ensenadan South American Land Mammal Age as it is characterized from classic localities in Argentina. Recently, however, a new interpretation based on AMS 14C ages indicates that the fossiliferous sediments from Tarija are latest Pleistocene, i.e., < 44 ka, and thus of Lujanian age. Here we report a new age of 0.76 ± 0.03 Ma (2σ) based on 11 U–Th/Pb and U–Th/He individual determinations from the Tolomosa Formation. This is indistinguishable from the age published from the same ash in 1983, and was originally used to calibrate the magnetostratigraphic section at Tarija. The new age confirms that the age of the Tolomosa Formation is middle Pleistocene, and not latest Pleistocene. The age of the Tarija Fauna has significant implications with regard to the stage of evolution biochronology for Pleistocene fossil mammals in South America, and in particular, the classic and important reference sections in Argentina.

Survey of interseeded red clover management and perceived challenges by Ontario wheat growers

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-567
Author(s):  
Cameron M. Ogilvie ◽  
Cora Loucks ◽  
Heather Beach ◽  
Peter Johnson ◽  
Ralph C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Past ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Subsequent Crop

Interseeding red clover (RC; Trifolium pratense L.) to winter wheat (WW; Triticum aestivum L.) is a recommended management practice for wheat growers in Ontario, as it is known to provide a host of services including a significant nitrogen credit for the subsequent crop. However, fewer Ontario wheat acres are being interseeded with RC because of challenges with nonuniform stands. A survey was developed to explore why growers use the winter wheat – red clover (WWrc) system and to evaluate the management practices being used. We received 179 responses, 142 which were from growers currently practicing WWrc and the rest were from growers who had used WWrc in the past. Of those who were currently practicing WWrc, increasing degrees of tillage, wider WW row spacing, and higher RC seeding rates showed some indication of improved RC stand uniformity, and qualitative feedback from growers in the survey supports this. It is recommended that these management practices receive formal evaluation to increase the success of the WWrc system in Ontario.

scholarly journals The South American monsoon variability over the last millennium in climate models

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1681-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisa Rojas ◽  
Paola A. Arias ◽  
Valentina Flores-Aqueveque ◽  
Anji Seth ◽  
Mathias Vuille
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
South American ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
The South ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
South American Monsoon ◽  
The Past

Abstract. In this paper we assess South American monsoon system (SAMS) variability in the last millennium as depicted by global coupled climate model simulations. High-resolution proxy records for the South American monsoon over this period show a coherent regional picture of a weak monsoon during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and a stronger monsoon during the Little Ice Age (LIA). Due to the small external forcing during the past 1000 years, model simulations do not show very strong temperature anomalies over these two specific periods, which in turn do not translate into clear precipitation anomalies, in contrast with the rainfall reconstructions in South America. Therefore, we used an ad hoc definition of these two periods for each model simulation in order to account for model-specific signals. Thereby, several coherent large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies are identified. The models feature a stronger monsoon during the LIA associated with (i) an enhancement of the rising motion in the SAMS domain in austral summer; (ii) a stronger monsoon-related upper-tropospheric anticyclone; (iii) activation of the South American dipole, which results in a poleward shift of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone; and (iv) a weaker upper-level subtropical jet over South America. The diagnosed changes provide important insights into the mechanisms of these climate anomalies over South America during the past millennium.

Talented Employees in Russian and Foreign Companies

2013 ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Latukha ◽  
T. Tsukanova
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Practice Development

The study investigates talent management practices in Russian and foreign companies. The inquiry of Russian and foreign companies (working in Russia) showed that perceived and dedicated talent management practices contribute to better companies performance. The study results can be used in talent management practice development.

Measuring the cost of environmental compliance for Waikato dairy farmers - a survey approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
T.O.R. Macdonald ◽  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Environmental Compliance ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Survey Approach

The link between dairy farm systems and cost of environmental compliance is not always clear. A survey of Waikato dairy farmers was conducted to establish the real (non-modelled) cost of compliance with environmental regulation in the region. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered to improve understanding of compliance costs and implementation issues for a range of Waikato farm systems. The average oneoff capital cost of compliance determined through a survey approach was $1.02 per kg milksolids, $1490 per hectare and $403 per cow. Costs experienced by Waikato farmers have exceeded average economic farm surplus for the region in the past 5 years. As regulation increases there are efficiencies to be gained through implementing farm infrastructure and farm management practice to best match farm system intensity. Keywords: Dairy, compliance, farm systems, nitrogen, Waikato

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