Reliability Scorecards for Operating Pipelines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Jones ◽  
André-Michel Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Reliability Growth ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Organizational Focus ◽  
Reliability Performance ◽  
Growth Indicator

Scorecards are generally used to track operational performance in various fields of work and direct the management team toward correcting the observed deviations. Generally, a Scorecard is made up of specific metrics which have been carefully identified against defined operating objectives. In this paper, the Scorecard examined uses a reliability growth indicator in combination with other traditional factors to measure speed of progress to a target level. As a leading liquid pipeline operator, Enbridge Pipelines Inc. (hereafter “Enbridge”) holds established and comprehensive management systems governing all aspects of its operations. In essence the Reliability Scorecard adds enhanced capabilities to the existing systems. In September 2010, using current throughput performance and failure historical data, the Reliability Team in Enbridge developed a quarterly Reliability Scorecard for its pipeline network. Metrics for each pipeline consisted of utilization, adherence to shipping schedules and a unique reliability growth indicator of the overall line as well as the top ten failure modes. This enabled not only the tracking of performance levels but also the direction and speed of improvement or decline in those metrics. The analysis was conducted using the Crow-AMSAA Analytical Process. Using the throughput impact (e.g. barrels not shipped), level of reliability performance and magnitude of reliability improvement for each failure mode on all pipelines, it became easy to select targets for improvement. Unacceptable deviations were those having more than a 10% share of throughput volume impact per failure mode combined with a Crow AMSAA growth factor (Beta) of 1.2 or greater. The advent of this Reliability Scorecard has improved the organizational focus on areas with greatest impact on pipeline performance and revenue generation. Having a solid indication of the issues affecting each pipeline system, the Reliability Team was able to target its efforts accordingly. For example, for a specific high impact failure mode, a formal Root Cause Analysis would be conducted to identify the causes and implement a corrective action plan. Additionally, systematic lack of improvement for one failure mode over multiple quarters would be shared with relevant teams as awareness of specific threats to performance in their area. In essence, if well-defined and accepted, an effective Scorecard can be a powerful driver for improvement in an organization. It can assist in channeling the efforts of individuals, departments or the overall organization in addressing real threats to performance specific fields. Management can also use this tool to justify where appropriate resources need to be allocated. Finally, as demonstrated in this case, in addition to traditional operational targets, an improvement or regression factor can also be used to measure the progress or decline of specific scorecard metrics.

Case Study and Fault Modeling for Wrong Redundancy Evaluation on DRAM Devices

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Versen ◽  
Dorina Diaconescu ◽  
Jerome Touzel
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fault Modeling ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Failure Mode Analysis

Abstract The characterization of failure modes of DRAM is often straight forward if array related hard failures with specific addresses for localization are concerned. The paper presents a case study of a bitline oriented failure mode connected to a redundancy evaluation in the DRAM periphery. The failure mode analysis and fault modeling focus both on the root-cause and on the test aspects of the problem.

Risk Evaluation Approach in Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of Automotive Headlamp Assembly

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Shukriah Abdullah ◽  
Aziz Abdul Faieza
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Process Failure

Headlamp assembly entailed a complex assembly process and error in assembled can result in technical problem and higher reject rate at the end of the assembly process. A study has been conducted, in one of the automotive headlamp assembly in Malaysia, where there are numerous defect detected during the assembly process, such as metal spacing missing, wrong model housing, wrong sticker affix, wrong orientation with a total of 80% defects detected. Currently the headlamps are assembled with no dimensional control, results in high physical nonconformity product. The main objective of this project is to identify potential failure in headlamp assembly process. The approach used was risk assessment tool which is Process Failure Mode and Effect. This work also developed the corrective action plan for accurate ranking of Failure Modes by Risk Priority Number-based method and implement it to the process assembly. The result showed that there was increased of 5% in preventive action and 4% increment of the detection action

scholarly journals Failure modes analysis of electrofluidic display under thermal ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 181121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoqin Dong ◽  
Biao Tang ◽  
Jan Groenewold ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Rui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Ageing Time ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Reliability Performance

Dielectric failure as well as optical switching failure in electrofluidic display (EFD) are still a bottleneck for sufficient device lifetime. In this study, a dielectric redundancy-designed multilayer insulator of ParyleneC/AF1600X was applied in an EFD device. The reliability performance was systematically studied by tracking the applied voltage-dependent leakage current and capacitance changes (I–V and C–V curves) with thermal ageing time. The multilayer insulator shows a more stable performance in leakage current compared to a single-layer insulator. The failure modes during operation underlying the single-layer and the multilayer dielectric appear to be different as exemplified by microscopic images. The single-layer AFX shows significant detachment. In addition, by quantitatively analysing the C–V curves with ageing time, we find that for the single AFX device, the dominant failure mode is ‘no-opening’ of the pixels. For the multilayer device, the dominant failure mode is ‘no-closing’ of the pixels. This study provides tools for distinguishing the basic failure modes of an EFD device and demonstrates a quantitative method for evaluating the reliability performance of the device under thermal ageing.

Contextual Failure Analysis Improves Reliability While Pushing the Envelope of Extended Reach Wells in a Giant Brown Field, UAE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cantarelli ◽  
Khoa Le Pham Dang ◽  
Hernan Melgares Escalera
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The current combination of increasingly complex wellbores and tightening budgets forces operators to do more with less and find new ways to expand the drilling envelop. Often this pushes the parameters to the limit in order to achieve faster penetration rates. Operating at the limit or beyond impacts equipment reliability and project cost. A thorough failure analysis of the root cause(s) of every incident can help identify and address areas that need improvement. Identifying a cause fosters improvement while it simultaneously pushes the boundaries so the profitability of mature assets can be maximized. Typical failure analysis attempts to determine the cause of a failure and establish corrective actions to prevent reoccurrence. In a large extended reach drilling project targeting a mature field, the approach to a single failure was expanded and projected in a proactive manner to anticipate the impact of current failure modes in future more challenging scenarios. This innovative method combines the classic failure analysis approach with a comparative approach designed to identify and classify each factor that contributed to the failure. This information is then compiled into a dynamic predictive risk matrix to improve the planning. This method, thanks to the contextualization of individual failures and the multi-facet comparative analysis, revealed a pattern between reliability trends and environmental challenges. The pattern was correlated with the increased drilling difficulty over the lifetime of the project, and suggested that the long-established practices had to be revised to overcome the new scenario. The analysis contributed to the delineation of a strong action plan that immediately revealed a consistent service quality improvement quarter on quarter and nearly a 50% decrease in failure rate. The enhanced reliability had a direct impact on the performance that registered a significant reduction of the drilling time, thus lowering the overall well construction cost. In today's economics where cost reduction, resource optimization and sustainability are at the top of the operator's priority list, failure analysis has become paramount to ensure continuous improvement. Effective analytic methods to identify and eliminate showstoppers are needed to minimize unplanned events and deliver within budget. By digging deep into the root cause of incidents, this new approach to failure analysis enabled an enhanced, broader and more effective quality improvement plan that tackled service quality from multiple angles. From refining bottomhole assembly (BHA) design and risk matrix to drafting field guidelines and roadmaps, this approach also provided extra guidance and risk awareness for future well planning improvement. This particularly applies to mature fields where wellbore complexity increases at the same time budgets decrease and it's necessary to improve operational excellence to assure profitability.

Failure Modes and Root-Cause Analyses of Advanced Drill-Collar Connections

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael H. Du ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Fei Song ◽  
Haoming Li ◽  
David L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Fatigue Strength Improvement ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Fatigue Failures ◽  
Strength Improvement ◽  
Drill Collar

Summary Advanced drill-collar connections have been developed with 10 times extended fatigue life compared with the corresponding replaced connections. More than 4,000 advanced connections have been run in North America. Although these connections have demonstrated substantial fatigue-strength improvement in operation, some failures have occurred. Multiple failed connection samples have been retrieved and analyzed for their failure modes and the root causes. In the failure analyses, manufacturing data were reviewed to identify any possible discrepancies between design specifications and manufactured components. The field run data were analyzed for the loading histories of the connections. The downhole fluid properties were also reviewed to identify their possible effects on the connection performances. The bottomhole assemblies (BHAs) were numerically analyzed to determine the loading distributions. The failed connection samples were physically processed and inspected in a metallurgical laboratory. Based on the combined numerical and testing analyses, the conclusions on the failure modes and the root causes were drawn. It was found that the primary failure mode for these connections was fatigue. The root causes for the fatigue failures can be divided into two categories: manufacturing causes and operational causes. Among the manufacturing failure causes, incorrect cold rolling is the primary one. The operation-related failures were mainly caused by overloading. Through failure mode and root-cause analyses, the manufacturing and operational related risks for the advanced drill-collar connections were mitigated accordingly. It therefore greatly improved the quality assurance of the advanced connections.

Failure Modes and Root Cause Analyses of Advanced Drill Collar Connections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hui Du ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Fei Song ◽  
Haoming Li ◽  
David L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Fatigue Strength Improvement ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Fatigue Failures ◽  
Strength Improvement ◽  
Drill Collar

Abstract Advanced drill collar connections have been developed with 10 times extended fatigue life compared with the corresponding replaced connections. More than 4,000 advanced connections have been run in North America. Although these connections have demonstrated substantial fatigue strength improvement in operation, some failures have occurred. Multiple failed connection samples have been retrieved and analyzed for their failure modes and the root causes. In the failure analyses, manufacturing data were reviewed to identify any possible discrepancies between design specifications and manufactured components. The field run data were analyzed for the loading histories of the connections. The downhole fluid properties were also reviewed to identify their possible effects on the connection performances. The bottom hole assemblies were numerically analyzed to determine the loading distributions. The failed connection samples were physically processed and inspected in the metallurgical laboratory. Based on the combined numerical and testing analyses, the conclusions on the failure modes and the root causes were drawn. It was found that the primary failure mode for these connections was fatigue. The root causes for the fatigue failures can be divided into two categories: manufacturing causes and operational causes. Among the manufacturing failure causes, incorrect cold rolling is the primary one. The operation related failures were mainly caused by overloading. Through failure mode and root cause analyses, the manufacturing and operational related risks for the advanced drill collar connections were mitigated accordingly. It therefore greatly improved the quality assurance of the advanced connections.

Healthcare failure mode and effect analysis in the chemotherapy preparation process

2020 ◽  
pp. 107815522096218
Author(s):  
Cristina Pueyo-López ◽  
Marina Sánchez-Cuervo ◽  
Manuel Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés ◽  
Teresa Ortega-Hernández-Agero ◽  
Esther Gómez de Salazar-López de Silanes
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Bar Code ◽  
Potential Failure

Purpose To conduct a Health Care Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (HFMEA) of the chemotherapy preparation process to identify the steps with the potential to cause errors, and to develop further strategies to improve the process and thus minimize the risk of errors. Methods An HFMEA was conducted to identify and reduce preparation errors during the chemotherapy preparation process. A multidisciplinary team mapped the preparation process, formally identified all the steps, and then conducted a brainstorming session to determine potential failure modes and their potential effects. A severity and probability score for each failure mode, a hazard score (HS) and a total HS were calculated. A hazard analysis was conducted for each HS equal to or more than 8. Finally, an action plan was identified for each failure mode. After the action plan was implemented, failure modes were revaluated and a new HS score was calculated as well as the percentage decrease in risk. Results The team identified five main steps in the chemotherapy preparation process and nine potential failure modes. After implementing the control measures, all the HSs decreased. The total HS associated with the chemotherapy preparation process decreased from 54 to 26 (-52%). This reduction in the total HS was mainly achieved by updating the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and implementing bar code and gravimetric control system. Conclusion The application of HFMEA to the chemotherapy preparation process in centralized chemotherapy units can be very useful in identifying actions aimed at reducing errors in the healthcare setting.

scholarly journals Failure Mode and Effect Analysis in Automotive Industry: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
L. Petrescu ◽  
E. Cazacu ◽  
Maria-Cătălina Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Risk Priority Number ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Iso 26262

AbstractNowadays, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is more present in any standard evaluation of a product or process. In automotive industry, the IEC 61508 Standard adapted the ISO 26262 restrictions for Electrical and Electronic Devices. Conducting an FMEA reduces the costs by focusing on preventing failures, improving safety and increasing customer satisfaction. This paper presents a case study of a FMEA on a CAN (Controller Area Network) Bus Harness considering the entire process from defining the scope and building the team, to the action plan that will reduce the Risk Priority Number below the acceptable risk value. Also, the brainstorming that identifies the possible failure modes is presented.

Combine Nanoprobing Technique with Difference Analysis to Identify Nonvisual Failures

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cha-Ming Shen ◽  
Tsan-Cheng Chuang ◽  
Jie-Fei Chang ◽  
Jin-Hong Chou
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Electrical Characteristic ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Original Idea ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Complete Measurement

Abstract This paper presents a novel deductive methodology, which is accomplished by applying difference analysis to nano-probing technique. In order to prove the novel methodology, the specimens with 90nm process and soft failures were chosen for the experiment. The objective is to overcome the difficulty in detecting non-visual, erratic, and complex failure modes. And the original idea of this deductive method is based on the complete measurement of electrical characteristic by nano-probing and difference analysis. The capability to distinguish erratic and invisible defect was proven, even when the compound and complicated failure mode resulted in a puzzling characteristic.

Methodology for Analysis of Schottky Diode Failures

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu P. Sood ◽  
Michael Pecht ◽  
John Miker ◽  
Tom Wanek
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Schottky Diode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Forward Voltage ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
The Common

Abstract Schottky diodes are semiconductor switching devices with low forward voltage drops and very fast switching speeds. This paper provides an overview of the common failure modes in Schottky diodes and corresponding failure mechanisms associated with each failure mode. Results of material level evaluation on diodes and packages as well as manufacturing and assembly processes are analyzed to identify a set of possible failure sites with associated failure modes, mechanisms, and causes. A case study is then presented to illustrate the application of a systematic FMMEA methodology to the analysis of a specific failure in a Schottky diode package.

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