Advanced Engineering Critical Assessments of Seam Weld Features in Pressure Cycled Hazardous Liquid Pipelines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Spencer ◽  
Wilson Santamaria ◽  
Jane Dawson ◽  
Hong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
Seam Weld ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Pipeline Segment ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Future Growth

The performance of older ERW pipelines has raised concerns regarding their ability to reliably transport product to market. Low toughness or “dirty” steels combined with time dependent threats such as surface breaking defects, selective corrosion and hook cracks are especially of concern in hazardous liquid pipelines that are inevitably subject to cyclic loading, increasing both the probability and rate of crack growth. The existing methods of evaluating seam weld flaws by hydrostatically testing the pipeline or In-Line Inspection (ILI) with an appropriate technology are well established. Hydrostatic testing, whilst providing a quantified level of safety is often impracticable due to associated costs, logistics and the possibility of multiple failures during the test. ILI technologies have become more sophisticated and as a result can accurately detect and size both critical and sub-critical flaws within the pipeline. However, the vast amounts of data generated can often be daunting for a pipeline operator especially when tool tolerances and future growth are required to be accounted for. For either method, extensive knowledge of the benefits and disadvantages are required to assess which is the more appropriate for a particular pipeline segment. This paper will describe advances in the interpretation of seam weld flaws detected by ILI and how they can be applied to an Integrity Management Plan. Signal processing improvements, validated by in-field verifications have enabled detailed profiles of surface breaking defects at seam welds for ERW pipelines to be determined. Using these profiles along with established fracture and fatigue analysis methods allows for reductions in the unnecessary conservatism previously associated with the assessment of seam weld flaws detected by ILI. Combining these results with other available data, e.g. dig verifications, previous hydrostatic testing records, enables more realistic and better-informed integrity and maintenance planning decisions to be made. A real case study conducted in association with a pipeline operator is detailed in the paper and quantifies the benefits that can be realised by using these advanced assessment techniques, to safely and economically manage their assets going forward.

Baldpate Integrity Management Plan: A Continued Service Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kitson ◽  
D. Ramsay ◽  
D. Kemp ◽  
Y. Moslehy ◽  
R. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Integrity Management

Remaining Life Assessment of ERW Flaws: A Case Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Cazenave ◽  
Samarth Tandon ◽  
Katina Tinacos ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
David C. Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Seam Weld ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Remaining Life Assessment ◽  
Welded Pipe ◽  
Weld Area

Recent failures in seam weld pipe have raised concerns within the pipeline industry over the integrity of such welded pipe. Low-Frequency (LF) Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) pipe manufactured prior to 1970, in particular, can be susceptible to failures caused by hook cracks, lack of fusion and other planar defects should the weld area exhibit low toughness. Integrity management regulations and Pipeline operators are evaluating potential methodologies to address and mitigate the LF-ERW seam weld threat. A program has been initiated at Williams Northwest Pipeline GP (NWPGP) to address the integrity management of its pre-70s ERW pipelines. In this case study, as part of an overall integrity management program, a hydrostatic test and fatigue analysis based methodology for addressing the LF-ERW seam weld threat is presented. The methodology was applied to 15 pre-1970’s natural gas pipelines. The results and findings are summarized in terms of the integrity threat mitigation and maintenance strategies.

Deer Mountain Case Study: Integration of Pipe and Ground Monitoring Data With Historical Information to Develop a Landslide Management Plan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Babcock ◽  
Doug Dewar ◽  
Joel Webster ◽  
Tyler Lich
Keyword(s):  
Circumferential Stress ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Strain Relief ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Strain Monitoring ◽  
Pipeline Segment ◽  
Ground Monitoring

Abstract Deer Mountain is an active landslide complex near Swan Hills, AB. Pembina owns two pipelines that traverse the landslide. Prior to abandonment, four leaks occurred on the NPS 8 pipeline due to interaction of circumferential stress corrosion cracking and ground movement. The NPS 10 pipeline is operating and has not leaked, but has previously been strain relieved in several locations. To develop and execute a geohazard management plan for the operating pipeline, Pembina integrated pipe and ground monitoring data with historical information into a geographic information system. Locations of bending strain areas, strain gauges, pipe wall assessment (PWA) anomalies, slope inclinometers, and piezometers were cross-referenced with previous leak sites, historical dig sites, historical strain reliefs, and areas of shallow pipe burial. Overlaying the PWA with pre-existing pipe data allowed for identification of segments with a higher density/magnitude of suspected soil to pipe interactions. Strain monitoring, strain relief, and a surface pipeline segment were prescribed. A detailed monitoring plan was also produced for the landslide complex. This case study presents the process of integrating data, specifying monitoring/mitigative measures, and implementing strain relief at four locations. Additionally, the paper will discuss the design of the surface pipeline segment.

Managing the Threat of Selective Seam Weld Corrosion Using a State of the Art ILI System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Davies ◽  
Simon Slater ◽  
Christoper De Leon
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Seam Weld ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Weld Corrosion

Abstract For many years, pipeline safety regulations in the US have defined prescriptive minimum requirements for integrity management combined with a clear expectation that operators should do more than the minimum where appropriate. The regulations have also provided operators with the flexibility to take a performance based integrity management approach leveraging as much information available to manage threats effectively. One the threats that must be managed is Selective Seam Weld Corrosion (SSWC). SSWC is an environmentally assisted mechanism in which there is increased degree of metal loss in the longitudinal weld in comparison to the surrounding pipe body. An appropriate definition is linear corrosion that is deeper in the longitudinal weld zone than the surrounding pipe body. In some cases, the surrounding pipe body may have limited or no corrosion present, and in other cases the pipe body corrosion may have occurred but at a slower rate than the local corrosion in the longitudinal weld zone. Conventional responses to potential or identified threats focus on in-situ investigations, often resulting in expensive and un-planned repairs for features reported by In-line Inspection (ILI) that when assessed properly demonstrate a remnant life well into the next inspection interval. When ILI identifies metal loss indications co-located with the longitudinal seam weld, the current prescribed response is often a blanket call for remediation. Such a response may not be appropriate if an ILI system is deployed to discriminate feature types and integrity assessment is exercised leveraging a sound understanding of the pipe’s material properties. This paper describes an approach that can be taken to manage the threat of SSWC. The foundation of the approach is deployment of an appropriate ILI system incorporating an effective ILI technology, an optimized evaluation process considering the specific threat morphology, material testing and a structured dig program. The evaluation process uses the ILI data and data from the field in combination material properties data and a susceptibility analysis to classify anomalies as “Likely”, “Possible” and “Unlikely” SSWC. This is aligned with the guidance in API RP 1176 “Assessment and Management of Cracking in Pipelines” for defining an appropriate response to ILI calls. Approaching the management of SSWC in this way allows operators to define a structured response for excavation activities to verify the process and remediate features as required. By using likelihood classification the risk to pipeline integrity can be reduced by acting on the most likely SSWC features as a priority, whilst collecting the data needed to make informed decisions on where to focus resources and efforts on what is a very complicated and difficult to manage threat. The output form this work, including a future plan for managing the remaining metal loss features, can be documented in a procedure and incorporated into an existing Integrity Management Plan.

Pipeline Mechanical Damage Integrity Management Framework

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlado Semiga ◽  
Sanjay Tiku ◽  
Aaron Dinovitzer
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Integrity Management

With the resolution and capabilities of the latest generation multi-sensor in-line inspection tools, detection and sizing of mechanical damage (i.e. dents, metal loss, etc) and their interaction is becoming more prevalent. As a result, the number of features requiring consideration in terms of integrity assessment is ever increasing. The following paper presents a mechanical damage integrity management framework, intended to allow the assessment of a large number of features to support maintenance planning decisions. The framework is centred around organizing and collecting features into groups that share similar integrity driving parameters. An example demonstration of the framework is also presented using the results of a single ILI run on a small diameter pipeline. The example assessment focuses on shallow dents interacting with metal loss features where the metal loss features are treated as localized, gouge-like features.

Participatory Mapping in Browns Canyon National Monument, Colorado (USA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
John Harner ◽  
Lee Cerveny ◽  
Rebecca Gronewold
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Bureau Of Land Management ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Us Forest Service ◽  
Natural Resource Managers

Natural resource managers need up-to-date information about how people interact with public lands and the meanings these places hold for use in planning and decision-making. This case study explains the use of public participatory Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate and analyze spatial patterns of the uses and values people hold for the Browns Canyon National Monument in Colorado. Participants drew on maps and answered questions at both live community meetings and online sessions to develop a series of maps showing detailed responses to different types of resource uses and landscape values. Results can be disaggregated by interaction types, different meaningful values, respondent characteristics, seasonality, or frequency of visit. The study was a test for the Bureau of Land Management and US Forest Service, who jointly manage the monument as they prepare their land management plan. If the information generated is as helpful throughout the entire planning process as initial responses seem, this protocol could become a component of the Bureau’s planning tool kit.

scholarly journals The Influence of Increased Salvage Felling on Forwarding Distance and the Removal—A Case Study from Croatia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Andreja Đuka ◽  
Zoran Bumber ◽  
Tomislav Poršinsky ◽  
Ivica Papa ◽  
Tibor Pentek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Infrastructure Network ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Research Period

During the seven-year research period, the average annual removal was by 3274 m3 higher than the average annual removal prescribed by the existing management plan (MP). The main reason lies in the high amount of salvage felling volume at 55,238 m3 (38.3%) in both the main and the intermediate felling due to oak dieback. The analysis of forest accessibility took into account the spatial distribution of cutblocks (with ongoing felling operations) and the volume of felled timber for two proposed factors: (1) the position of the cutblock and (2) the position of the removal. Cutblock position factor took into account the spatial position of the felling areas/sites, while removal position factor besides the spatial reference took into account the amount of felled timber (i.e., volume) both concerning forest infrastructure network and forest operations. The analysed relative forest openness by using geo-processing workflows in GIS environment showed four types of opening areas in the studied management unit (MU): single-opened, multiple-opened, unopened and opened areas outside of the management unit. Negative effects of the piece-volume law and low harvesting densities on forest operations are highlighted in this research due to high amount of salvage felling particularly in the intermediate felling by replacing timber volume that should have come from thinnings.

scholarly journals Modular Web Portal Approach for Stimulating Home Renovation: Lessons from Local Authority Developments

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Minyoung Kwon ◽  
Erwin Mlecnik
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Web Portals ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Neutral Information

Web portals have the potential to promote sustainable environmental ideas due to the capacity of digital media, such as easy accessibility, openness, and networking. Local authorities (LAs) are responsible for activating carbon savings in homes, and they are key actors when it comes to providing neutral information to their citizens. Local authority web portals may thus create environmental awareness, particularly regarding owner-occupied single-family home renovation. Nevertheless, the experiences of LAs developing web portals have rarely been studied. Therefore, this paper analyses the development process of various LA web modules and investigates how LAs foster modular web portals to stimulate the adoption of home renovation with parameters to assess LAs’ actions in terms of the management of web-modules development. A homeowner renovation journey model is applied to map current local authority developments. Case study research and interviews were done to analyse and evaluate the adoption of modular web portals developed and tested by six local authorities in four countries in Europe. Based on the development and use of the modular web portal, lessons have been derived emphasising the importance of co-creation, integrating with offline activities, and a strategic management plan.

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