Reliability Modelling: Petrobras 2010 Integrated Gas Supply Chain

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Faertes ◽  
Leonardo Saker ◽  
Luciana Heil ◽  
Flavia Vieira ◽  
Francisco Risi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Reliability Modeling ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Reliability Performance ◽  
Gas Supply

The purpose of this paper is to present the innovative reliability modeling of Petrobras 2010 integrated gas supply chain. The model represents a challenge in terms of complexity and software robustness. It was jointly developed by PETROBRAS Gas & Power Department and Det Norske Veritas. It was carried out with the objective of evaluating security of supply of 2010 gas network design that was conceived to connect Brazilian Northeast and Southeast regions. To provide best in class analysis, state of the art software was used to quantify the availability and the efficiency of the overall network and its individual components (such as gas processing units, city-gates, compressor stations, pipelines). The study requests, as input, a lot of information, that should be provided from different sectors of Petrobras, since it is supposed to depict reliability performance of all gas supply chain players. Information such as 2010 design configurations, gas offer and demand profiles, shedding priority, pressure delivery conditions, supply contract and associated penalties, commodity prices, etc., should be raised and addressed. More than twelve processing plants were modeled, in a detailed manner, and have their performance indicators compared. Different gas sources were considered in the study, such as offshore platforms, onshore fields, Bolivia pipeline and LNG ships. Detailed failure probability and repair data were addressed. Contingency plans, for each identified scenario, were made, in order to evaluate probable losses that constitute an input for the reliability modeling. Therefore, two additional software’s were used for their validation: - Pipeline studio – TGNET (from Energy Solutions), to check pressure conditions; and an in-house Petrobras software (PLANAGE), used for best gas allocation purposes. Experienced operational team opinion was incorporated on that contingency plans elaboration. This work constitutes a powerful tool for Petrobras planning and optimization of gas supply chain future configurations. The simulation provides propositions for investments prioritization, based on cost benefit analysis, and as a by-product, contingency plans, that were developed, considering different failure scenarios.

Feasibility of Repurposing Offshore Decommissioned Gas Rigs into Fish Farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Pal ◽  
Chengi Kuo
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Fish Farms

Abstract In the past 70 years the world has relied extensively for its energy needs based on hydrocarbons produced significantly offshore. In recent years many installations with fixed platforms and pipelines are reaching the end of their useful life and are required by law to be decommissioned and removed if an approved alternative use cannot be found. This process coincides with focus on decarbonization arising from global warming and climate change. The conventional way of decommissioning is to remove the structure and take it onshore for disposal. Such an activity costs around £28 million for smaller UKCS installations in the Southern North Sea. Possible alternative solutions include their use as a research-leisure complex and artificial reef. Such an approach would have less impact on the environment and it is therefore worthwhile to explore the feasibility of repurposing these decommissioned UKCS platforms. The paper begins by highlighting the background to UKCS offshore decommissioning and farming fish life-cycle. This is followed by a critical review of the three options of total and partial removals and leave-on-site. It is found that repurposing decommissioned platforms for aquaculture farm has not been given sufficient attention and thus offers scope for a project to explore the feasibility of such a solution. Existing offshore fish farming in various countries are examined before using a decision-making matrix to select the most suitable UKCS installation for conversion and this led to using a normally unattended gas platform for the case study. The focus for this paper is on design and operation of an unattended fish farm and its cost benefit analysis. The former covers fish cage selection, capacity calculation, fish handling procedures, fish feed characteristics, feed demand, designing feed logistics and storage system. The processing facilities are layout on two decks and power needs are generated using a hybrid system of diesel and Li-ion battery. The possibility of using renewable sources by connecting to wind energy grids was also considered. For the latter capital and operating expenditure, revenue generated and maintenance costs are estimated before performing net present value prediction of the profitability of the fish farm over 10 years with for example up to 8 cages and three discount rates. The main conclusions derived are: It is technically feasible to convert a decommissioned gas platform to a fish farm and the operation can be economic. However, liability transfer implications in a repurposed offshore decommissioned gas platforms to fish farms were not established to verify the project viability. The conversion of unattended offshore gas platforms in the UKCS to an automated offshore fish farm is a novel solution which has not been implemented in the North Sea before. The work will provide an economic and environmental friendly solution to decommissioning offshore platforms and provide with a possible profitable investment.

scholarly journals Contract farming risks: A quantitative assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Arkins M Kabungo ◽  
Glenn P Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Stakeholder Model

The objective of this study is to identify the key risks facing each of the stakeholders in the export-focused paprika value chain in Zambia. Although a deterministic cost-benefit analysis indicated that this outgrower scheme would have a very satisfactory net present value (NPV), a Monte Carlo analysis using an integrated financial–economic–stakeholder model identifies a number of risk variables that could make this system unsustainable. The major risks include the variability of the real exchange rate in Zambia; the international price of paprika; and the farm yield rates. This analysis points out that irrigation systems are very important for both stabilising and increasing yields. The analysis also shows the limitations of loan financing for such outgrower arrangements when at the sector level it is difficult or even impossible to mitigate the risks from real exchange rate movements and changes in international commodity prices. This micro-level analysis shows how critical real exchange rate management policies are in achieving sustainability of such export-oriented value chains.

scholarly journals Analisis Pemanfaatan RFID terhadap Efisiensi Biaya dalam Global Supply Chain Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Yustina Tritularsih
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Chain Process ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
A Company

<p class="yiv2767954440ydp91c392edmsonormal"><em><span>Supply Chain Management (SCM) has been assumed to play an important role in the company's performance and has attracted academician’s attention to research seriously in these recent years. A number of literatures reveal the research of supply chain management developmenth that has implemented RFID technology. Generally, the method is implemented by combining and informing the journal about cost-benefit analysis model in a company that applies RFID tag technology integratedly from production line, delivery up to management of retailer part. Currently, all links from the entire supply chain need to integrate those different parts and have better controls to get better returns. This integration must offer the ability for the company to have a thorough and transparent insight into its supply chain activities. Intelligent supply chains that are primarily supported by RFID technology can meet these integration needs. By using RFID, a company can benefit from several advantages. One of them is cost reduction and time efficiency. This paper attempts to recommend a model to estimate the benefits of implementing RFID in companies that have an integrated supply chain process. The proposed model is used to find out the value of depreciation and RFID price tag that can provide maximum benefit from RFID implementation. Examples of case studies provide a better understanding of calculation model </span></em></p>

scholarly journals A new blockchain system design to improve the supply chain of engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) companies – a case study in the oil and gas sector

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Amiri Ara ◽  
Klara Paardenkooper ◽  
Ron van Duin
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
System Design ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
External Expert

Purpose This paper aims to propose a new blockchain system design to improve engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) companies’ supply chain for constructing oil and gas infrastructure, by mitigating cost and time inefficiencies. Design/methodology/approach A case study analyses the supply chain of a sample EPC company. First, a literature review is conducted to explore the subject in academic literature. Second, information flows are mapped using responsible, accountable, consulted and informed analysis and cross-functional process mapping. Third, inefficiencies are identified. Fourth, the root causes of the inefficiencies are pinpointed using fishbone and five-times-why analysis. Fifth, a comparison is made between the linear and the blockchain information system via force-field analysis. Sixth, a specific blockchain system design is identified based on three external expert interviews. Finally, the new system is designed and a cost-benefit analysis is conducted. Findings Major cost and time inefficiencies in oil and gas infrastructure developments are caused by a poor information flow in the supply chain. The new blockchain system design is a feasible solution, reducing cost inefficiencies by 12.4% and operation lead-times by 36.5%. Research limitations/implications The confidentiality of the sample EPC company’s information represents a limitation. Originality/value The research introduces a new blockchain system design, reducing cost and time inefficiencies in the project-development supply chain, including implementation processes.

scholarly journals De-Risking Wood-Based Bioenergy Development in Remote and Indigenous Communities in Canada

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2603
Author(s):  
Jennifer Buss ◽  
Nicolas Mansuy ◽  
Sebnem Madrali
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Bioenergy Systems

Remote and Indigenous communities in Canada have a unique opportunity to mobilize the vast amount of wood-based biomass to meet their energy needs, while supporting a local economy, and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study realized in collaboration with five remote and Indigenous communities across Canada investigates the main barriers and potential solutions to developing stable and sustainable wood-based bioenergy systems. Our results highlight that despite the differences in available biomass and geographical context, these communities face common policy, economic, operational, cultural, social, and environmental risks and barriers to developing bioenergy. The communities identified and ranked the biggest barriers as follows; the high initial investment of bioenergy projects, the logistical and operational challenges of developing a sustainable wood supply chain in remote locations, and the limited opportunities for community leadership of bioenergy projects. Environmental risks have been ranked as the least important by all the communities, except for the communities in Manitoba, which ranked it as the second most important risk. However, all the communities agreed that climate change is the main environmental driver disturbing the wood-based bioenergy supply chain. To de-risk the wood-based bioenergy system, we suggest that stable and sustainable supply chains can be implemented by restoring community-based resources management supported by local knowledge and workforce. Using local knowledge can also help reduce the impacts caused by biomass harvesting on the ecosystem and avoid competition with traditional land uses. Including positive externalities to cost benefit analysis, when comparing bioenergy systems to existing energy installation, will likely make bioenergy projects more attractive for the community financially. Alternatively, supporting co-learning between partners and among communities can improve knowledge and innovation sharing.

scholarly journals Review of QTRA and Risk-based Cost-benefit Assessment of Tree Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Stewart ◽  
Dealga O’Callaghan ◽  
Mark Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Fig Trees ◽  
The 1960S

Quantified Risk Assessment (QRA) has been in wide use in risk management since the 1960s for systems ranging from aviation, nuclear power, and offshore platforms to medical treatment and pharmaceuticals. The Quantified Tree Risk Assessment (QTRA) system is examined considering the principles of QRA. A case study of 14 fig trees in Newcastle, Australia, illustrates some limitations of the QTRA process, and extrapolating risks for a single tree to a group of trees. There is a need for any risk management process involving trees, not only to assess the risk, but to weigh the benefits provided by trees by a risk-based cost-benefit analysis. Tree risk assessors should rely on benchmarks to ensure that their assessment is not outside of the realms of reality or scientific rigor.

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