Development of a Pipeline Post Seismic Response Screening Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Warman ◽  
David Z. Kendrick ◽  
John D. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Event ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Design Basis ◽  
Threat Categories ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Seismic Models ◽  
Seismic Magnitude ◽  
High Threat

US pipeline operators may receive USGS automated earthquake notifications. In most of these cases, the seismic event poses little threat to pipeline assets. However, until an analysis is performed there can be uncertainty as to when and what actions should be taken. The paper describes the development and implementation of a simplified screening process to assess the effects of seismic events on buried pipelines. A design basis was established based on a literature review of seismic models, seismic-pipeline interactions, von Mises equivalent pipeline stress limits, standards, regulations, and practices that are currently used to assess seismic effects on buried pipelines. This design basis was used to develop a screening tool that provides a simple “pass/no pass” determination and is based on the readily obtained attributes (seismic magnitude and pipeline distance from the earthquake epicenter). “No Pass” scenarios are sub-divided into medium or high threat categories, with the latter likely needing to be evaluated on a more detailed basis. General guidelines and charts have been developed and incorporated into a general procedure to assess when and what actions should be taken.

Development of a Pipeline Surface Loading Screening Process

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Warman ◽  
Jules Chorney ◽  
Mike Reed ◽  
James D. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Design Basis

Pipeline Operators receive numerous requests annually to cross their pipelines. In many of these cases detailed analysis using a number of different methods are performed since no simplified approach is available. The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) with Kiefner and Associates, Inc. undertook the development of a screening methodology for vehicle loading. The hope is a standard approach to these analyses might be established to assist pipeline operating companies. This paper describes an approach detailing the development and implementation of a simplified screening process to assess the effects of surface loads on buried pipelines. A design basis was established based on a literature review to identify theoretical models, standards, codes, and recommended practices that are currently used to assess the surface loading effects on buried pipelines. This design basis was incorporated into a methodology utilized to develop a screening tool which provides a simple “pass/no pass” determination and is based on attributes which are generally easy to obtain (e.g., wheel or axle load, ground surface loading pressure, depth of cover, maximum allowable operating pressure and design factor). Situations which pass the initial screening would require no additional analysis while situations that do not pass the initial screening may need to be evaluated on a more detailed basis. Simplified graphs have been developed to assist in additional screening prior to performing a more detailed evaluation.

Stratal slicing, Part I: Realistic 3-D seismic model

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliu Zeng ◽  
Milo M. Backus ◽  
Kenneth T. Barrow ◽  
Noel Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Event ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Seismic Model ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Depositional Facies ◽  
Impedance Boundary ◽  
Depositional Units ◽  
Seismic Models

Two‐dimensional, fenced 2-D, and 3-D isosurface displays of some realistic 3-D seismic models built in the lower Miocene Powderhorn Field, Calhoun County, Texas, demonstrate that a seismic event does not necessarily follow an impedance boundary defined by a geological time surface. Instead, the position of a filtered impedance boundary relative to the geological time surface may vary with seismic frequency because of inadequate resolution of seismic data and to the en echelon or ramp arrangement of impedance anomalies of sandstone. Except for some relatively time‐parallel seismic events, the correlation error of event picking is large enough to distort or even miss the majority of the target zone on stratal slices. In some cases, reflections from sandstone bodies in different depositional units interfere to form a single event and, in one instance, an event tying as many as six depositional units (interbedded sandy and shaly layers) over 50 m was observed. Frequency independence is a necessary condition for selecting time‐parallel reference events. Instead of event picking, phantom mapping between such reference events is a better technique for picking stratal slices, making it possible to map detailed depositional facies within reservoir sequences routinely and reliably from 3-D seismic data.

Beyond Design Basis Seismic Analysis for Atucha II Nuclear Plant

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Frederick W. Brust ◽  
Gery Wilkowski ◽  
Heqin Xu ◽  
Alfredo A. Betervide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Seismic Event ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Design Basis ◽  
Heavy Water Reactor ◽  
And Performance

The Atucha II nuclear power plant is a pressurized heavy water reactor being constructed in Argentina. Nuclear power plants must be designed to maintain their integrity and performance of safety functions for a bounding set of normal operational events as well as abnormal events that might occur during the lifetime of the plant. Seismic fracture mechanics evaluations for the Atucha II plant showed that even with a seismic event with the amplitudes corresponding to an event with a probability of 10−6 per year, that a double-ended guillotine break (DEGB) was pragmatically impossible due to the incredibly high leakage rates and total loss of make-up water inventory. The critical circumferential through-wall flaw size for this case is 94-percent of the circumference. These analyses are performed by placing cracked-pipe-elements into a complete model of the primary cooling system including the reactor pressure vessel, pumps, and steam generators as summarized in the paper. This paper summarizes these results and further shows how much higher the applied accelerations would have to be to cause a DEGB for an initial circumferential through-wall crack that was 33 percent (about 120°) around the circumference. This flaw length would also be easily detected by leakage and loss of make-up water inventory. These analyses showed that the applied seismic peak-ground accelerations had to exceed 25 g’s for the case of this through-wall-crack to become a DEGB during a single seismic loading event. This is a factor of 80 times higher than the 10−6 seismic event accelerations, or 240 times higher than the SSE accelerations. This suggests there is a huge safety margin for beyond design basis seismic events and Atucha II plant rupture is pragmatically impossible. These surprising results are discussed and could be potentially applicable to other nuclear power plants as well.

Interdisciplinary Therapy Assessments for the Older Adult

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Lynn Chatfield ◽  
Sandra Christos ◽  
Michael McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Evidenced Based ◽  
Changing Economy

In a changing economy and a changing industry, health care providers need to complete thorough, comprehensive, and efficient assessments that provide both an accurate depiction of the patient's deficits and a blueprint to the path of treatment for older adults. Through standardized testing and observations as well as the goals and evidenced-based treatment plans we have devised, health care providers can maximize outcomes and the functional levels of patients. In this article, we review an interdisciplinary assessment that involves speech-language pathology, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and respiratory therapy to work with older adults in health care settings. Using the approach, we will examine the benefits of collaboration between disciplines, an interdisciplinary screening process, and the importance of sharing information from comprehensive discipline-specific evaluations. We also will discuss the importance of having an understanding of the varied scopes of practice, the utilization of outcome measurement tools, and a patient-centered assessment approach to care.

Interactive Effect of Dispositional Cognitive Avoidance, Magnitude of Threat, and Response Efficacy on the Persuasive Impact of Threat Communications

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Nestler ◽  
Boris Egloff
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Response Efficacy ◽  
Internet Study ◽  
High Threat

This internet study investigated the effect of individual differences in cognitive avoidance on the persuasive impact of threat communications. A total of 289 participants completed a measure of dispositional cognitive avoidance and read either a high- or a low-threat communication that provided either an effective response to reduce the threat or not. We found that cognitive avoidance did not moderate the effect of magnitude of threat when response efficacy was low. By contrast, cognitive avoidance was relevant when efficacy was high: After a high-threat message, low cognitive avoiders reported more favorable attitudes toward and intentions to adopt the action recommendation than high cognitive avoiders. Further analyses showed that severity perceptions mediate this effect of avoidance on attitudes and intentions. Individual differences in cognitive avoidance are thus an important moderator of the effectiveness of threat communications.

Review of Dynamic Response of Buried Pipelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 03120003
Author(s):  
Ronghuan Xu ◽  
Ruinian Jiang ◽  
Tie-jun Qu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Buried Pipelines

Which human qualities can economic liberalism be based on?

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Avtonomov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Values ◽  
High Rank ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Liberal Policy

The article asks which human qualities can serve as the base for a liberal economic policy. The author is looking for an answer to this question in the classical works of economic liberalism - in the books by F. Bastiat, L. von Mises, F. von Hayek, W. Eucken, and M. Friedman. The two main qualities can be summarized as follows: the relatively high rank of freedom among human values and rational utilitarian calculus. It is assumed that in those countries where the both human prerequisites are present the liberal policy (for instance, liberal reforms) can be self-supportive and may have good results. On the contrary, if the first prerequisite is missing and a liberal policy can be based only on rational calculus, the “paternalistic” liberalism prevails and chances for success are much smaller.

Effects of occlusal scheme on All-on-Four abutments, screws and prostheses: A three-dimensional finite element study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurullah Türker ◽  
Hümeyra Tercanlı Alkış ◽  
Steven J Sadowsky ◽  
Ulviye Şebnem Büyükkaplan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Group Function ◽  
Occlusal Contact ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Von Mises

An ideal occlusal scheme plays an important role in a good prognosis of All-on-Four applications, as it does for other implant therapies, due to the potential impact of occlusal loads on implant prosthetic components. The aim of the present three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) study was to investigate the stresses on abutments, screws and prostheses that are generated by occlusal loads via different occlusal schemes in the All-on-Four concept. Three-dimensional models of the maxilla, mandible, implants, implant substructures and prostheses were designed according to the All-on-Four concept. Forces were applied from the occlusal contact points formed in maximum intercuspation and eccentric movements in canine guidance occlusion (CGO), group function occlusion (GFO) and lingualized occlusion (LO). The von Mises stress values for abutment and screws and deformation values for prostheses were obtained and results were evaluated comparatively. It was observed that the stresses on screws and abutments were more evenly distributed in GFO. Maximum deformation values for prosthesis were observed in the CFO model for lateral movement both in the maxilla and mandible. Within the limits of the present study, GFO may be suggested to reduce stresses on screws, abutments and prostheses in the All-on-Four concept.

Effectiveness of Classification Measures in Predicting Achievement in the Israel Defence Forces - Fitness Instruction Trainers Courses as a Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 145-172
Author(s):  
Yair Galily ◽  
Orly Kayam ◽  
Michael Bar-Eli
Keyword(s):  
Training System ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Army Service ◽  
Israeli Army ◽  
Israel Defense Forces

Abstract Human resources are the most crucial element in the selection of suitable fitness instruction trainers (FIT) and the results of the screening process impact greatly on the entire physical training system in the Israeli army, both in the short-term and the long-term (potential officers, young officers and developing and veteran officers). The aim of the current study is to examine the effectiveness, validity and reliability of the screening process for acceptance to the female fitness instructors training course in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The screening process aims to identify those that are most suitable from a large pool of candidates, in order to ensure the highest possible level of candidates and the lowest possible drop-out rate from the training course and subsequent army service. The paper examines the reliability of the classification exam currently administered in the course and its validity in predicting those candidates who will succeed in the course and in their assignments afterwards. The sample is based on a data analysis of nine screening dates over three years (three each year). The evaluation of validity is based on the relationship between the course entrance exam grades (administered a year before enlistment), exam grades at the beginning of the course and additional data relating to success in the field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document