Remedial Measures to Tame the Frost Heaves at Gas Distribution Stations in West-East Gas Pipeline

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoming Deng ◽  
Xiaoping Wang ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Yongtao Jiang ◽  
Jing Gong
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Gas Fueled ◽  
Frost Heaves ◽  
Gas Fields

The first West-East Gas Pipeline, running from the Tarim Basin gas fields in Xinjiang to the Yangtze River Delta area in China, is an 1016-mm-dia, 3900-km-long pipeline, the design capacity and pressure of which are 12 billion cubic meters annually and 10 MPa respectively. The whole pipeline was put into commercial operation on Oct. 2004, and the distribution stations suffered from frost heaves due to subfreezing gas temperatures, with obvious uplifts of valves from the bases, upheavals of the ground, and cracks of the paved surfaces and fence walls, and deformations of gas pipelines. From the commission on, the demand on gas in the downstream market was booming, and the company strove to upgrade the throughput to 17 billion cubic meters annually by building new gas compressor stations, so the more serious frost heaves are expected at the regulator stations. As we know, gas-fueled heaters can effectively tackle the frost heaves, but the difficulty of land acquisition, and more expensive CAPEX and OPEX limit the installation of the gas-fueled heaters. In this paper, various types of measures to cope with the frost heaves are compared and analyzed. Based on the geotechnical survey of field soils, theoretical calculations and actual data, soil replacement schemes with a water migration control technique are developed and successfully applied at different gas distribution stations with different water tables. The schemes are simple to use, and are cost-effective. When the remedial actions with this scheme are conducted, no interruptions of service are required. Furthermore, a large sum of expense is saved in comparison with the gas-fueled heaters.

Outside the Box: Innovative Application of Diversion as a Replacement for Bridge Plug

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chang ◽  
De Qiang Yi ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Peng Liang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Particle Fracture ◽  
Sand Body ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
Casing Deformation

Abstract Effective stage-to-stage isolation is typically accomplished by setting a bridge plug in a properly cemented casing between stages. This isolation plays a vital role in a horizontal well multistage fracturing completion. Failure of isolation not only impacts the well productivity but also wastes fracturing materials. The challenges isolation failure poses for stimulation effectiveness include both detection and remediation. First, there has been historically no reliable and cost-effective solution to detect stage-to-stage isolation onsite. One may only start to realize this problem when inconsistent production is observed. Second, existing remedial actions are seldom satisfying in case of an isolation failure. Most commonly, a new plug is set to replace the failed one. However, because the perforation clusters of an unstimulated stage may create irregularities in well inside diameter (ID) (e.g., casing deformation or burr), there is a risk that the plug will be damaged or become stuck when it passes the perforation area. Also, when the plug passes a perforation cluster, the perforations start to take in the pump-down fluid, which can increase the difficulty of the pump-down job. A novel remedial action uses high-frequency pressure monitoring (HFPM) and diversion to solve both challenges. The stage isolation integrity is evaluated in quasi-real time by analyzing the water hammer after the pump shutdown. In the case of a plug failure, large-particle fracture diversion materials and techniques can establish temporary wellbore isolation through a quick and simple delivery process. To close the cycle, the effect of the diversion can be evaluated by HFPM, which can reveal the fluid entry point of the treatment fluid after diversion. The technique was applied to two cases in Ordos basin in which wellbore isolation failure interrupted the operation. The problem identification, development of the solution workflow, and observation from treatment analysis are discussed. In both cases, the stage-to-stage isolation was recovered, and the drilled sand body was successfully stimulated without involving costly and time-consuming well intervention. The stimulation operation of the entire well was successfully resumed in a timely manner.

Street Lamps Monitoring System Using Relay Control Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Eakdanai Kavichai ◽  
Chirdpong Deelertpaiboon
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Relay Control ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Light System ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Street Lamp

This research proposes a simple but very effective method to determine faulty street lamps by utilizing a microcontroller associated with relay control technique to analyze the current consumption of the lamps. With such approach, the lighting system can automatically report the number and the position of the faulty street lamp to the operator in the control room. As a consequence, the faulty street lamp can be quickly repaired. The user interface and controller are programmed in LabVIEW software. The result is verified by modeling street light system using five 100 watts incandescent light bulbs connected in parallel. The results of this research can be applied to improve the existing street light system especially in Thailand. Furthermore, equipment used in this research is cost effective.

scholarly journals Using plants to remediate or manage metal-polluted soils: an overview on the current state of phytotechnologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e58283
Author(s):  
Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽  
Caroline Miranda Biondi ◽  
Fernando Bruno Vieira da Silva ◽  
Luiz Henrique Vieira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Current State ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
The Tropics

Soil contamination by metals threatens both the environment and human health and hence requires remedial actions. The conventional approach of removing polluted soils and replacing them with clean soils (excavation) is very costly for low-value sites and not feasible on a large scale. In this scenario, phytoremediation emerged as a promising cost-effective and environmentally-friendly technology to render metals less bioavailable (phytostabilization) or clean up metal-polluted soils (phytoextraction). Phytostabilization has demonstrable successes in mining sites and brownfields. On the other hand, phytoextraction still has few examples of successful applications. Either by using hyperaccumulating plants or high biomass plants induced to accumulate metals through chelator addition to the soil, major phytoextraction bottlenecks remain, mainly the extended time frame to remediation and lack of revenue from the land during the process. Due to these drawbacks, phytomanagement has been proposed to provide economic, environmental, and social benefits until the contaminated site returns to productive usage. Here, we review the evolution, promises, and limitations of these phytotechnologies. Despite the lack of commercial phytoextraction operations, there have been significant advances in understanding phytotechnologies' main constraints. Further investigation on new plant species, especially in the tropics, and soil amendments can potentially provide the basis to transform phytoextraction into an operational metal clean-up technology in the future. However, at the current state of the art, phytotechnology is moving the focus from remediation technologies to pollution attenuation and palliative cares.

On the peculiarities of legal regulation and algorithm for solving the issue of cutting down trees and shrubs in the protective zone of gas pipeline

2021 ◽  
pp. 692-703
Author(s):  
Olga M. Alekhina ◽  
Alina I. Anapolskaya ◽  
Yuliya S. Kanina
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Land Plot ◽  
Gas Networks ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Protected Zone

We present a legal regulation analysis of procedure for cutting down emergency trees and trees and shrubs located in the protected zone of the gas pipeline, which poses a threat to the safety and functioning of gas networks. The purpose of study is to determine the subjects and the proce-dure for cutting down emergency trees in the security zone of gas pipeline, as well as to assess the regulatory regulation of procedure for cutting down emergency trees in the security zone of gas pipeline, taking into account the balance of interests of gas distribution organizations, local authorities and citizens – owners of land plots. The research methodology is based on a sys-tematic approach in the analysis of the legal regulation of the subject of re-search, formal legal, logical methods of cognition, which together ensure the reliability and validity of conclusions and proposals on the algorithm for solving the issue of cutting down trees and shrubs in the protective zone of the gas pipeline. We conclude that there is variability in the regulation of the elimination of emergency trees, taking into account such conditions as the location of the gas pipeline security zone (ownership of territory) and the owner of the land plot on which the trees are located. We state that the pres-ence of tree plantations in the security zone of gas distribution networks is not prohibited by law, but there is a procedure for the owner of land plots and gas networks to remove trees that potentially pose a threat to the safety of the gas pipeline within the security zone. The legislation unambiguously determines that the person who is obliged to carry out work on cutting down trees and sawing off branches is the owner of the land plot. All work on cutting trees must be carried out taking into account the interests of the gas distribution organization, the owner of the gas pipeline and a real threat to the safety of the gas pipeline. We formulate recommendations for effective building of interaction between subjects interested in resolving the problems of finding emergency trees in the protected zone of the gas pipeline.

Risk reduction through advanced leak management

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Silvio Stojic ◽  
Antoine Hanekom ◽  
Russell Colman
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Product Loss ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Leak Management ◽  
Component Failures

Leaks of hydrocarbon to the atmosphere can be a major facility safety risk and personnel occupational health and safety (OHS) risk for oil and gas producing and processing facilities. Normally closed valves that pass or leak in-line are also a major contributor to product loss and facility risk. Component failures of these types have two common and challenging features: they are hard to find among the tens of thousands of potential leak sources, and the leakage rates either to the atmosphere or in-line can vary from minor to potentially catastrophic. In the past seven to eight years, advanced methods for finding and managing leaks resulting from poor component integrity have been developed. This paper covers some of ATMECO’s accumulated knowledge developed over many leak surveys of both onshore and offshore oil and gas facilities. Typical statistical profiles of leaks from uncontrolled facilities are presented. The types of component failure that lead to leaks are discussed along with probabilistic analyses relating to the next likely failure. Technologies of leak detection are reviewed, highlighting benefits and problems. Also discussed are the prerequisite data capture and management systems needed for a competent, robust and auditable system to manage component integrity. Gas imaging technology is becoming one of the core hydrocarbon leak detection tools and also assists greatly in the analyses of leaks and in providing valuable input to remedial actions. Survey design requirements for continuing and cost-effective component leak risk management are reviewed. Recommendations are provided about the preferred methods and management structures for programs designed to minimise component integrity risks.

Natural gas separation at CO2CRC's Otway National Research Facility

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Abdul Qader ◽  
Jai Kant Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
The University

CO2CRC, in collaboration with the University of Melbourne and the University of New South Wales, is testing two novel CO2 capture technologies designed for both on-shore and off-shore natural gas applications in a state-of-the-art experimental capture rig at CO2CRC’s Otway National Research Facility. The goal is to develop robust and compact technology for high pressure natural gas separation over a range of adjusted high CO2 concentrations mimicking various gas field conditions. These technologies would facilitate developing new gas fields to recover methane in a cost-effective manner which is currently uneconomical with conventional technologies. In the first stage of testing, commercially available materials (adsorbents and membranes) were used for benchmarking. Results from both adsorbent and membrane technologies are encouraging with respect to recovery and purity of CO2 and methane with the prospect of commercial application.

Implementation of a Cost Effective Gas Pipeline Monitoring System for Water Ingress Detection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishaan Gupta ◽  
Srivathsan Chakaravarthi Narasimman ◽  
Ravula Sugunakar Reddy ◽  
Justin Dauwels ◽  
Abhisek Ukil
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Water Ingress ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring

scholarly journals Dynamic oxygen adsorption on single-atomic Ruthenium catalyst with high performance for acidic oxygen evolution reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Cao ◽  
Qiquan Luo ◽  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Yue Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Oxygen Adsorption ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Acid Media

Abstract Achieving active and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid media based on single-atom catalysts is highly promising for cost-effective and sustainable energy supply in proton electrolyte membrane electrolyzers. Here, we report an atomically dispersed Ru1-N4 site anchored on nitrogen-carbon support (Ru-N-C) as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for acidic OER. The single-atom Ru-N-C catalyst delivers an exceptionally intrinsic activity, reaching a mass activity as high as 3571 A gmetal−1 and turnover frequency of 3348 O2 h−1 with a low overpotential of 267 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The catalyst shows no evident deactivation or decomposition after 30-hour operation in acidic environment. Operando synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy identify the dynamic adsorption of single oxygen atom on Ru site under working potentials, and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the O-Ru1-N4 site is responsible for the high OER activity and stability.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Local Drag of Completion String with Packers in Horizontal Wells

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qimin Liang ◽  
Bairu Xia ◽  
Baolin Liu ◽  
Zhen Nie ◽  
Baokui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Gas Fields

The multistage stimulation technology of horizontal wells has brought huge benefits to the development of oil and gas fields. However, the completion string with packers often encounters stuck due to the large drag in the horizontal section, causing huge economic losses. The local drag of the completion string with packers in the horizontal section is very complicated, and it has not been fully understood by theoretical calculations. A local drag experiment is designed to simulate the influence of microsteps and cuttings on the local drag of the completion string with packers in the inclined and horizontal sections. An obvious increase of the local drag of the packer is found at microsteps of the horizontal section, and the local drag is greatly affected by the amount of sand. In addition, the string with packers will vibrate during the tripping process in the deviated section, and the local drag is different when different amounts of sand are in the hole, but the change law is similar. The experimental results show that the friction coefficients of the packers with different materials in the horizontal section vary greatly, resulting in different local drags. It indicates that the local drag of the completion string not only depends on the microsteps and sand quantity in the wellbore, but also on the material difference of the packers. Only if microsteps and cuttings are removed can the completion string be tripped into horizontal wells smoothly.

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