Extended Distance Fiber Optic Monitoring for Pipeline Leak and Ground Movement Detection

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Ravet ◽  
Fabien Briffod ◽  
Marc Nikle`s
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Movement Detection ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Single Instrument

We present a comprehensive solution for in-line and realtime monitoring of long distance pipeline using distributed fiber optic sensors. The technique is based on Brillouin scattering and is capable of measuring strain and temperature over distances larger than 150 km with meter resolution using a single instrument. The solution includes ground movement, leakage and third party intrusion detection. The solution presentation is supported by experimental results and practical cases of implementation.

Application of Brillouin Fiber Optic Sensors to Monitor Pipeline Integrity

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Tennyson ◽  
W. D. Morison ◽  
B. Colpitts ◽  
A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Thermal Anomalies ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Close Proximity

This paper describes the application of Brillouin fiber optic sensors to monitor pipeline integrity in terms of third party intrusion, leak detection, and ground movement. Brillouin sensors provide a means for continuous monitoring of strain and temperature distributions over distances of about 25km. The optical fibers can be bonded to the pipeline or buried in close proximity to the pipe. Third party intrusion is detected by strain anomalies caused by vehicles or persons in close proximity to the sensor located at some depth below the surface. Leaks from oil or gas pipelines are detected by thermal anomalies in the temperature profiles. Pipeline movement can also be detected using this system for existing and new pipeline installations. Applications include northern pipelines, high consequence areas, river crossings and fault lines.

Ultra long distance distributed fiber-optic system for intrusion detection

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Tu ◽  
Shangran Xie ◽  
Zhaogong Jiang ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Optic System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fiber Optic System

Ultra long distance distributed fiber-optic system for intrusion detection

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaogong Jiang ◽  
Dongsheng Tu ◽  
Shangran Xie ◽  
Shangjin Ren ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Optic System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fiber Optic System

Low-cost real-time fiber optic sensor for intrusion detection

Sensor Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Abdallah ◽  
Mohamed M. Fouad ◽  
Hesham N. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Reference Signal ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intensity Modulated ◽  
Optic Sensor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel intensity-modulated fiber optic sensor for real-time intrusion detection using a fiber-optic microbend sensor and an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR). Design/methodology/approach The proposed system is tested using different scenarios using person/car as intruders. Experiments are conducted in the lab and in the field. In the beginning, the OTDR trace is obtained and recorded as a reference signal without intrusion events. The second step is to capture the OTDR trace with intrusion events in one or multiple sectors. This measured signal is then compared to the reference signal and processed by matrix laboratory to determine the intruded sector. Information of the intrusion is displayed on an interactive screen implemented by Visual basic. The deformer is designed and implemented using SOLIDWORKS three-dimensional computer aided design Software. Findings The system is tested for intrusions by performing two experiments. The first experiment is performed for both persons (>50 kg) in the lab and cars in an open field with a car moving at 60 km/h using two optical fiber sectors of lengths 200 and 500 m. For test purposes, the deformer length used in the experiment is 2 m. The used signal processing technique in the first experiment has some limitations and its accuracy is 70% after measuring and recording 100 observations. To overcome these limitations, a second experiment with another technique of signal processing is performed. Research limitations/implications The system can perfectly display consecutive intrusions of the sectors, but in case of simultaneous intrusions of different sectors, which is difficult to take place in real situations, there will be the ambiguity of the number of intruders and the intruded sector. This will be addressed in future work. Suitable and stable laser power is required to get a suitable level of backscattered power. Optimization of the deformer is required to enhance the sensitivity and reliability of the sensor. Practical implications The proposed work enables us to benefit from the ease of implementation and the reduced cost of the intensity-modulated fiber optic sensors because it overcomes the constraints that prevent using the intensity-modulated fiber optic sensors for intrusion detection. Originality/value The proposed system is the first time long-range intensity-modulated fiber optic sensor for intrusion detection.

Evanescent Wave Absorption Spectroscopy by Means of Bi-Tapered Multimode Optical Fibers

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Grazia Mignani ◽  
Riccardo Falciai ◽  
Leonardo Ciaccheri
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Evanescent Wave ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Multimode Optical Fiber ◽  
Wave Absorption ◽  
Reproducible Technique

This paper discusses the theoretical and experimental implications of tapering a multimode optical fiber with a view to its use in evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy. Good experimental results are obtained, showing the possibility of quadruplicating the absorbance efficiency. This easy and reproducible technique for taper fabrication is suitable for the implementation of both probes for spectroscopy and chemically assisted fiber-optic sensors.

Fiber Optic Sensors for Monitoring Pipe Bending Due to Ground Movement

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Cauchi ◽  
Thierry Cherpillod ◽  
Don Morison ◽  
Ed McClarty
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Optic Sensor ◽  
Coiled Fiber ◽  
Back Filling ◽  
Pipe Bending ◽  
Sour Gas

This paper describes an installation of fiber optic sensors designed to measure pipe bending due to ground movement at three sites on a 16” gas transmission line. The sour gas pipeline had failed in December, 2004 from excessive forces related to ground movement. As temporary mitigation the pipeline was daylighted to reduce the soil traction forces but a comprehensive monitoring program had to be developed before placing the pipeline back into conventional service. During the time when the section of pipeline was daylighted, three linear and three coiled fiber optic sensors were installed at each of three sites selected as part of a system designed to measure bending strains in the 0.01–1.0% range. The two types of sensors were placed in pairs approximately at the 12, 4, and 8 o’clock positions. Conventional vibrating wire (VW) strain gauges were also installed at the fiber optic sensor locations for comparison purposes. Slope inclinometers were installed at each of the instrumentation sites to correlate ground movement to pipe bending. Following pipeline re-coating, and back-filling, visits to the site were made at approximately monthly intervals to gather data at conveniently placed break-out boxes. The complete fiber optic sensor system functionality is described and results are presented that show how the raw strain data are transformed into bending using software that also serves as a secure database.

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