Cathodic Disbondment Testing Comparison of Carbon Fiber, Fiberglass, and Hybrid Composite Repair Systems for Pipelines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Green ◽  
Larry Deaton ◽  
Christopher J. Lazzara
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Preventative Measure ◽  
Composite Repair ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Repair Systems ◽  
Cathodic Protection System ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
The Impact

Composite repair systems are being successfully and heavily utilized for the repair of a wide variety of pipeline systems operating at high internal pressures worldwide. Many of these pipelines employ cathodic protection systems as a preventative measure of insuring that the pipeline does not corrode. Even with advanced cathodic protection systems, there are still times that a pipeline may become damaged or corroded and composite repair systems are a popular choice. In order to qualify a composite repair system for use on a cathodically protected pipeline, the repair system must undergo specific testing to insure that there will be no issues of disbondment of the composite due to the cathodic protection system. This paper discusses the testing of composite repair systems with varying fiber types, resins, and installation methods. Results have been gathered for several repair system options and indicate that there is variance in the results depending on the above mentioned variables. The results of each of these systems and the impact of the fibers utilized will be discussed and conclusions made as to the effect of cathodic protection on each.

Design of Pipeline Composite Repairs: From Lab Scale Tests to FEA and Full Scale Testing

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remy Her ◽  
Jacques Renard ◽  
Vincent Gaffard ◽  
Yves Favry ◽  
Paul Wiet
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Composite Repair ◽  
Repair Systems ◽  
Composite Properties

Composite repair systems are used for many years to restore locally the pipe strength where it has been affected by damage such as wall thickness reduction due to corrosion, dent, lamination or cracks. Composite repair systems are commonly qualified, designed and installed according to ASME PCC2 code or ISO 24817 standard requirements. In both of these codes, the Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) of the damaged section must be determined to design the composite repair. To do so, codes such as ASME B31G for example for corrosion, are used. The composite repair systems is designed to “bridge the gap” between the MAWP of the damaged pipe and the original design pressure. The main weakness of available approaches is their applicability to combined loading conditions and various types of defects. The objective of this work is to set-up a “universal” methodology to design the composite repair by finite element calculations with directly taking into consideration the loading conditions and the influence of the defect on pipe strength (whatever its geometry and type). First a program of mechanical tests is defined to allow determining all the composite properties necessary to run the finite elements calculations. It consists in compression and tensile tests in various directions to account for the composite anisotropy and of Arcan tests to determine steel to composite interface behaviors in tension and shear. In parallel, a full scale burst test is performed on a repaired pipe section where a local wall thinning is previously machined. For this test, the composite repair was designed according to ISO 24817. Then, a finite element model integrating damaged pipe and composite repair system is built. It allowed simulating the test, comparing the results with experiments and validating damage models implemented to capture the various possible types of failures. In addition, sensitivity analysis considering composite properties variations evidenced by experiments are run. The composite behavior considered in this study is not time dependent. No degradation of the composite material strength due to ageing is taking into account. The roadmap for the next steps of this work is to clearly identify the ageing mechanisms, to perform tests in relevant conditions and to introduce ageing effects in the design process (and in particular in the composite constitutive laws).

Operation and maintenance of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection systems on concrete civil structures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Brink Jansson ◽  
Ruth Sørensen ◽  
Kirsten Riis
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Cathodic Protection System

Cathodic protection is a very well-known method of preventing or stopping reinforcement corrosion and thereby extending the service life of reinforced concrete civil structures. However, a number of factors, which among others are design, materials and components, installation methods, quality of workmanship, and operation and maintenance of the cathodic protection system, have influence on the functionality and effectivity of the cathodic protection system. The optimum design that fulfils the Client''s requirements to cost, traffic disruption, service life, etc. shall be determined in accordance with the structure layout and the ability of the Client''s organisation to conduct operation and maintenance. It is critical to ensure that all components are installed properly to achieve the expected service life of the system. Regular and correct operation and maintenance is also crucial to ensure the functionality and effectivity system.

Advanced Techniques for Establishing Long-Term Performance of Composite Repair Systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alexander
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Composite Repair ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Repair Systems ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Composite Repairs

Although composite materials are used to repair and reinforce a variety of anomalies in high pressure transmission gas and liquid pipelines, there continues to be widespread debate regarding what constitutes a long-term composite repair. The United States regulations require that composite repairs must be able to permanently restore the serviceability of the repaired pipeline, while in contrast the Canadian regulations take a more prescriptive approach by integrating the ASME PCC-2 and ISO 24817 composite repair standards along with a requirement for establishing a 50-year design life. In this paper the author provides a framework for what should be considered in qualifying a composite repair system for long-term performance by focusing on the critical technical aspects associated with a sound composite repair. The presentation includes a discussion on establishing an appropriate composite design stress using the existing standards, using full-scale testing to ensure that stresses in the repair do not exceed the designated composite design stresses, and guidance for operators in how to properly integrate their pipeline operating conditions to establish a design life. By implementing the recommendations presented in this paper, operators will be equipped with a resource for objectively evaluating the composite repair systems used to repair their pipeline systems.

Efficiency Assessment of the Composite Materials Repair Systems Intended for Corrosion Damaged Pipelines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Dumitrescu ◽  
Alin Diniţă
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Finite Elements ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Plastic Region ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Composite Repair ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Repair Systems

Abstract This paper presents the results of the research work carried out by the authors in order to evaluate the efficiency of the composite material wraps/sleeves (made of a polymeric matrix and reinforcing fabric) used to repair steel pipelines carrying hydrocarbons upon which local metal loss defects (generated by corrosion and/or erosion processes) have been detected. The pipeline repair technologies consisting of the application of composite material wraps are perceived as being advantageous alternative solutions for substituting the conventional technologies, which require welding operations to be performed in the pipe areas with defects. The efficiency of the composite repair systems has been investigated by assessing the reinforcement effects (the restoration level of the damaged pipe mechanical strength) generated by the applied composite wraps as a function of their geometry and mechanical properties. To that purpose, numerical models based on finite elements have been developed and certified by comparing them with the results of several experimental programs previously performed by the authors. Finite elements simulations have also been conducted in the plastic region, taking into account material non-linearity. The calculation methods proposed in literature (among which a method previously developed by the authors) to define the composite wrap dimensions (thickness and length) for a given pipe have also been investigated and compared to our numerical results in order to select the most adequate solution for the design of the composite repair system. The optimal values for the mechanical properties of the composite material used by the repair system have also been defined.

Development and Evaluation of a Steel-Composite Hybrid Composite Repair System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alexander ◽  
Carl Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Glass Composite ◽  
Composite Repair ◽  
Cyclic Pressure ◽  
Steel Composite ◽  
Repair Systems

Composite materials are widely recognized as a resource for repairing damaged pipelines. The fibers in conventional composite repair systems typically incorporate E-glass and carbon materials. To provide greater levels of reinforcement a system was developed that incorporates steel half shells and an E-glass composite repair system. In comparison with other competing composite technologies, the hybrid system has a significant capacity to reduce strain in corroded pipeline to a level that has not been seen previously. Specifically, the hybrid system was used to reinforce a pipe sample having 75% corrosion subjected to cyclic pressure at 36% SMYS. This sample cycled 767,816 times before a leak failure developed. Furthermore, recent testing has demonstrated that the hybrid system actually places the pipeline in compression during installation. This paper will provide results on a series of specifically-designed tests to evaluate the performance of the hybrid system and the implications in relation to the service of actual pipelines.

Solving Design Problems for Cathodic Protection of Glass-Lined Domestic Water Heaters

CORROSION ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
H. C. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Cathodic Protection System

Abstract Factors important in designing” a cathodic protection system for glass lined domestic hot water heaters are considered. Method by which bare areas of single coated glass lined tanks can be calculated is explained, and comparisons are made between calculated values and those obtained by tests on tanks under protection. Instruments for making these tests and techniques are illustrated and described. Design data relevant to required current densities are considered with respect to platinum clad tantalum and platinum plated titanium anodes. Regulations of Underwriters’ Laboratories concerning accumulated gas from cathodic protection systems are weighed against test results and the volume of gas actually produced is measured and analyzed. Design criteria and details for rectified current used in systems applied to electrically heated tanks are given. Details of a thermoelectric generator for use with gas fired tanks are given. This generator produces sufficient current to protect a well-lined tank in the highest resistivity water likely to be encountered. 5.2.3

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DOMESTIC REGULATORY FRAMEWORK GOVERNING CATHODIC PROTECTION OF HEATING NETWORKS AGAINST EXTERNAL CORROSION IN THE GROUND

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
V. G. Kiselev ◽  
E. N. Ruzich
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Electrochemical Protection ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Design For All ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
Cathodic Protection System ◽  
Heating Networks

Abstract: Paper provides comparative analysis of basic regulations governing design of systems of cathodic protection of underground metal structures against corrosion based on both Russian and international materials. The following basic parameters for evaluation of cathodic protection system performance are accepted: "need for applying cathodic protection systems", "values characterizing security of underground metal structures against corrosion in the presence of electrochemical protection", "density of protective current" and "magnitude of protective current". Carried out analysis identified the need to improve Russian system of cathodic protection systems design for all listed characteristics and above all in the direction of reducing the quantities of protective current and its density.

The Evaluation of Cathodic Protection System Design by Using Boundary Element Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ridha ◽  
M. Safuadi ◽  
Syifaul Huzni ◽  
Israr Israr ◽  
Ahmad Kamal Ariffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element Method ◽  
Boundary Element ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Sacrificial Anode ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Cathodic Protection System ◽  
Element Method

Cathodic protection system is one of corrosion protection systems that well acknowledged protecting infrastructure such as pipeline and storage tank. Early damage of the infrastructure can be caused by improper design of the protection system. Currently, many cathodic protection systems are designed only based on the previous experiences. It is urgently needed the tool that can be used to simulate the effectiveness of any design of cathodic protection system before the system is applied to any structure. In this study, the three-dimensional boundary element method was developed to simulate the effectiveness of sacrificial anode cathodic protection system. The potential in the domain was modeled using Laplace equation. The equation was solved by applying boundary element method, hence the potential and current density on the metal surface and at any location in the domain can be obtained. The boundary conditions on the protected structures and sacrificial anode were represented by their polarization curves. A cathodic protection system for liquid storage tank and submersible pump were evaluated in this study. The effect of placement of sacrificial anode were examined to optimize the protection system. The result shows that the proposed method can be used as a tool to simulate the effectiveness of the sacrificial anode cathodic protection system.

Development of Industry Standards for Composite Repair Systems

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alexander ◽  
Franz Worth
Keyword(s):  
Repair System ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Composite Repair ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Reinforced Steel ◽  
Repair Systems

A significant amount of work has transpired over the past several years in generating consensus-based standards that include ASME PCC-2 and ISO 24817 for developing composite repair systems. The intent in developing these standards has been to provide industry with guidelines for designing composite repair systems to ensure that damaged pipelines and piping systems are safely and properly reinforced. With the numerous composite repair systems currently available to pipeline operators, the importance of evaluating the capabilities of each system cannot be overstated. The fundamental design variables available to manufacturers are stiffness, strength, and thickness of the composite. A properly-designed repair system ensures that strains in the reinforced steel and reinforcing composite material do not reach unacceptable levels. This paper provides a basic overview of the design philosophy embedded into the current design codes, as well as presenting results associated with several specific studies that were conducted to evaluate composite repair performance.

Evaluation of Designs of Shipboard Cathodic Protection Systems Using Boundary Element Modelling Technique

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Modelling Technique ◽  
Hull Form ◽  
Corrosion Failure ◽  
Element Modelling ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Uniform Current ◽  
Impressed Current ◽  
Cathodic Protection System

Boundary element modelling technique was used to evaluate the performance of the underwater hull impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system of a steel-hulled vessel, as part of an investigation of the corrosion failure of the steel hull near the ICCP anodes. The same technique was also used to evaluate the designs of an alternate sacrificial anode cathodic protection system. The modelling results indicated that the existing ICCP system was capable of providing adequate cathodic protection to the underwater hull and appendages if the current demand is less than 2.4 A. Small anode size was found to have a profound effect on the potentials immediately adjacent to the anode, stressing the need for an effective, intact anode shield. Application of paint coating on the bronze propellers could substantially reduce the current demand from the anodes, resulting in less negative potentials adjacent to the anodes. The modelling results also showed that the anode design adopted from a vessel of similar size (<5% difference in all dimensions), which consists of 8 hull mounted aluminum anodes and 4 rudder zinc anodes, would provide adequate cathodic protection for the underwater hull structures of the existing vessel for more than 3 years. The performance of a modified anode placement was also studied in comparison with that of the original anode placement. The results indicated that the anodes in the modified anode placement would not only contribute more uniform current than the anodes in the original anode placement, but also result in the potential profiles that have less variations along the hull form. This modified anode placement would potentially result in a longer service life of the anodes.

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