Novel High Performance Elastomers: New, Recyclable Materials for Oil and Gas From In-Line Inspection to Pipe Coating

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Magerstädt ◽  
Holger Schmidt ◽  
Gunther Blitz ◽  
Ralf Dopieralla ◽  
Frank Schellbach
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Polyurethane Elastomer ◽  
Polyurethane Elastomers ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tear Resistance

Starting out from the need for polyurethanes with higher abrasion and tear resistance for pipeline inspection, an entire class of new high performance elastomers were developed. Within a few years materials were synthesized which did not only extend the mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomers, but also led to the development of completely new products. Applications range from intelligent plastic solutions combining elastomers and electronics via highly abrasion resistant pipe coatings to a new process for recycling and reuse of crosslinked polyurethanes. Fundamental to these successful developments is the “building-block” chemistry of polyurethanes. A very high number of permutations of the up to 7 components used in the synthesis of a polyurethane elastomer is possible. By choosing the right combinations and the right reaction conditions, specific material properties can be designed. Materials exhibiting the following material properties, hitherto not found in polyurethanes, were developed: • An operating temperature range from −50 to +135°C. • Chemical resistance to highly acidic and alkaline media, e.g., pure ammonia. • Significantly higher abrasion and tear resistance than standard polyurethanes. • Exactly adjustable visco-elastic damping (rebound resilience). • Adhesion to steel higher than reported with any other polyurethane elastomer. • A novel polyurethane elastomer with more than 90% share of recycled material reaching mechanical properties in the same range as virgin material. This presentation will detail the materials and their properties and give application examples from pipeline cleaning, pipe protection, and pipe coating to mechanical protection devices made from recycled polyurethane elastomer.

Material Properties of Ultra - High Performance Concrete in Extreme Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Citek ◽  
Milan Rydval ◽  
Stanislav Rehacek ◽  
Jiří Kolísko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Freeze Thaw

The Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a very promising material suitable for application in special structures. However, the knowledge of performance of this relatively new material is rather limited. The exceptional mechanical properties of UHPC allow for a modification of the design rules, which are applicable in ordinary or high strength concrete. This paper deals in more detail with impact of thermal stress on bond properties between prestressing strands and UHPC and an influence of high temperature to final material properties of different UHPC mixtures. Specimens in the first experimental part were subjected to the cycling freeze-thaw testing. The relationship between bond behavior of both type of material (UHPC and ordinary concrete) and effect of cycling freeze-thaw tests was investigated. The second part of experimental work was focused on mechanical properties of UHPC exposure to the high temperature (Tmax = 200°C to Tmax = 1000°C). Tested mechanical properties were compressive and flexural strengths, the fracture properties will be presented in the next paper. The obtained experimental data serve as a basis for further systematic experimental verification and more accurate information about the significantly higher material properties of UHP(FR)C and its behavior in extreme conditions.

Electro- and photoelectro-catalysts derived from bimetallic amorphous metal–organic frameworks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8265-8282
Author(s):  
Javier Fonseca ◽  
Sunho Choi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Amorphous Metal ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media

It is developed a synthesis method for the design of new bimetallic amorphous MOFs. Such frameworks serve as precursors to prepare high-performance electro- and photoelectro-catalysts for ORR, OER and HER in both acidic and alkaline media.

scholarly journals Some reflections on the understanding of the oxygen reduction reaction at Pt(111)

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 956-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M Gómez-Marín ◽  
Ruben Rizo ◽  
Juan M Feliu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Vicinal Surfaces ◽  
Cooperative Approach ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media ◽  
The Right

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a pivotal process in electrochemistry. Unfortunately, after decades of intensive research, a fundamental knowledge about its reaction mechanism is still lacking. In this paper, a global and critical view on the most important experimental and theoretical results regarding the ORR on Pt(111) and its vicinal surfaces, in both acidic and alkaline media, is taken. Phenomena such as the ORR surface structure sensitivity and the lack of a reduction current at high potentials are discussed in the light of the surface oxidation and disordering processes and the possible relevance of the hydrogen peroxide reduction and oxidation reactions in the ORR mechanism. The necessity to build precise and realistic reaction models, which are deducted from reliable experimental results that need to be carefully taken under strict working conditions is shown. Therefore, progress in the understanding of this important reaction on a molecular level, and the choice of the right approach for the design of the electrocatalysts for fuel-cell cathodes is only possible through a cooperative approach between theory and experiments.

scholarly journals Ni-Based CW6MC: Effect of the Internal Revert Recycle on the Soundness of the Alloy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gruttadauria ◽  
Silvia Barella ◽  
Anna Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Nickel Based Alloy ◽  
Acidic Environments ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

AbstractThe CW6MC alloy is a nickel-based alloy used to withstand acidic environments, especially in the oil and gas industry where it is used in the production of valves, impellers, and pipes. This alloy is the foundry counterpart of the best known A625 for plastic deformation. Regarding nickel-based alloys, a scrap market like that in the case of steel has not yet been established, therefore, especially in the case of foundries, scrap generally comes from internal recycling (casting waste, feeders, sprues, runners, etc.) to be certain of the origin and quality of the material. In this work, four castings with different percentage of recycled content (0%, 30%, 70%, 100%) were produced in accordance with the technical specifications and analysed to evaluate the effect of scrap on the final chemical composition, the microstructure, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Following the analyses carried out, it was determined that the amount of acceptable scrap content (of those analysed) without compromising the material properties corresponds to 30%.

scholarly journals Degradation and detoxification of 2-chlorophenol aqueous solutions using ionizing gamma radiation

Nukleonika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali Basfar ◽  
Majid Muneer ◽  
Omar Ahmed Alsager
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media ◽  
First Time ◽  
By Products

Abstract Chlorophenols are compounds with high toxicity, poor biodegradability, and carcinogenic and recalcitrant properties. This work studies, for the first time, the destruction and detoxification of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in water using 60Co gamma radiation under different conditions including varied radiation doses, addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and varied pH values. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ion chromatography (IC) confirmed a successful degradation of 2-CP to primarily yield phenol molecules and chloride anions. A radiation dose as low as 25 kGy achieved approximately 90% removal of 50–150 ppm of 2-CP in neutral water. However, the addition of a strong oxidizer such as H2O2 to 2-CP solutions reduced the required dose to achieve 90% removal to at least 1.3-fold. The reduction in radiation doses was also observed in acidic and alkaline media, reducing the required doses of 90% removal to at least 0.4-fold. It was imperative to study the toxicity levels of the oxidation by-products to provide directions for the potential applicability of this technology in water treatment. Toxicology Microtox® bioassay indicated a significant reduction in the toxicity of the degradation by-products and the detoxification was further enhanced by the addition of H2O2 and changing the pH to more acidic or alkaline conditions. These findings will contribute to the knowledge of the removal and detoxification of such challenging environmental contaminant and could be potentially applied to other biologically resistant compounds.

Efficient oxygen electroreduction over ordered mesoporous Co–N-doped carbon derived from cobalt porphyrin

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
pp. 15167-15174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Li ◽  
Z. Han ◽  
Y. Yu ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
B. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Oxygen Electroreduction ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Cobalt Porphyrin ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Comparable Activity ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media

High-performance self-supported Co–N-doped carbon electrocatalyst for ORR with comparable activity to Pt/C in both acidic and alkaline media was prepared.

The Influence of Sparse Filling of FDM-Printed Samples on Mechanical Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfone and a Carbon-Filled Composite Based on it

2020 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 550-555
Author(s):  
Azamat A. Khashirov ◽  
Azamat L. Slonov ◽  
Ismel V. Musov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Automotive Manufacturing ◽  
High Performance Polymers ◽  
Filled Composite ◽  
Lower Material ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Material Expenditure

FDM-printing technology is widely used in many fields including highly responsible industries such as aerospace, oil and gas and automotive manufacturing. Polyphenylene sulfone and its composites are one of the most common used high-performance polymers in those fields but polyphenylene sulfone is expensive and the lower material would be used for production the more applications could be able to enroot polyphenylene sulfone to their industries. Additive manufacturing opens new boundaries comparing to traditional technologies allowing to use the grid filling of parts which can help to reduce the material expenditure. In this research the influence of grid filling to mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone and its carbon-filled composite samples obtained using FDM-printing technology was studied. The article includes results about the effect of various grid sizes and its type on the mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone and its carbon-filled composite samples, and It shows the possibility of significant material savings while maintaining the required product properties.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Mono (Ethylene Glycol)-Based Polyurethane and Effect of Chain Extender on Its Associated Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3436
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Muhammad Taqi Zahid Butt ◽  
Shahzad Maqsood Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Chain Extender ◽  
Polyurethane Elastomer ◽  
Polyester Polyol ◽  
Polyurethane Elastomers ◽  
Abrasion Wear ◽  
Aromatic Polyester

This study depicts the investigations of the effect of composition of aromatic polyester polyol produced from terephthalic acid (TPA) and different concentrations of monoethylene glycol (mEG) as a chain extender on the mechanical properties of polyurethane (PU) elastomer. Aromatic polyester polyols are prepared via the poly-esterification of adipic acid, terephthalic acid, catalyst, and mono ethylene glycol; while a polyurethane elastomer is formulated via the pre-polymerization of polyol with pure monomeric Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI.) Mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomers are examined, such as hardness via shore A hardness, apparent density via ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) D1622–08, and abrasion wear resistance via a Deutches Institut fur Normung (DIN) abrasion wear resistance tester. Structural properties are investigated through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Results reveal that the shore A hardness of the PU elastomer increases with an increasing concentration of mEG from 4g to 12g. Nevertheless, the elastomer’s density depicts a reduction with an increasing extender content. The abrasion wear resistance of polyurethane, however, increases with an increasing concentration of glycol. A structural analysis through FTIR confirms the formation of polyurethane elastomer through the characteristic peaks demonstrated.

scholarly journals One-Pot Synthesis of W2C/WS2 Hybrid Nanostructures for Improved Hydrogen Evolution Reactions and Supercapacitors

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Iqra Rabani ◽  
Dhanasekaran Vikraman ◽  
Asad Feroze ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructures ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Symmetric Supercapacitor ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media ◽  
First Time

Tungsten sulfide (WS2) and tungsten carbide (W2C) are materialized as the auspicious candidates for various electrochemical applications, owing to their plentiful active edge sites and better conductivity. In this work, the integration of W2C and WS2 was performed by using a simple chemical reaction to form W2C/WS2 hybrid as a proficient electrode for hydrogen evolution and supercapacitors. For the first time, a W2C/WS2 hybrid was engaged as a supercapacitor electrode and explored an incredible specific capacitance of ~1018 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with the outstanding robustness. Furthermore, the constructed symmetric supercapacitor using W2C/WS2 possessed an energy density of 45.5 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 kW kg−1 power density. For hydrogen evolution, the W2C/WS2 hybrid produced the low overpotentials of 133 and 105 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with the small Tafel slopes of 70 and 84 mV dec−1 in acidic and alkaline media, respectively, proving their outstanding interfaced electrocatalytic characteristics. The engineered W2C/WS2-based electrode offered the high-performance for electrochemical energy applications.

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