Landslide Followed by a Leak at the Patagonian Andes, Argentina

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Carnicero ◽  
Pedro Hryciuk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Gas Leak ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Patagonian Andes ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Time Frames

Gasoducto del Pacífico is a pipeline that carries natural gas from southern Argentina to Chile, through the Patagonian Andes. During previous years of operation only minor sign of soil movement were registered by the monitoring program, taking the form of ditch settlements. However, on September, 2005 a landslide took place producing a gas leak, at a segment that was previously characterized as a non-critical one. An initial office review of available information and site pictures would not yield a clear reason of land movement initiation given the terrain mild slope. Actions were taken aiming at three different time frames. Immediate remedial actions were taken such as ditch opening to free stresses and replacement of buckled pipeline. Integrity specialist flew to the site to conduct geological survey and a stress analysis was conducted at a lab, allowing to asses and manage present risk before transportation began. Mid-term solutions were implemented as the ditch remained open until the next summer season, when access to the site was guaranteed. Finally, two new river crossings were constructed to mitigate this natural hazard permanently. Lessons from this incident revealed design aspects that need to be reconsidered to assure mountain pipelines integrity.

Canadian Wildlife Service's Herring Gull Monitoring Program: Importance to the development of environmental policy on organohalogens

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Herring Gull ◽  
Edema Disease ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Canadian Wildlife

The biological context for the selection of the herring gull (Larus argentatus), from a long list of candidate species, as an indicator of the restoration of Great Lakes water quality is further elaborated. Embryo mortality and deformities in herring gull chicks led to the hypothesis that the Lake Ontario population was exhibiting chick edema disease. Subsequent observation of the suite of lesions associated with chick edema disease in herring gull chicks led to the hypothesis that the Great Lakes were contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Forensic toxicology, as a collaboration of environmental chemistry, biology and pathology, could form a rational basis for policy decisions about remedial actions to restore extirpated fish and wildlife populations and to protect public health. Key words: indicator, restoration, diagnosis, forensic toxicology, public health.

scholarly journals Australian Bushfires: Current trends, causes, and social-ecological impacts

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Lisa-Michéle Bott ◽  
Sebastian Fastenrath
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
The World ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Extreme Fire

Bushfires are common events in Australia reaching their peak each summer season. However, the last bushfire season from July 2019 until March 2020 was unprecedented. An estimated area between 240,000 up to 400,000 km² burned, with the southeast coast being particularly affected. The images of burnt flora and fauna and the fires that raged for months went around the world. It became clear how vulnerable both Australia’s communities and ecosystems are to this natural hazard, which is becoming more frequent and intense. Australia’s southeast is increasingly vulnerable against the often sudden event of bushfires. This article discusses the current trends, causes for this extreme fire season, the socio-economic and ecological impacts, and the resulting adaptation processes.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Phragmites australis of Shatt AL-Arab River. South of Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafid Ahmed Taha Al-Zabad ◽  
Ayad H. Al-Khafaji ◽  
Hamid T.AL-Saad
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
South Of Iraq ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Mass Type

ABSTRACT The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined from Autumn season 2019 to summer season 2020 at six sites they are: ( Al-Qurna, Al-Deer, Al-Qarma, Al-Ashar, Abu-Al-khasib, Al-Fao )  in Shatt Al-Arab river, Basrah city, south of Iraq. water samples were taken at each site and were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MASS) type of Agilent 7890A for PCBs levels. The results indicate that PCBs are detected in all Phragmites australis  samples and its concentrations range from 1.45 ng/g to 4.11 ng/g , 5.34 ng/g to 7.99 ng/g, 2.19 ng/g to 3.59 ng/g and 0.45 ng/g to 8.09 ng/g in Autumn, Winter, Spring and Summer seasons, respectively. The Al-Qurna and Al-Ashar sites were found to have the lowest and highest mean levels of PCBs concentrations 0.035 ng/g and 0.622 ng/g, respectively. Total congeners PCBs (PCB 18, 29, 31, 28, 44, 52, 101, 141, 149, 138,153, 189, and 194) concentrations at the Phragmite australis  samples for all sites ranged from 0.45 ng/g in Al-Qurna station during summer season to 8.09 ng/g in Al-Ashar station during summer season. Σhexa-PCBs and Σtri-PCBs were dominating in comparison with others PCBs congeners. This study is a first of its kind in the region and could have available information and could be used as a baseline study in the future.

scholarly journals A Proactive Environmental Approach for Preventing Legionellosis in Infants: Water Sampling and Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring, a 3-Years Survey Program

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Alexandropoulou ◽  
Theodoros Parasidis ◽  
Theocharis Konstantinidis ◽  
Maria Panopoulou ◽  
Theodoros Constantinidis
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Waterborne Infections ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Resistant Strains

A proactive environmental monitoring program was conducted to determine the risk and prevent nosocomial waterborne infections of Legionella spp. in infants. Sink taps in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and two obstetric clinics were monitored for Legionella spp. A total of 59 water samples were collected during a 3-year period and 20 of them were found colonized with Legionella pneumophila. Standard culture, molecular, and latex agglutination methods were used for the detection and identification of Legionella bacteria. Hospital personnel also proceeded with remedial actions (hyperchlorination and thermal shock treatment) in the event of colonization. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of erythromycin, ciprofloxacin was determined for Legionella isolates using the e-test method. Our data indicate that the majority of neonatal sink-taps were colonized at least once during the study with Legionella spp. Among 20 isolates, 5 were considered as low-level resistant, 3 in erythromycin and 2 in ciprofloxacin, while no resistant strains were detected. Environmental surveillance in neonatal and obstetric units is suggested to prevent waterborne infections, and thus to reduce the risk of neonatal nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals РОЗВИТОК КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ЦІЛІСНИХ АРЕАЛІВ ПТАХІВ: АНАЛІЗ МІГРАЦІЙНИХ ШЛЯХІВ

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
О. V. Matsyura ◽  
P. І. Gorlov ◽  
М. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Abundance Estimation ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Available Information

<p>Data on distribution and abundance of Ukraine migratory birds have nonsystematic character. Up to now there is no integrated evaluation of migratory bird populations’ status. The available information is of regional importance or it covers limited time period. Therefore, it is obvious to unite all the relevant information in order to establish monitoring program and work out the methodic on migratory birds abundance estimation concerning the Black-Mediterranean Sea Flyway.</p>

Are salamanders good bioindicators of sustainable forest management in boreal forests?

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Pearce ◽  
Lisa Venier
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Plethodon Cinereus ◽  
Ambystoma Laterale ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Capture Rates

Salamanders have been identified as potential indicators of sustainable forest management in boreal Ontario, Canada. However, little information is available on their distribution, abundance, and habitat associations within the boreal forests on which to base a monitoring program. We surveyed salamanders near White River, Ontario, and related their distribution to climate and vegetation information and to habitat suitability models currently used for forest planning within the region. Primarily red-backed salamanders ( Plethodon cinereus Green) and blue-spotted salamanders ( Ambystoma laterale Hallowell) were recorded, although both were observed in low numbers and captures varied spatially and temporally. Capture rates were 3–7 times lower for P. cinereus than has been reported elsewhere. Trend monitoring will be expensive and have low power to detect significant declines over moderate time frames unless capture rates can be doubled and within-site variability in capture rates halved. We found few strong habitat relationships using either coverboard or pitfall trap data. Plethodon cinereus was negatively correlated with the volume of downed wood, which has been noted in other regions and may be an artefact of the coverboard survey technique. Further focused studies in the boreal forest are required to support the use of both habitat supply models and trend analysis to monitor salamander populations.

Ultrastructural Alterations in Hela Cells Induced by Spider Venom

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Dale E. McClendon ◽  
Paul N. Morgan ◽  
Bernard L. Soloff
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Venom Protein ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Loxosceles Reclusa ◽  
Essential Growth ◽  
Solution Cultures

It has been observed that minute amounts of venom from the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, are capable of producing cytotoxic changes in cultures of certain mammalian cells (Morgan and Felton, 1965). Since there is little available information concerning the effect of venoms on susceptible cells, we have attempted to characterize, at the electron microscope level, the cytotoxic changes produced by the venom of this spider.Cultures of human epithelial carcinoma cells, strain HeLa, were initiated on sterile, carbon coated coverslips contained in Leighton tubes. Each culture was seeded with approximately 1x105 cells contained in 1.5 ml of a modified Eagle's minimum essential growth medium prepared in Hank's balanced salt solution. Cultures were incubated at 36° C. for three days prior to the addition of venom. The venom was collected from female brown recluse spiders and diluted in sterile saline. Protein determinations on the venom-were made according to the spectrophotometric method of Waddell (1956). Approximately 10 μg venom protein per ml of fresh medium was added to each culture after discarding the old growth medium. Control cultures were treated similarly, except that no venom was added. All cultures were reincubated at 36° C.

Eds Of Radioactive Particles By Self-Induced Fluorescence

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Finch ◽  
Richard G. Cuddihy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reactor Accident ◽  
Internal Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
External Sources ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Individual Particles

The elemental composition of individual particles is commonly measured by using energydispersive spectroscopic microanalysis (EDS) of samples excited with electron beam irradiation. Similarly, several investigators have characterized particles by using external monochromatic X-irradiation rather than electrons. However, there is little available information describing measurements of particulate characteristic X rays produced not from external sources of radiation, but rather from internal radiation contained within the particle itself. Here, we describe the low-energy (< 20 KeV) characteristic X-ray spectra produced by internal radiation self-excitation of two general types of particulate samples; individual radioactive particles produced during the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident and radioactive fused aluminosilicate particles (FAP). In addition, we compare these spectra with those generated by conventional EDS.Approximately thirty radioactive particle samples from the Chernobyl accident were on a sample of wood that was near the reactor when the accident occurred. Individual particles still on the wood were microdissected from the bulk matrix after bulk autoradiography.

Dimensions of Multiskilling

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Support Personnel ◽  
Educational Personnel ◽  
Educational Audiology ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss ◽  
Improve Service Delivery

Educational audiologists often must delegate certain tasks to other educational personnel who function as support personnel and need training in order to perform assigned tasks. Support personnel are people who, after appropriate training, perform tasks that are prescribed, directed, and supervised by a professional such as a certified and licensed audiologist. The training of support personnel to perform tasks that are typically performed by those in other disciplines is calledmultiskilling. This article discusses multiskilling and the use of support personnel in educational audiology in reference to the following principles: guidelines, models of multiskilling, components of successful multiskilling, and "dos and don’ts" for multiskilling. These principles are illustrated through the use of multiskilling in the establishment of a hearing aid monitoring program. Successful multiskilling and the use of support personnel by educational audiologists can improve service delivery to school-age children with hearing loss.

A Guide to Coding and Billing for the Audiological Management of Patients Receiving Ototoxic Medical Treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-946
Author(s):  
Dawn Konrad-Martin ◽  
Neela Swanson ◽  
Angela Garinis
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Current Method ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Party Payer ◽  
High Frequency Audiometry ◽  
Icd 10

Purpose Improved medical care leading to increased survivorship among patients with cancer and infectious diseases has created a need for ototoxicity monitoring programs nationwide. The goal of this report is to promote effective and standardized coding and 3rd-party payer billing practices for the audiological management of symptomatic ototoxicity. Method The approach was to compile the relevant International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10-CM) codes and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT; American Medical Association) codes and explain their use for obtaining reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance. Results Each claim submitted to a payer for reimbursement of ototoxicity monitoring must include both ICD-10-CM codes to report the patient's diagnosis and CPT codes to report the services provided by the audiologist. Results address the general 3rd-party payer guidelines for ototoxicity monitoring and ICD-10-CM and CPT coding principles and provide illustrative examples. There is no “stand-alone” CPT code for high-frequency audiometry, an important test for ototoxicity monitoring. The current method of adding a –22 modifier to a standard audiometry code and then submitting a letter rationalizing why the test was done has inconsistent outcomes and is time intensive for the clinician. Similarly, some clinicians report difficulty getting reimbursed for detailed otoacoustic emissions testing in the context of ototoxicity monitoring. Conclusions Ethical practice, not reimbursement, must guide clinical practice. However, appropriate billing and coding resulting in 3rd-party reimbursement for audiology services rendered is critical for maintaining an effective ototoxicity monitoring program. Many 3rd-party payers reimburse for these services. For any CPT code, payment patterns vary widely within and across 3rd-party payers. Standardizing coding and billing practices as well as advocacy including letters from audiology national organizations may be necessary to help resolve these issues of coding and coverage in order to support best practice recommendations for ototoxicity monitoring.

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