Application of In-Line Inspection and Failure Data to Reduce Subjectivity of Risk Model Scores for Uninspected Pipelines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Beauregard ◽  
Aaron Woo ◽  
Terry Huang
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Likelihood Model ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
Integrity Assessments

Pipeline risk models are used to prioritize integrity assessments and mitigative actions to achieve acceptable levels of risk. Some of these models rely on scores associated with parameters known or thought to contribute to a particular threat. For pipelines without in-line inspection (ILI) or direct assessment data, scores are often estimated by subject matter experts and as a result, are highly subjective. This paper describes a methodology for reducing the subjectivity of risk model scores by quantitatively deriving the scores based on ILI and failure data. This method is applied to determine pipeline coating and soil interaction scores in an external corrosion likelihood model for uninspected pipelines. Insights are drawn from the new scores as well as from a comparison with scores developed by subject matter experts.

Improving and Expanding Guided Wave Ultrasonics as an Assessment Option

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Smith ◽  
Zach Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
Pipeline Safety

The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), the pipeline industry and standards developing organizations (SDOs) are collaborating to improve the effectiveness and expand the application of Guided Wave Ultrasonics (GWUT). This paper will illustrate how these initiatives through integrity management (IM) regulation, collaborative research and development, technology demonstrations and consultation with subject matter experts (SME) are driving these improvements. These efforts are integrating GWUT technology with External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) and Pipeline Safety IM protocols and supporting higher confidence inspection of cased crossings. Previous to these initiatives only In-Line Inspection, Pressure Testing and Direct Assessment provided assessment options for the pipeline industry.

scholarly journals Ruin problems in Markov-modulated risk models

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C.M. Dickson ◽  
Marjan Qazvini
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Time ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Time Of Ruin ◽  
Compound Binomial ◽  
Compound Binomial Model ◽  
Markov Modulated ◽  
The Time Of Ruin

AbstractChen et al. (2014), studied a discrete semi-Markov risk model that covers existing risk models such as the compound binomial model and the compound Markov binomial model. We consider their model and build numerical algorithms that provide approximations to the probability of ultimate ruin and the probability and severity of ruin in a continuous time two-state Markov-modulated risk model. We then study the finite time ruin probability for a discrete m-state model and show how we can approximate the density of the time of ruin in a continuous time Markov-modulated model with more than two states.

Integrity Assessment of Non-Piggable Pipeline Through Direct Assessment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Prakash Sah ◽  
Mohammad Tanweer Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
External Corrosion

Managing the integrity of pipeline system is the primary goal of every pipeline operator. To ensure the integrity of pipeline system, its health assessment is very important and critical for ensuring safety of environment, human resources and its assets. In long term, managing pipeline integrity is an investment to asset protection which ultimately results in cost saving. Typically, the health assessment to managing the integrity of pipeline system is a function of operational experience and corporate philosophy. There is no single approach that can provide the best solution for all pipeline system. Only a comprehensive, systematic and integrated integrity management program provides the means to improve the safety of pipeline systems. Such programme provides the information for an operator to effectively allocate resources for appropriate prevention, detection and mitigation activities that will result in improved safety and a reduction in the number of incidents. Presently GAIL (INDIA) LTD. is operating & maintaining approximately 10,000Kms of natural gas/RLNG/LPG pipeline and HVJ Pipeline is the largest pipeline network of India which transports more than 50% of total gas being consumed in this country. HVJ pipeline system consists of more than 4500 Kms of pipeline having diameter range from 04” to 48”, which consist of piggable as well as non-piggable pipeline. Though, lengthwise non-piggable pipeline is very less but their importance cannot be ignored in to the totality because of their critical nature. Typically, pipeline with small length & connected to dispatch terminal are non-piggable and these pipelines are used to feed the gas to the consumer. Today pipeline industries are having three different types of inspection techniques available for inspection of the pipeline. 1. Inline inspection 2. Hydrostatic pressure testing 3. Direct assessment (DA) Inline inspection is possible only for piggable pipeline i.e. pipeline with facilities of pig launching & receiving and hydrostatic pressure testing is not possible for the pipeline under continuous operation. Thus we are left with direct assessment method to assess health of the non-piggable pipelines. Basically, direct assessment is a structured multi-step evaluation method to examine and identify the potential problem areas relating to internal corrosion, external corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking using ICDA (Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment), ECDA (External Corrosion Direct Assessment) and SCCDA (Stress Corrosion Direct Assessment). All the above DA is four steps iterative method & consist of following steps; a. Pre assessment b. Indirect assessment c. Direct assessment d. Post assessment Considering the importance of non-piggable pipeline, integrity assessment of following non piggable pipeline has done through direct assessment method. 1. 30 inch dia pipeline of length 0.6 km and handling 18.4 MMSCMD of natural gas 2. 18 inch dia pipeline of length 3.65 km and handling 4.0 MMSCMD of natural gas 3. 12 inch dia pipeline of length 2.08 km and handling 3.4 MMSCMD of natural gas In addition to ICDA, ECDA & SCCDA, Long Range Ultrasonic Thickness (LRUT-a guided wave technology) has also been carried out to detect the metal loss at excavated locations observed by ICDA & ECDA. Direct assessment survey for above pipelines has been conducted and based on the survey; high consequence areas have been identified. All the high consequence area has been excavated and inspected. No appreciable corrosion and thickness loss have observed at any area. However, pipeline segments have been identified which are most vulnerable and may have corrosion in future.

Development of an Instrument for Assessing Trauma Team Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 678-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kuenzle Haake ◽  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Colin Mackenzie ◽  
F. Jacob Seagull ◽  
Thomas Grissom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Real Patient ◽  
Widespread Application

Teamwork training is critical for patient safety and has been advocated for widespread application in many settings. A key challenge for evaluating teamwork training is measurement. Despite much effort, the team performance instruments reported thus far suffer from a variety shortcomings that prevent their wide application in assessing teams in real settings. Based on review of video recorded trauma team activities in real patient care, a multi-disciplinary research team developed an instrument based on observable behaviors (UMTOP). A set of video clips were reviewed by 6 subject matter experts who were requested to provide “descriptors” about the observed team activities. The 167 collated descriptors were combined to a reduced list, which was then sent to the subject matter experts for revision. The revised list was then categorized into 5 areas of team performance (task and clinical performance, leadership organization, teamwork organization, social environment, sterile precaution). UMTOP was developed to be a tradeoff among four criteria: ease of use, reliability, usefulness for team performance feedback, and speed of scoring. An initial assessment of reliability was conducted with surgeon and nursing reviewers.

scholarly journals On a Class of Semi-Markov Risk Models Obtained as Classical Risk Models in a Markovian Environment

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Reinhard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Model ◽  
Risk Process ◽  
Ruin Probabilities ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Markovian Environment ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Natural Way ◽  
Quantities Of Interest

AbstractWe consider a risk model in which the claim inter-arrivals and amounts depend on a markovian environment process. Semi-Markov risk models are so introduced in a quite natural way. We derive some quantities of interest for the risk process and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the fairness of the risk (positive asymptotic non-ruin probabilities). These probabilities are explicitly calculated in a particular case (two possible states for the environment, exponential claim amounts distributions).

scholarly journals Ascertaining the Suitability of Writing Syllabus Specifications to the CEFR: Subject Matter Experts’ Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nurul Farehah Mohamad Uri ◽  
Mohd Sallehhudin Abd Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Second Stage

The Implementation of CEFR in Malaysia is currently at the second stage whereby the classroom usage of the new CEFR-aligned syllabus and assessment has taken place since 2017 at all stages except for Form 5. Previous studies on CEFR in Malaysia have focused more on teachers’ views and their readiness in accepting the new changes. However, this study focusses more on ascertaining the suitability of the writing syllabus specifications against the CEFR writing scale to find out if the CEFR levels of writing syllabus specifications recommended by the teachers match the CEFR level set by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. A total of 331 secondary school teachers were asked to respond to the writing syllabus checklist and the Winstep SPSS was used for data analysis. Findings have shown that productive skills of the writing syllabus specifications were found not to be aligned to the target CEFR level set by the Ministry. In conclusion, adjustment and alignment processes should be made accordingly to align and match the non-CEFR aligned English syllabus to the CEFR global scale instead of eradicating it.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berorientasi Nilai-Nilai Agama Islam melalui Pendekatan Inkuiri Terbimbing pada Materi Suhu dan Kalor

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Latifah
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Percentage Score ◽  
Inquiry Approach ◽  
Apply Research

This is a research development that aim to produce product such as Student’s Worksheet (LKPD) oriented in values of Islam, through guided inquiry approach on the temperature and heat material for students of class X SMA/MA and to know the response of students toward it. The problem in this study include how to develop Student’s Worksheet (LKPD) oriented in values of Islam through guided inquiry approach on the temperature and heat material and the extent to which the response of students toward it.. This is a development research which apply Research and Development (R&D) method. Products produced is categorized as valid by the validation of subject matter experts with a percentage of 85%, subject matter experts to Islam with a score of 89% and design experts with a score of 91%, as well as products LKPD are very interesting based on the assessment of teachers with a percentage of 84%, and the response of students to the test field trials obtain a percentage score of 90%. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berorientasi nilai-nilai agama Islam melalui pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing pada materi suhu dan kalor untuk peserta didik kelas X SMA/MA dan untuk mengetahui respon peserta didik terhadap produk LKPD berorientasi nilai-nilai agama Islam melalui pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing pada materi suhu dan kalor untuk peserta didik kelas X SMA/MA . Masalah dalam penelitian ini antara lain bagaimanakah mengembangkan LKPD berorientasi nilai-nilai agama Islam melalui pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing pada materi suhu dan kalor dan sejauh manakah respon peserta didik terhadap LKPD berorientasi nilai-nilai agama Islam melalui pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing pada materi suhu dan kalor untuk peserta didik kelas X SMA/MA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan menggunakan metode penelitian Research and Development (R&D). Produk yang dihasilkan berkategori valid berdasarkan validasi dari ahli materi dengan persentase 85%, ahli materi agama Islam dengan skor 89% dan ahli desain dengan skor 91%, serta produk LKPD sangat menarik berdasarkan penilaian guru memperoleh persentase 84%, dan respon peserta didik pada uji coba lapangan memperoleh skor persentase 90%.

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