Above Ground Petroleum Product Storage Tank Fires: A Numerical Analysis of Thermal Radiation for Developing Fire Prevention Strategy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxing Feng ◽  
Chaopeng Wu ◽  
Shuxin Li ◽  
Xiaodong Long ◽  
Jingjun Xi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Petroleum Product ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Radiation Distribution ◽  
Product Storage

Above ground petroleum product storage tanks are tanks or other containers that are above ground, partially buried, bunkered, or in a subterranean vault. These are built to store petroleum product for pipeline system, oilfield and refinery. Tank fires are one of the most terrible accidents in oil pipeline transportation stations. Tank fires pose a significant hazard to people, buildings, process piping, the environment and other facilities as a result of thermal radiation exposure. It is necessary and meaningful to study the distribution of the thermal radiation of a tank fire for emergency response, prevention and reducing loss. To analyze potential tank fire incidents at a pipeline station, a three-dimensional station model was built using a computational fluid dynamics (Abbreviated as CFD, is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows) software package to evaluate the thermal radiation distribution under different conditions. Numerical simulations were carried out for a total of six simulation scenarios to analyze 3 types of potential fires for 2 different liquid products (gasoline and diesel). The three kinds of fires that were modeled included: 1) disk pool fire on top of the tank; 2) ring pool fire on the top of a tank; and 3) pool fire in a dike. The simulation evaluates the effect of the thermal radiation on facilities and people. The simulation results show that the water cooling system is effective at decreasing the magnitude of thermal radiation exposure and as a result is effective at protecting nearby tanks and facilities. Without water protection, the disk fire or ring fire can destroy or damage nearby structures significantly. The results of the simulation also show that the dike pool fire can have a catastrophic consequence to nearby facilities. Further the analysis showed that environmental wind does not change the thermal radiation distribution significantly. The results of the simulation point out countermeasure activities to enhance fire prevention at oil pipeline transportation stations in a scientific way.

Deduction and Analysis of Driving Exergy Loss in Oil Pipeline System

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Lin Cheng ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xuxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Analytic Formula ◽  
Exergy Loss ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Operation Parameters

Pipeline transportation is a substance conveying process that makes crude oil flowing from first station to ultimate station and at the same time takes a certain amount of driving energy for cost. Based on related theories of engineering fluid mechanics, mathematics analytic formula of driving exergy in oil pipeline transportation is deduced by micro-element analysis. We can get the conclusion that driving exergy loss has a positive correlation with diameter and throughput, and also a contrary trend with insulation thickness and outbound temperature by analyzing the influence on driving exergy loss from operation parameters in pipeline process,. This research can provide theoretical guidance for energy consumption classification, and further more, the technical support for energy consumption in pipeline system.

scholarly journals Análisis de la capacidad de transporte de un poliducto. Caso de estudio

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Héctor Sánchez García
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Mechanical Integrity ◽  
System Reconfiguration ◽  
Study Case ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops a methodology to determine the feasibility of reconfiguring an oil pipeline system. The feasibility of reconfiguration is based on principles of hydraulic and mechanical integrity safety codes including ASME B31.4-2006 "Pipeline transportation systems for liquid hydrocarbons and other liquids" and ASME B31G-1991 "Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded pipelines ". In order to illustrate this methodology a hypothetical study case was selected in order to simulate, evaluate and analyze the viability of a proposed system reconfiguration. Based on this analysis the vulnerable sections along the pipeline are identified, showing some of the most common measures of mitigation and the impact of their implementation in the study case.

Additional methods to improve the energy efficiency of oil pipeline transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-565
Author(s):  
Marat R. Lukmanov ◽  
◽  
Sergey L. Semin ◽  
Pavel V. Fedorov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
Preparatory Work

The challenges of increasing the energy efficiency of the economy as a whole and of certain production sectors in particular are a priority both in our country and abroad. As part of the energy policy of the Russian Federation to reduce the specific energy intensity of enterprises in the oil transportation system, Transneft PJSC developed and implements the energy saving and energy efficiency improvement Program. The application of energy-saving technologies allowed the company to significantly reduce operating costs and emissions of harmful substances. At the same time, further reduction of energy costs is complicated for objective reasons. The objective of this article is to present additional methods to improve the energy efficiency of oil transportation by the example of the organizational structure of Transneft. Possibilities to reduce energy costs in the organization of the operating services, planning and execution of work to eliminate defects and preparatory work for the scheduled shutdown of the pipeline, the use of pumping equipment, including pumps with variable speed drive, the use of various pipelines layouts, changing the volume of oil entering the pipeline system and increase its viscosity.

Modified equations for hydraulic calculation of thermally insulated oil pipelines for the case of a power-law fluid

2021 ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Марат Замирович Ямилев ◽  
Азат Маратович Масагутов ◽  
Александр Константинович Николаев ◽  
Владимир Викторович Пшенин ◽  
Наталья Алексеевна Зарипова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Power Law Fluid ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipelines

Теплогидравлический расчет неизотермических трубопроводов является наиболее важным гидравлическим расчетом в рамках решения задач обеспечения надежности и безопасности работы нефтепроводной системы. Для практических расчетов применяются формулы Дарси - Вейсбаха и Лейбензона. При этом в ряде случаев (короткие теплоизолированные участки, поверхностный обогрев нефтепроводов) можно использовать упрощенный подход к расчету, пренебрегая изменением температуры или учитывая температурные поправки. В настоящее время формулы для аналитического расчета движения высоковязких нефтей в форме уравнения Лейбензона получены только для ньютоновской и вязкопластичной жидкостей. Для степенной жидкости соответствующие зависимости отсутствуют, расчет ведется с использованием формулы Дарси - Вейсбаха. Целью настоящей статьи является представление формулы Дарси - Вейсбаха для изотермических течений степенной жидкости в форме уравнения Лейбензона. Данное представление позволит упростить процедуру проведения аналитических выкладок. В результате получены модифицированные уравнения Лейбензона для определения потери напора на участке нефтепровода в диапазоне индекса течения от 0,5 до 1,25. В указанном диапазоне относительное отклонение от результатов расчетов с использованием классических формул Метцнера - Рида и Ирвина не превышает 2 %. The thermal-hydraulic calculation of non-isothermal pipelines is the most important hydraulic calculation in the framework of solving the problems of ensuring the reliability and safety of the oil pipeline system. For practical calculations, the Darcy - Weisbach and Leibenson formulas are used. Moreover, in a number of cases (short heat-insulated sections, surface heating of oil pipelines), a simplified approach to the calculation can be used, neglecting temperature changes or taking into account temperature corrections. At present, formulas for the analytical calculation of the motion of high-viscosity oils in the form of the Leibenson equation have been obtained only for Newtonian and viscoplastic fluids. For a power-law fluid, there are no corresponding dependences; the calculation is carried out using the Darcy - Weisbach formula. The purpose of this article is to present the Darcy - Weisbach formula for isothermal flows of a power-law fluid in the Leibenzon form, which will simplify the procedure for performing analytical calculations. The modified Leibenzon equations are obtained to determine the head loss in the oil pipeline section in the range of the flow index from 0.5 to 1.25. In the specified range, the relative deviation from the results of calculations using the classical Metzner - Reed and Irwin formulas does not exceed 2 %.

MPC Under IEC-61499 Using Low-Cost Devices for Oil Pipeline System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Garcia ◽  
Esteban X. Castellanos ◽  
Jorge Buele ◽  
John Espinoza ◽  
David Lanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Iec 61499

TransAlaska Pipeline System Linewide Slackline Investigations for Potential Pipe Vibrations

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Tonkins ◽  
U. J. Baskurt ◽  
James D. Hart
Keyword(s):  
North Slope ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Vibration Problems ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
Testing And Evaluation

During the summer of 1996, the TransAlaska Pipeline System (TAPS) experienced pipe vibrations near Thompson Pass, which is located 25 miles north of the Valdez Marine Terminal (VMT). The VMT is the southern terminus of the 48-inch oil pipeline transporting Alaska North Slope Crude for further shipment to market via marine tankers. The pipeline is designed to operate in a slackline mode as it flows over the 2,810 ft. elevation of Thompson Pass. As a result of the slackline experience gained at Thompson Pass, Alyeska evaluated other areas along TAPS where continuous slackline operation either existed in the past or could exist in the future with declining pipeline throughputs. A study determined that other locations along the pipeline could operate in a continuous slackline mode and should be investigated for potential slackline operating problems. This paper describes the slackline testing and evaluation and methods developed by Alyeska to control problems caused by slackline operation. General evaluations and observations of the slackline dynamics phenomena that can cause pipe vibrations along with guidelines and recommendations for the control or elimination of slackline vibration problems are presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document