Myanmar-China Oil and Gas Pipeline Project

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Yu ◽  
Xuejun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Suspension Bridges ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Project

To meet the increasing energy demand, oil and gas pipelines from Myanmar to China have been planned since 2003. After 10 years’ hard work, Myanmar-China Oil and Gas Pipeline Project had been completed by the end of 2013. The project comprises one gas pipeline and one oil pipeline. The gas pipeline with a diameter of 1016 mm and a total length of 1727 km runs through great mountain areas in the southwest of China. The oil pipeline with a diameter of 813 mm and the first phase length of 606 km is laid parallel to the gas pipeline. The challenges of this project are long distant parallel large pipelines, undulant topography with high different elevation, complicated geological condition, vulnerable ecology, etc. This paper presents some design and construction issues concerned in the project, including the route selection in mountain areas, type of crossings and its design, type of ground movements and its design, special construction methods in these areas, etc. New technologies such as GIS-based route optimization, strain-based design, longspan suspension bridges, tunnels through mountains, multiple pipelines laid in narrow or steep areas and monitoring system for seismic and fault movement had been applied to conquer the challenges.

scholarly journals Economic and Strategic Expectations of Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Nuri Aras ◽  
Elchin Suleymanov ◽  
Fakhri Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Project

The Republic of Azerbaijan is one of the oil and gas rich countries of the former Soviet Union. After the second stage of the Shah Deniz gas field, natural gas extraction and exportation became one of the key elements of Azerbaijan’s oil and gas strategy. Diversification of the oil and gas transportation has a great importance in Azerbaijan’s energy security policy and in this regard, TANAP is an important project after Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline. TANAP is a proposed natural gas pipeline project to transport Azerbaijani natural gas through Turkey to Europe in two directions. The project was firstly announced on 17 November 2011 at the Third Black Sea Energy and Economic Forum in Istanbul. It was launched in 2014 and will be expected to finish in 2018. TANAP will cost seven billion USD and will have the capacity of 23 billion cubic meters by 2023 and 31 billion cubic meters by 2026. This paper analyzes expected strategic and economic outcomes of TANAP.

Applying the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) to Improve Safety Management of Oil and Gas Pipeline Stations in China

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxing Feng ◽  
Xiaoqiang Xiang ◽  
Guangming Jia ◽  
Lianshuang Dai ◽  
Yulei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Oil Pipeline

The oil and gas pipeline companies in China are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges because of China’s increasing demand for oil and gas energy that is attributed to rapid economic and social development. Limitation of land resource and the fast urbanization lead to a determinate result that many pipelines have to go through or be adjacent to highly populated areas such as cities or towns. The increasing Chinese government regulation, and public concerns about industrial safety and environmental protection push the pipeline companies to enhance the safety, health and environmental protection management. In recent years, PetroChina Pipeline Company (PPC) pays a lot of attention and effort to improve employees and public safety around the pipeline facilities. A comprehensive, integrated HSE management system is continuously improved and effectively implemented in PPC. PPC conducts hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control and mitigation, risk monitoring. For the oil and gas stations in highly populated area or with numerous employees, PPC carries out quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to evaluate and manage the population risk. To make the assessment, “Guidelines for quantitative risk assessments” (purple book) published by Committee for the Prevention of Disasters of Netherlands is used along with a software package. The basic principles, process, and methods of QRA technology are introduced in this article. The process is to identify the station hazards, determinate the failure scenarios of the facilities, estimate the possibilities of leakage failures, calculate the consequences of failures and damages to population, demonstrate the individual risk and social risk, and evaluate whether the risk is acceptable. The process may involve the mathematical modeling of fluid and gas spill, dispersion, fire and explosion. One QRA case in an oil pipeline station is described in this article to illustrate the application process and discuss several key issues in the assessment. Using QRA technique, about 20 stations have been evaluated in PPC. On the basis of the results, managers have taken prevention and mitigation plans to control the risk. QRAs in the pipeline station can provide a quantitative basis and valuable reference for the company’s decision-making and land use planning. Also, QRA can play a role to make a better relationship between the pipeline companies and the local regulator and public. Finally, this article delivers limitations of QRA in Chinese pipeline stations and discusses issues of the solutions.

THE SURAT AND BOWEN BASINS

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Small Fields ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Gas Fields

Exploration for petroleum in Queensland began in the Bowen and overlying Surat Basins in 1908. During the next 50 years a few small fields were found. The discovery of oil at Moonie in 1961 and a number of gas fields on the Roma Shelf during the 1960s triggered extensive seismic and drilling programs. This resulted in additional discoveries and the construction of an oil pipeline to Brisbane in 1964 and a gas pipeline in 1969. To date more than 680 exploration and 350 appraisal wells have been drilled. Approximately 16 × 109 m3 of gas and 5 × 106 ML of oil have been discovered. There is potential for an additional 16 × 109 m3 of gas and 2 × 106 ML of oil reserves to be found in the basins. There is a much greater risk in finding the oil reserves than the gas reserves. The oil and gas reserves occur within Permian, Triassic and Jurassic sandstone reservoirs.

Criterions and measures of route selection of shallowly embedded long-distance oil and gas pipeline in mountain areas

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Wang Chenghua ◽  
Ma Qingwen ◽  
Kong Jiming ◽  
Chen Zefu ◽  
Li Xiuzhen
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Geopolitical dimensions to build the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and the Nabucco gas pipeline to Western Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aziz Abdel-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Exports

Baku-Tbilisi Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline carries oil from the Azeri-Chirag-Deepwater Gunashli (ACG) field and condensate from Shah Deniz across Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. It links Sangachal terminal on the shores of the Caspian Sea to Ceyhan marine terminal on the Turkish Mediterranean coast. In addition, crude oil from Turkmenistan continues to be transported via the pipeline. Starting in October 2013, we have also resumed transportation of some volumes of Tengiz crude oil from Kazakhstan through the BTC pipeline. The pipeline that became operational in June 2006 was built by the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline company (BTC Co) operated by BP. The pipeline buried along its entire length is 1768km in total length: 443km in Azerbaijan, 249km in Georgia, and 1,076km in Turkey The Azerbaijan and Georgia sections of the pipeline are operated by BP on behalf of its shareholders in BTC Co. while the Turkish section is operated by BOTAS International Limited (BIL). The diameter of the pipeline is 42 inches throughout most of Azerbaijan and Turkey. In Georgia the pipeline diameter is 46 inches. The pipeline diameter reduces to 34-inches for the last downhill section to the Ceyhan Marine Terminal in Turkey. Throughput capacity-one million barrels per day from March 2006 to March 2009. Since March 2009 it has been expanded to 1.2 million barrels per day by using drag reducing agents (DRAs). The hypothesis of our research stems from the following questions Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and Nabucco gas pipeline "to Western Europe: Is it a re-engineering of drawing lines of power in the Caucasus or is it a step that could contribute to obstructing energy corridors between East and West? The Caucasus Energy Department begins in the oil-and-gas-rich countries of the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. Azerbaijan, located to the west of the Caspian basin, is the source of any power lines emanating from the basin. In the north, Russia wants to be the only buyer from these sources, so that it can capture sales to Western markets. However, Azerbaijan has, to date, worked with the West and Turkey to build pipelines instead of working with Russia. "Turkey, which lies to the west, is shutting down the energy department as the last stop for pipelines. On the other hand, energy experts believe that the improvement of TurkishArmenian relations should not be at the expense of the East-West energy corridor, in other words, cooperation with regard to pipelines extending from Azerbaijan to Turkey. This corridor is a critical strategic tool for Washington to reduce the Western dependence on oil and gas from the Middle East. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline amounted to 14.9 million tons in the first half of this year, up 2.8 percent from the same period in 2015, according to a report by Reuters. Oil exports through the pipeline, which passes through Georgia and Turkey, rose 1.5 percent in 2015 to 28.84 million tonnes. Azerbaijan exports oil through the pipeline from the oil fields of Shiraj and Jonsheli, operated by British company BP. Crude is also exported through Russia through the Baku-Novorossiysk pipeline, through the Georgian territory by rail and through the Baku-Supsa pipeline. Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are also exporting oil via the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline. These rates are expected to rise during 2016/2017.

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