Research Progress of Sand Transport Mechanism and Critical Conditions in Pipelines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuanPeng You ◽  
LiMin He ◽  
Xiaoming Luo ◽  
KaiYue Shi ◽  
JianPeng Su
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Particle Properties ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Sand Flow ◽  
Pattern Transformation ◽  
Sand Deposition

Abstract Sand deposition and transportation in pipelines has become one of the major concerns for flow assurance in petroleum industry. However, research in this field is still in its infancy. This study describes the current development of sand deposition and sand transport in pipeline. The mechanism of particles deposition is described. The effects of particle properties, fluid properties and pipeline structure on the carrying capacity of single-phase and multiphase flow carrying sand are introduced, with emphasis on factors such as particle size, liquid viscosity, flow regime and pipeline inclination. As for modeling studies, the sand transport models can be classified to three categories based on the approach used to develop them: empirical, mechanistic, and semi-mechanistic. The methods for developing and extending models are illustrated in this study. Based on the experimental data, the prediction accuracy of four multiphase models for critical velocity in stratified flow is verified. Further researches should focus on the mechanisms and the establishment of the accurate model for sand flow pattern transformation boundary.

Sand Transport in Slightly Upward Inclined Multiphase Flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Dabirian ◽  
Ram Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham ◽  
Gene Kouba
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Stratified Flow ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Deposition Condition ◽  
Sand Flow ◽  
Sand Deposition

In order to assess the critical sand deposition condition, a unique 4-in ID test facility was designed and constructed, which enables the pipe to be inclined 1.5 deg upward. Experiments were conducted with air–water-glass beads at low sand concentrations (< 10,000 ppm), and the air and water flow rates were selected to ensure stratified flow regime along the pipe. At constant superficial liquid velocity, the gas velocity was reduced to find the critical sand deposition velocity. Six sand flow regimes are identified, namely, fully dispersed solid flow, dilute solids at the wall, concentrated solids at the wall, moving dunes, stationary dunes, and stationary bed. The experimental results reveal that sand flow regimes under air–water stratified flow are strong functions of phase velocities, particle size, and particle concentration. Also, the results show that air–water flow regime plays an important role in particle transport; slug flow has high capability to transport particles at the pipe bottom, while the stratified flow has high risk of sand deposition. As long as the sand dunes are observed at the pipe bottom, the critical sand deposition velocities slightly increase with concentrations, while for stationary bed, the critical velocity increases exponentially with concentration.

Modeling Gas-Liquid Head Performance of Electrical Submersible Pumps

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Datong Sun ◽  
Mauricio Prado
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Liquid Model ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pumps ◽  
Pump Head ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Interfacial Characteristic ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Shock Loss

This study presents a new gas-liquid model to predict Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP) head performance. The newly derived approach based on gas-liquid momentum equations along pump channels has improved the Sachdeva model [1, 2] in the petroleum industry and generalized the Minemura model [3] in the nuclear industry. The new two-phase model includes novel approaches for wall frictional losses for each phase using a gas-liquid stratified assumption and existing correlations, a new shock loss model incorporating rotational speeds, a new correlation for drag coefficient and interfacial characteristic length effects by fitting the model results with experimental data, and an algorithm to solve the model equations. The model can predict pressure and void fraction distributions along impellers and diffusers in addition to the pump head performance curve under different fluid properties, pump intake conditions, and rotational speeds.

scholarly journals Instability of the Non-Isothermal Inclined Film Flow of a Power-Law Fluid With Temperature Dependent Consistency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahmud Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Film Flow ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Equilibrium Flow ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Power Law Fluid ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Fluid Properties

In this thesis we undertake a theoretical study of the flow stability of a liquid film with power-law rheology down a heated incline. We develop and implement a mathematical model for the flow that captures the variation with temperature of the rheological aspect of the fluid. We carry out a linear stability analysis and obtain Orr-Sommerfeld type equations for the evolution of infintesimal perturbations imposed on the equilibrium flow. We obtain asymptotic solutions based on the assumption of perturbations of long wavelength and small variation in viscosity with respect to temperature. We investigate the critical conditions for the onset of instability and determine the effect of a non-Newtonian reheology and the dependence of the fluid properties on temperature

scholarly journals MATERIAL PLACEMENT IN THE NEARSHORE: LABORATORY AND NUMERICAL MODEL INVESTIGATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley D. Johnson ◽  
Ernest R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Correction Factor ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Advective Transport ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Gradient Diffusion ◽  
Analytical Correction ◽  
Suspended Layer

Typical practice for a century has been to transport dredged sand to an offshore disposal site in deep water where the sediment is lost from the littoral system. The alternative of nearshore placement can retain the sand, but the fate of the material is poorly understood. A set of laboratory experiments were conducted, using tracer sand, with the intent of quantifying the migration of material with alternative dredged mound placements within the surf zone. Conventional depth-integrated tracer sand transport models can utilize a correction factor or a gradient diffusion mechanism to represent the effects of the depth variation. In the surf zone, however, an analytical correction factor is not available and a gradient diffusion coefficient is arbitrary with no physical basis. An alternative simple advective transport sand model is introduced herein that explicitly predicts both the advection associated with the return current and the wave-related onshore transport. With a simple framework based on a suspended layer and a bedload layer of arbitrary transport directions, the Taylor dispersion of tracer sand is explicitly computed without any dependence on a diffusion mechanism. Both the modeled and measured results indicate transport directed offshore by the undertow, onshore by the wave asymmetry, and down-drift as forced by the longshore current.

Comparison of the Californian Desert Dunes With the Mediterranean Coastal Dunes at the Sea Shores

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Structure ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Dune Morphology ◽  
Desert Dunes ◽  
Mixed Fluid

The development of the dunes is governed by the effects of turbulence. Turbulence is a type of fluid flow that is strongly rotational and apparently chaotic. Turbulence separates nearby parcels of air and thus mixed fluid properties. The evolution of sand dunes is determined by the interactions between the atmosphere, the surface and the transport and deposition of sand. We are concerned with this physical process and its computational simulation from three perspectives; namely, (1) flow structure; (2) sand transport and deposition and (3) interactions between flow structure and sand transport-deposition, which determine the dune morphology.

scholarly journals Fault seal modelling – the influence of fluid properties on fault sealing capacity in hydrocarbon and CO2 systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta Karolytė ◽  
Gareth Johnson ◽  
Graham Yielding ◽  
Stuart M.V. Gilfillan
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Interfacial Tensions ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Sealing Capacity ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Threshold Capillary Pressure

Fault seal analysis is a key part of understanding the hydrocarbon trapping mechanisms in the petroleum industry. Fault seal research has also been expanded to CO2–brine systems for the application to carbon capture and storage (CCS). The wetting properties of rock-forming minerals in the presence of hydrocarbons or CO2 are a source of uncertainty in the calculations of capillary threshold pressure, which defines the fault sealing capacity. Here, we explore this uncertainty in a comparison study between two fault-sealed fields located in the Otway Basin, SE Australia. The Katnook Field in the Penola Trough is a methane field, while Boggy Creek in Port Campbell contains a high-CO2–methane mixture. Two industry standard fault seal modelling methods, one based on laboratory measurements of fault samples and the other based on a calibration of a global dataset of known sealing faults, are used to discuss their relative strengths and applicability to the CO2 storage context. We identify a range of interfacial tensions and contact angle values in the hydrocarbon–water system under the conditions assumed by the second method. Based on this, the uncertainty related to the spread in fluid properties was determined to be 24% of the calculated threshold capillary pressure value. We propose a methodology of threshold capillary pressure conversion from hydrocarbons–brine to the CO2–brine system, using an input of appropriate interfacial tension and contact angle under reservoir conditions. The method can be used for any fluid system where fluid properties are defined by these two parameters.Supplementary material: (1) Fault seal modelling methods and calculations, and (2) hydrocarbon and CO2 interfacial tensions and contact angle values collected in the literature are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4877049This article is part of the Energy Geoscience Series available at https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/energy-geoscience-series

scholarly journals Validation of a Novel, Shear Reynolds Number Based Bed Load Transport Calculation Method for Mixed Sediments against Field Measurements

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely T. Török ◽  
János Józsa ◽  
Sándor Baranya
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Meaningful Improvement ◽  
Transport Calculation ◽  
Load Transport ◽  
Bed Material

In this study, the field measurement-based validation of a novel sediment transport calculation method is presented. River sections with complex bed topography and inhomogeneous bed material composition highlight the need for an improved sediment transport calculation method. The complexity of the morphodynamic features (spatially and temporally varied bed material) can result in the simultaneous appearance of the gravel and finer sand dominated sediment transport (e.g., parallel bed armoring and siltation) at different regions within a shorter river reach. For the improvement purpose of sediment transport calculation in such complex river beds, a novel sediment transport method was elaborated. The base concept of it was the combined use of two already existing empirical sediment transport models. The method was already validated against laboratory measurements. The major goal of this study was the verification of the novel method with a real river case study. The combining of the two sediment transport models was based on the implementation of a recently presented classification method of the locally dominant sediment transport nature (gravel or sand transport dominates). The results were compared with measured bed change maps. The verification clearly referred to the meaningful improvement in the sediment transport calculation by the novel manner in the case of spatially varying bed content.

Recalibrating aeolian sand transport models

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Sherman ◽  
Bailiang Li ◽  
Jean T. Ellis ◽  
Eugene J. Farrell ◽  
Luis Parente Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sand Transport ◽  
Aeolian Sand ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Aeolian Sand Transport

A Novel Approach to Subsea Multiphase Solid Transport

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
Kelani Bello ◽  
Babs Mufutau Oyeneyin ◽  
Gbenga Folorunso Oluyemi
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Solid Transport

Transportation of multiphase reservoir fluid through subsea tiebacks has gained considerable attention in recent years especially in the deep offshore and ultra deep offshore environments where there is increasing pressure on the operators to reduce development costs without compromising oil production. However, the main challenge associated with this means of transporting unprocessed reservoir fluids is the need to guarantee flow assurance and optimise production. Solids entrained in the fluid may drop off and settle at the bottom of horizontal pipe thereby reducing the space available to flow and causing erosion and corrosion of the pipeline. The problem has been largely attributed to insufficient flow velocity among other parameters required to keep the solids in suspension and prevent them from depositing in the pipe. The continuous changing flow patterns have introduced additional complexities dependent on gas and liquid flow rates. Acquisition of experimental data for model development and validation in multiphase flow has been largely focused on single and two phase flow. This has impeded our understanding of the behaviour and associated problems of three phase or four phase (oil, water, gas and solid) in pipes. The result is inappropriate solid transport models for three phase and four phase. In order to bridge this gap, the Well Engineering Research group at Robert Gordon University has initiated a project on integrated multiphase flow management system underpinned by comprehensive experimental investigation of multiphase solids transport. The project is aimed at developing precise/accurate sand transport models and an appropriate design and process optimisation simulator for subsea tiebacks. In this paper, the physics of the multiphase transport models being developed is presented. The models will allow for the prediction of key design and operational parameters such as flow patterns, phase velocity, pressure gradient, critical transport velocity, drag & lift forces, flow rate requirements and tiebacks sizing for transient multiphase flow. A new multiphase flow loop is being developed which will be used to generate experimental database for building and validating the theoretical models for use in a proposed integrated simulator for deepwater applications.

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