Geotechnical Guidelines for the Assessment and Design of Mitigation Measurements for Operating Oil Pipelines

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Rene Alvarez ◽  
Angela Tatiana Torres ◽  
Camilo Marulanda Escobar ◽  
Jaime Hernan Aristizabal
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Geotechnical Assessment ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Over Time

The Colombian petroleum pipelines go through different types of geomorphologies and geological settings; so that the pipeline system is exposed to a variety of processes such as landslides, erosion, scour, sedimentation, and karstification. In order to prevent some of the effects caused by these processes, geotechnical remedial works have been designed and implemented over time. However, in some cases the remedial actions have not exhibited a proper behavior. For this reason, a better understanding of local conditions is required in order to conceive more effective solutions. This paper provides an overview of a methodological framework for geotechnical assessment and design of mitigation measures based on the evaluation of geological and geomorphological aspects, computational tools, and data processing. Finally, the characteristics of an existing and unsuccessful mitigation civil work are described, and a brief summary of the relevant geotechnical aspects of the proposed design are presented.

scholarly journals The Role of Public Spaces in Small Municipality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Moravcová ◽  
Jiri Pecenka ◽  
Denisa Pekna ◽  
Vendula Moravcova ◽  
Nikola Novakova
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical Type ◽  
Over Time

Public spaces are a subspace of municipality space: they are its physical type, closely linked to permanent settlements, especially to cities. There are both social communication and movement of people, things and goods. These are classic, usually architecturally designed spaces between buildings: squares, agora, streets and parks. Public spaces in small municipalities have been crucial to the functioning of the community, their social, historically, and also economic life. In various types of rural municipalities, the function and formation of public spaces have changed over the course of history, often in relation to the geographical location of the municipality in terms of location or local conditions and customs. Nowadays, the tourist attraction of the place is also an important driving element in the form of public spaces. This chapter should show how public spaces have changed over time using examples of different types of municipalities and show examples of good and somewhat worse care for them.

Measuring Agency Change Across the Domain of Hypnosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince Polito ◽  
Amanda Barnier ◽  
Erik Woody
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Hypnotic Induction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Postexperimental Inquiry

Building on Hilgard’s (1965) classic work, the domain of hypnosis has been conceptualised by Barnier, Dienes, and Mitchell (2008) as comprising three levels: (1) classic hypnotic items, (2) responding between and within items, and (3) state and trait. The current experiment investigates sense of agency across each of these three levels. Forty-six high hypnotisable participants completed an ideomotor (arm levitation), a challenge (arm rigidity) and a cognitive (anosmia) item either following a hypnotic induction (hypnosis condition) or without a hypnotic induction (wake condition). In a postexperimental inquiry, participants rated their feelings of control at three time points for each item: during the suggestion, test and cancellation phases. They also completed the Sense of Agency Rating Scale (Polito, Barnier, & Woody, 2013) for each item. Pass rates, control ratings, and agency scores fluctuated across the different types of items and for the three phases of each item; also, control ratings and agency scores often differed across participants who passed versus failed each item. Interestingly, whereas a hypnotic induction influenced the likelihood of passing items, it had no direct effect on agentive experiences. These results suggest that altered sense of agency is not a unidimensional or static quality “switched on” by hypnotic induction, but a dynamic multidimensional construct that varies across items, over time and according to whether individuals pass or fail suggestions.

Imagery in the Book of Revelation

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Konrad Huber
Keyword(s):  
Reception History ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
Emotional Effect ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Figurative Speech ◽  
Theological Message ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The chapter first surveys different types of figurative speech in Revelation, including simile, metaphor, symbol, and narrative image. Second, it considers the way images are interrelated in the narrative world of the book. Third, it notes how the images draw associations from various backgrounds, including biblical and later Jewish sources, Greco-Roman myths, and the imperial cult, and how this enriches the understanding of the text. Fourth, the chapter looks at the rhetorical impact of the imagery on readers and stresses in particular its evocative, persuasive, and parenetic function together with its emotional effect. And fifth, it looks briefly at the way reception history shows how the imagery has engaged readers over time. Thus, illustrated by numerous examples, it becomes clear how essentially the imagery of the book of Revelation constitutes and determines its theological message.

scholarly journals The Biography of an Algorithm: Performing algorithmic technologies in organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 263178772110046
Author(s):  
Vern L. Glaser ◽  
Neil Pollock ◽  
Luciana D’Adderio
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Over Time

Algorithms are ubiquitous in modern organizations. Typically, researchers have viewed algorithms as self-contained computational tools that either magnify organizational capabilities or generate unintended negative consequences. To overcome this limited understanding of algorithms as stable entities, we propose two moves. The first entails building on a performative perspective to theorize algorithms as entangled, relational, emergent, and nested assemblages that use theories—and the sociomaterial networks they invoke—to automate decisions, enact roles and expertise, and perform calculations. The second move entails building on our dynamic perspective on algorithms to theorize how algorithms evolve as they move across contexts and over time. To this end, we introduce a biographical perspective on algorithms which traces their evolution by focusing on key “biographical moments.” We conclude by discussing how our performativity-inspired biographical perspective on algorithms can help management and organization scholars better understand organizational decision-making, the spread of technologies and their logics, and the dynamics of practices and routines.

scholarly journals Effect of scent on comfort of aircraft passengers

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (s1) ◽  
pp. S273-S280
Author(s):  
Xinhe Yao ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Peter Vink
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Aircraft Cabin ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND: Scents may influence the perceived comfort of an environment. There are only a few studies conducted on the relationship between scent and comfort in aircraft cabin. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this research is to explore whether relationships between scents and perceived comfort can be found for passengers in an aircraft cabin. METHODS: 276 participants joined an experiment in a Boeing 737 fuselage. The participants were divided into nine groups and each joined a session for 60 minutes with the exposure to different scents. The effect of the odor was measured by a set of questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the session. Results of questionnaires were analyzed regarding the effects on the completion time, of the type of scents, of the intensity of the scent and on gender. RESULTS: Significant differences were found at the beginning and at the end of the experiment regarding comfort and emotion, but sometimes no relations could be established. The influence of different scents on comfort/discomfort varied and changed over time. However, in all scenarios, participant’ scores on emotion decreased. Additionally, the added scents influenced the linearity between the changes in comfort and discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Smell could influence the perceived comfort/discomfort of aircraft passengers over time, and different types of smells have different effects on passengers. The preferences on scents are diverse, which highlights the need for personalization in aircraft cabin design.

Canadian Exceptionalism: Explaining Differences over Time in Provincial and Federal Voter Turnout

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donley T. Studlar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
The Political ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Industrial Democracies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

Canada is unusual among advanced industrial democracies in having some provinces which regularly have greater voter turnouts for provincial than for federal elections. Provincial and federal turnouts by province in Canada are analyzed for the 1945-1998 period using multiple regression analysis, both for each set of elections and by comparing differences between the two. Federal turnout has declined over the years but provincial turnout appears to have increased slightly. Although the effects found here largely confirm previous findings about the relative effects of different types of variables found for the Canadian federal level only, several of the political explanations previously supported in cross-national research find less support. Instead, region, population density, months since the last federal or provincial election, and season of the year generally have greater and sometimes more consistent effects. This suggests the need for more studies of turnout in democracies at sub-central levels.

Ruling out Change: Institutional Impediments to Transfer of Technology in Ship Building and Design in the Far East

Itinerario ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Bao Leshi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technological Tradition

In the Chinese technological tradition, no sector, apart from that of agriculture, is as rich in original ideas as naval architecture. Over the past three millennia, hundreds of different types of craft have been developed for use on China's shallow lakes, on its fast flowing rivers and along its often stormy coastal waters. Each type was developed for specific use as a means of transportation, and would seem to represent the ultimate answer to the challenges posed by local conditions. Ultimate answer, that is, within the limitations of the traditional building materials with which these boats were constructed and fitted out. Nor was ingenuity confined to construction techniques.

Modified equations for hydraulic calculation of thermally insulated oil pipelines for the case of a power-law fluid

2021 ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Марат Замирович Ямилев ◽  
Азат Маратович Масагутов ◽  
Александр Константинович Николаев ◽  
Владимир Викторович Пшенин ◽  
Наталья Алексеевна Зарипова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Power Law Fluid ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipelines

Теплогидравлический расчет неизотермических трубопроводов является наиболее важным гидравлическим расчетом в рамках решения задач обеспечения надежности и безопасности работы нефтепроводной системы. Для практических расчетов применяются формулы Дарси - Вейсбаха и Лейбензона. При этом в ряде случаев (короткие теплоизолированные участки, поверхностный обогрев нефтепроводов) можно использовать упрощенный подход к расчету, пренебрегая изменением температуры или учитывая температурные поправки. В настоящее время формулы для аналитического расчета движения высоковязких нефтей в форме уравнения Лейбензона получены только для ньютоновской и вязкопластичной жидкостей. Для степенной жидкости соответствующие зависимости отсутствуют, расчет ведется с использованием формулы Дарси - Вейсбаха. Целью настоящей статьи является представление формулы Дарси - Вейсбаха для изотермических течений степенной жидкости в форме уравнения Лейбензона. Данное представление позволит упростить процедуру проведения аналитических выкладок. В результате получены модифицированные уравнения Лейбензона для определения потери напора на участке нефтепровода в диапазоне индекса течения от 0,5 до 1,25. В указанном диапазоне относительное отклонение от результатов расчетов с использованием классических формул Метцнера - Рида и Ирвина не превышает 2 %. The thermal-hydraulic calculation of non-isothermal pipelines is the most important hydraulic calculation in the framework of solving the problems of ensuring the reliability and safety of the oil pipeline system. For practical calculations, the Darcy - Weisbach and Leibenson formulas are used. Moreover, in a number of cases (short heat-insulated sections, surface heating of oil pipelines), a simplified approach to the calculation can be used, neglecting temperature changes or taking into account temperature corrections. At present, formulas for the analytical calculation of the motion of high-viscosity oils in the form of the Leibenson equation have been obtained only for Newtonian and viscoplastic fluids. For a power-law fluid, there are no corresponding dependences; the calculation is carried out using the Darcy - Weisbach formula. The purpose of this article is to present the Darcy - Weisbach formula for isothermal flows of a power-law fluid in the Leibenzon form, which will simplify the procedure for performing analytical calculations. The modified Leibenzon equations are obtained to determine the head loss in the oil pipeline section in the range of the flow index from 0.5 to 1.25. In the specified range, the relative deviation from the results of calculations using the classical Metzner - Reed and Irwin formulas does not exceed 2 %.

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