SCC In-Field Inspection Technology Evaluation and its Application to EMAT Based Pipeline Integrity Management Programs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samarth Tandon ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Ravi Krishnamurthy ◽  
Richard Kania ◽  
Mark Piazza
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Technology Evaluation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Field Inspection ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
Integrity Management

Most recently, as a complement to the ongoing efforts to monitor and document improvements in EMAT ILI technology, PRCI conducted an extensive study of NDE inspection technologies for characterizing SCC in pipelines using various in-ditch technologies and methods. The test pipes used for the study were cut outs from an operating pipeline where SCC features were identified and sized using EMAT ILI technologies. These are now sized with the NDE study and correlated with EMAT data to support an improvement of EMAT technology in characterizing SCC features. More importantly, the test pipes were burst tested to failure, with post failure analysis completed to fully characterize the crack features, including detailed length and depth measurements. This complete data set provides a comprehensive view of the current capabilities of NDE inspection technologies and EMAT ILI technologies to detect and characterize SCC and crack-like features. In this paper, the approach used for the evaluation of in-ditch NDE and EMAT ILI technologies is presented first. The in-ditch NDE technologies used for evaluation which were commonly used for SCC characterization are then described. SCC characterization results from in-ditch NDE and EMAT ILI are summarized and compared to those directly measured from fracture surfaces exposed by burst tests. The findings and its application to pipeline integrity management programs are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic and Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Yearling Weight Gain in Israel Holstein Dairy Calves

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Moran Gershoni ◽  
Joel Ira Weller ◽  
Ephraim Ezra
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

Yearling weight gain in male and female Israeli Holstein calves, defined as 365 × ((weight − 35)/age at weight) + 35, was analyzed from 814,729 records on 368,255 animals from 740 herds recorded between 1994 and 2021. The variance components were calculated based on valid records from 2008 through 2017 for each sex separately and both sexes jointly by a single-trait individual animal model analysis, which accounted for repeat records on animals. The analysis model also included the square root, linear, and quadratic effects of age at weight. Heritability and repeatability were 0.35 and 0.71 in the analysis of both sexes and similar in the single sex analyses. The regression of yearling weight gain on birth date in the complete data set was −0.96 kg/year. The complete data set was also analyzed by the same model as the variance component analysis, including both sexes and accounting for differing variance components for each sex. The genetic trend for yearling weight gain, including both sexes, was 1.02 kg/year. Genetic evaluations for yearling weight gain was positively correlated with genetic evaluations for milk, fat, protein production, and cow survival but negatively correlated with female fertility. Yearling weight gain was also correlated with the direct effect on dystocia, and increased yearling weight gain resulted in greater frequency of dystocia. Of the 1749 Israeli Holstein bulls genotyped with reliabilities >50%, 1445 had genetic evaluations. As genotyping of these bulls was performed using several single nucleotide polymorhphism (SNP) chip platforms, we included only those markers that were genotyped in >90% of the tested cohort. A total of 40,498 SNPs were retained. More than 400 markers had significant effects after permutation and correction for multiple testing (pnominal < 1 × 10−8). Considering all SNPs simultaneously, 0.69 of variance among the sires’ transmitting ability was explained. There were 24 markers with coefficients of determination for yearling weight gain >0.04. One marker, BTA-75458-no-rs on chromosome 5, explained ≈6% of the variance among the estimated breeding values for yearling weight gain. ARS-BFGL-NGS-39379 had the fifth largest coefficient of determination in the current study and was also found to have a significant effect on weight at an age of 13–14 months in a previous study on Holsteins. Significant genomic effects on yearling weight gain were mainly associated with milk production quantitative trait loci, specifically with kappa casein metabolism.

scholarly journals Failure Analysis in University and Computer Science Contexts With Data Mining

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela De Souza Gomes ◽  
Marcos Henrique Fonseca Ribeiro ◽  
Giovanni Ventorim Comarela ◽  
Gabriel Philippe Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Support Students

High failure rates are a worrying and relevant problem in Brazilian universities. From a data set of student transcripts, we performed a study case for both general and Computer Science contexts, in which Data Mining Techniques were used to find patterns concerning failures. The knowledge acquired can be used for better educational administration and also build intelligent systems to support students’ decision making.

scholarly journals Standard geomagnetic observatory data in tectonomagnetism: case study related to the M 5.7 Timisoara, Romania, earthquake

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Popeskov
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Observatory Data ◽  
Set Up

There has recently been much discussion of large-scale interactions of fault zones and the influence of large-scale processes in the preparation and triggering of earthquakes. As a consequence, an official recommendation was issued to set up observational networks at regional scale. In this context, the existing network of standard geomagnetic observatories might play a more important role in future tectonomagnetic studies. The data from standard geomagnetic observatories are basically not appropriate for the detection of small-magnitude and, in most cases, spatially very localized geomagnetic field changes. However, their advantage is a continuity in a long-time period which enables the study of regional tectonomagnetic features and long-term precursory changes. As the first step of a more extensive study aimed at examining the features of observatory data for this purpose, a three-year data set from five European observatories has been analyzed. Some common statistical procedures have been applied along with a simple difference technique and multivariate linear regression to define local geomagnetic field changes. The distribution of M ³ 4.5 earthquakes in Europe, in a corresponding period, was also taken into account. No pronounced field variation, related in time to the M 5.7 Timisoara (Romania) earthquake on July 12, 1991, was found at Grocka observatory at about 80 km from the earthquake epicenter. However, an offset in level of the differences in declination which include Grocka observatory, not seen in the case of differences between other observatories, could be associated with a possible regional effect of the M 4.8 earthquake which occurred in September 1991 at about 70 km SE from Grocka.

Failures of Pipelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 531-556
Author(s):  
A. Hudgins ◽  
C. Roepke ◽  
B. James ◽  
B. Kondori ◽  
B. Whitley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Pipeline Failure ◽  
Pipeline Failures

Abstract This article discusses the failure analysis of several steel transmission pipeline failures, describes the causes and characteristics of specific pipeline failure modes, and introduces pipeline failure prevention and integrity management practices and methodologies. In addition, it covers the use of transmission pipeline in North America, discusses the procedures in pipeline failure analysis investigation, and provides a brief background on the most commonly observed pipeline flaws and degradation mechanisms. A case study related to hydrogen cracking and a hard spot is also presented.

Incomplete Big Data Distributed Clustering

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 1496-1499
Author(s):  
Yong Lin Leng
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Similarity Metrics ◽  
Distributed Clustering ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Affinity Propagation Clustering

Partially missing or blurring attribute values make data become incomplete during collecting data. Generally we use inputation or discarding method to deal with incomplete data before clustering. In this paper we proposed an a new similarity metrics algorithm based on incomplete information system. First algorithm divided the data set into a complete data set and non complete data set, and then the complete data set was clustered using the affinity propagation clustering algorithm, incomplete data according to the design method of the similarity metric is divided into the corresponding cluster. In order to improve the efficiency of the algorithm, designing the distributed clustering algorithm based on cloud computing technology. Experiment demonstrates the proposed algorithm can cluster the incomplete big data directly and improve the accuracy and effectively.

EMPIRICAL FUZZY ESTIMATE OF THE SURVIVAL CURVE

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
KIAN POKORNY ◽  
DILEEP SULE
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fuzzy Membership Functions ◽  
Product Limit Estimator ◽  
Product Limit ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Fuzzy Estimate

In this paper, a computational system is developed that estimates a survival curve and a point estimate when very few data are available and a high proportion of the data are censored. Standard statistical methods require a more complete data set. With any less data expert knowledge or heuristic methods are required. The system uses numerical methods to define fuzzy membership functions about each data point that quantify uncertainty due to censoring. The "fuzzy" data is then used to estimate a survival curve and the mean survival time is calculated from the curve. The new estimator converges to the Product-Limit estimator when a complete data set is available. In addition, this method allows for the incorporation of expert knowledge. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the new method and its improvement over the Product-Limit estimator.

ON THE APPLICATION OF METHODS USED TO CALCULATE THE FRACTAL DIMENSION OF FRACTURE SURFACES

Fractals ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 105-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAYFUN BABADAGLI ◽  
KAYHAN DEVELI
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Data Points ◽  
2D Data ◽  
Fracturing Mechanism

This paper presents an evaluation of the methods applied to calculate the fractal dimension of fracture surfaces. Variogram (applicable to 1D self-affine sets) and power spectral density analyses (applicable to 2D self-affine sets) are selected to calculate the fractal dimension of synthetic 2D data sets generated using fractional Brownian motion (fBm). Then, the calculated values are compared with the actual fractal dimensions assigned in the generation of the synthetic surfaces. The main factor considered is the size of the 2D data set (number of data points). The critical sample size that yields the best agreement between the calculated and actual values is defined for each method. Limitations and the proper use of each method are clarified after an extensive analysis. The two methods are also applied to synthetically and naturally developed fracture surfaces of different types of rocks. The methods yield inconsistent fractal dimensions for natural fracture surfaces and the reasons of this are discussed. The anisotropic feature of fractal dimension that may lead to a correlation of fracturing mechanism and multifractality of the fracture surfaces is also addressed.

Learnings From Data Management and Integration Efforts on the Enbridge Pipeline System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry L. Sommer ◽  
Brad S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Alignment ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
History Of ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Management Effort ◽  
Analysis System

Enbridge Pipelines Inc. operates one of the longest and most complex pipeline systems in the world. A key aspect of the Enbridge Integrity Management Program (IMP) is the trending, analysis, and management of data collected from over 50 years of pipeline operations. This paper/presentation describes Enbridge’s challenges, learnings, processes, and innovations for meeting today’s increased data management/integration demands. While much has been written around the premise of data management/integration, and many software solutions are available in the commercial market, the greatest data management challenge for mature pipeline operators arises from the variability of data (variety of technologies, data capture methods, and data accuracy levels) collected over the operating history of the system. Ability to bring this variable data set together is substantially the most difficult aspect of a coordinated data management effort and is critical to the success of any such project. Failure to do this will result in lack of user confidence and inability to gain “buy-in” to new data management processes. In 2001 Enbridge began a series of initiatives to enhance data management and analysis. Central to this was the commitment to accurate geospatial alignment of integrity data. This paper/presentation describes Enbridge’s experience with development of custom software (Integrated Spatial Analysis System – ISAS) including critical learnings around a.) Data alignment efforts and b.) Significant efforts involved in development of an accurate pipe centreline. The paper/presentation will also describe co-incident data management programs that link to ISAS. This includes enhanced database functionality for excavation data and development of software to enable electronic transfer of data to this database. These tools were built to enable rapid transfer of field data and “real time” tool validation through automated unity plots of tool defect data vs. that measured in the field.

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