3rd Party Review of Geometry Pig Inertial Survey Data at the Colville River HDD

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Hart ◽  
Nasir Zulfiqar ◽  
Tobias H. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Relative Movement ◽  
Position Accuracy ◽  
Bending Strain ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Colville River ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Geometry Pig

This paper describes a 3rd party review of geometry pig inertial surveys of the ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc.-operated Alpine 14-inch diameter oil and 12-inch diameter water pipelines at the horizontal directionally drilled (HDD) Colville River crossing. The geometry of these pipelines is periodically surveyed to monitor for potential thaw-induced differential settlement between thaw-stable and thaw-susceptible soils along the HDD profile under the river. Preliminary reviews of the elevation profiles from multiple surveys showed significant run-to-run variations within the HDD. However, considering the long distances between the reference elevation tie points, the observed elevation differences appeared to be within the position accuracy of the inertial survey specifications. As a follow up to the initial review, a more detailed 3rd party review of the data was performed. This paper describes how the elevation, pitch and bending strain data from four different inertial surveys performed for each pipeline over a five year period was processed to look for monotonic trends and/or locations of significant pipe deformation. It was determined that the bending strains for both pipelines were small compared to the allowable strains and that the most critical locations for both pipelines occurred in the vicinity of the end of the below grade casing and the adjacent aboveground pipe support. At each end of the HDD, the pig data signatures indicate the presence of a sagbend curvature lobe at/near the end of the casing and an overbend curvature lobe at/near the adjacent pipe support which is clearly indicative of relative movement between the below grade section of the pipe and the pipe support. The response at the pipe support was confirmed by visual inspection of the pipe where minor buckling damage to the external sheet metal insulation jacket at the ends of the saddle was observed. The results from this review were used to develop a recommended forward-looking geometry monitoring schedule.

scholarly journals Smartphone-Enhanced Training, QA, Monitoring, and Evaluation of a Platform for Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges to Implementation in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
pp. 1114-1123
Author(s):  
Karen Yeates ◽  
Erica Erwin ◽  
Zac Mtema ◽  
Frank Magoti ◽  
Simoni Nkumbugwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Supportive Supervision ◽  
Health Providers

PURPOSE Until human papillomavirus (HPV)–based cervical screening is more affordable and widely available, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is recommended by the WHO for screening in lower-resource settings. Visual inspection will still be required to assess the cervix for women whose screening is positive for high-risk HPV. However, the quality of VIA can vary widely, and it is difficult to maintain a well-trained cadre of providers. We developed a smartphone-enhanced VIA platform (SEVIA) for real-time secure sharing of cervical images for remote supportive supervision, data monitoring, and evaluation. METHODS We assessed programmatic outcomes so that findings could be translated into routine care in the Tanzania National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program. We compared VIA positivity rates (for HIV-positive and HIV-negative women) before and after implementation. We collected demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and loss-to-follow-up data. RESULTS From July 2016 to June 2017, 10,545 women were screened using SEVIA at 24 health facilities across 5 regions of Tanzania. In the first 6 months of implementation, screening quality increased significantly from the baseline rate in the prior year, with a well-trained cadre of more than 50 health providers who “graduated” from the supportive-supervision training model. However, losses to follow-up for women referred for further evaluation or to a higher level of care were considerable. CONCLUSION The SEVIA platform is a feasible, quality improvement, mobile health intervention that can be integrated into a national cervical screening program. Our model demonstrates potential for scalability. As HPV screening becomes more affordable, the platform can be used for visual assessment of the cervix to determine amenability for same-day ablative therapy and/or as a secondary triage step, if needed.

scholarly journals Modeling and Calculation of Dent Based on Pipeline Bending Strain

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingshan Feng ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Mapping Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Bending Strain ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Mean

The bending strain of long-distance oil and gas pipelines can be calculated by the in-line inspection tool which used inertial measurement unit (IMU). The bending strain is used to evaluate the strain and displacement of the pipeline. During the bending strain inspection, the dent existing in the pipeline can affect the bending strain data as well. This paper presents a novel method to model and calculate the pipeline dent based on the bending strain. The technique takes inertial mapping data from in-line inspection and calculates depth of dent in the pipeline using Bayesian statistical theory and neural network. To verify accuracy of the proposed method, an in-line inspection tool is used to inspect pipeline to gather data. The calculation of dent shows the method is accurate for the dent, and the mean relative error is 2.44%. The new method provides not only strain of the pipeline dent but also the depth of dent. It is more benefit for integrity management of pipeline for the safety of the pipeline.

scholarly journals Stressing State Analysis on a Single Tube CFST Arch Under Spatial Loads

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5039
Author(s):  
Kangkang Yang ◽  
Jian Yuan ◽  
Jun Shi ◽  
Kaikai Zheng ◽  
Jiyang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy Density ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Arch Model ◽  
Average Strain ◽  
Bending Strain ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Arch Structures ◽  
Behavior Characteristics

This paper analyzes the stressing state characteristics of a concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch model under spatial loads, using the method of modeling structural stressing state and the thin plate simulating interpolation (TSI) method. Firstly, the parameter-generalized strain energy density (GSED) is applied to model the stressing state of the arch. Then, the normalized GSED sum at each load plots the characteristic curve. The characteristic loads P (66 kN) and Q (85 kN) in the curve are distinguished by the Mann–Kendall (M–K) criterion. To characterize structural axial and bending stressing states, the parameters of the sectional average strain and generalized bending strain are proposed as stressing state submodes. Finally, the TSI method is used to interpolate strain data for deep analysis of internal forces. By modeling the structural stressing state, the working behavior characteristics of arch structures are greatly revealed in a particular view and the results could provide a reference for the development of bridge design.

Reliability, feasibility and satisfaction of telemedicine evaluations for cervical dystonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 560-567
Author(s):  
Avram Fraint ◽  
Glenn T. Stebbins ◽  
Gian Pal ◽  
Cynthia L. Comella
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Spasmodic Torticollis ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Neurologic Diseases

Introduction Telemedicine is used successfully for evaluating patients with neurologic diseases, but has not been tested in cervical dystonia (CD). CD is uniquely suited for telemedicine as the scales validated to assess its severity rely only on visual inspection. The study sought to determine reliability, feasibility and satisfaction of telemedicine visits for evaluating CD. Methods Patients 18 years and older with a diagnosis of CD and scheduled for botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections were recruited, with a total of 46 enrolled. Dystonia severity was evaluated using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) motor severity subscale. Three total evaluations took place: an initial telemedicine evaluation on the day prior to a scheduled BoNT injection; an in-person evaluation in clinic immediately before injections; and a follow-up telemedicine visit 4–6 weeks after injection with subsequent completion, by both participants and the clinician, of satisfaction questionnaires. Agreement between telemedicine and in-person TWSTRS data was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and kappa statistics where appropriate. Feasibility was determined by the percent of patients completing all three visits, and satisfaction with telemedicine visits was determined based on answers to satisfaction questionnaires. Results There was excellent agreement between visit types for the TWSTRS motor severity summary score (κ = 0.890; 95th CI 0.713; 0.949). Only two individual TWSTRS items failed to meet the threshold for moderate agreement. Feasibility and satisfaction were high. Discussion Telemedicine is reliable and feasible in the evaluation of CD. Some CD patients would prefer telemedicine visits. Participants and the clinician were satisfied with telemedicine visits.

Negligible Therapeutic Impact, False-positives, Overdiagnosis and Lead-time Are the Reasons Why Radiographs Bring More Harm Than Benefits in the Caries Diagnosis of Preschool Children: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Regina Antunes Pontes ◽  
Juan Sebastian Lara ◽  
Tatiane Fernandes Novaes ◽  
Julia Gomes Freitas ◽  
Thais Gimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Deciduous Molars

Abstract Background: To evaluate the clinical course and interventions required during two years of follow-up of dental surfaces of deciduous molars diagnosed, and consequently treated, by two different strategies: diagnosis made by clinical examination alone or associated with radiographs.Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a two-arm randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups related to the diagnostic strategy for caries detection in preschool children. 216 children (3 to 6 years old) were followed-up for two years. All dental surfaces were diagnosed by visual inspection and later, through radiographic assessment. Baseline treatment was made in accordance with the results obtained by visual inspection performed alone or combined with radiographic method, considering the allocated group. Dental surfaces with no restoration needs, or those restored at the beginning of the study were followed-up for two years. The treatment decision was made according to the allocated group. The outcome was the occurrence of failure (a new caries lesion or a restoration replacement) during the follow-up. Results: 4,383 proximal and occlusal surfaces of deciduous molars in 216 preschool children were diagnosed and treated according to the abovementioned diagnostic strategies and followed-up for 24 months. The assessment of radiographs made change the initial decision reached by visual inspection in about 30% of the surfaces when all types of interventions were considered. However, most disagreements occurred for initial lesions, where radiographs tended to underestimate them. Discordances between methods occurred in less than 5% of all surfaces when considered lesions requiring operative treatment. For discrepancy cases, the placed interventions guided by following the radiographic results did not present less failures against those made following only visual inspection. As a matter of fact, the use of radiographs in the diagnostic strategy for caries detection in children brought more harms than benefits due to the occurrence of false-positives, overdiagnosis and lead-time bias.Conclusions: Simultaneous association of visual inspection and radiographic assessment for caries detection in preschool children causes more harms than benefits, and therefore, visual inspection should be conducted alone in the regular clinical practice.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov platform: NCT02078453, registered on 5th March 2014

Contact Burns of the Hand

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Richard Shugerman ◽  
Fred Rivara ◽  
Ruth Ann Parish ◽  
David Heimbach
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Major Burn ◽  
Acute Wound ◽  
Inpatient Basis ◽  
Burn Patient

Contact burns of the hand in children present difficult management questions. Because visual inspection of the acute wound often fails to distinguish major burns requiring inpatient treatment from minor burns amenable to outpatient therapy, we sought to identify characteristics of patients that would aid in decision making at the time the burn patient is seen. During the 5-year period, 1980 to 1984, 32 children less than 14 years of age were admitted to our medical center with contact burns of the hand. Patients were divided into two groups: those with major burns requiring ≥ seven days of hospitalization (n = 16) and those with minor burns requiring < seven days of hospitalization (n = 16). Compared with patients in the minor burn group, patients in the major burn group were hospitalized longer (16.9 ν 2.8 days), were more likely to require surgical excision and grafting (63% ν 0%), and had more extensive follow-up (5.3 ν 2.5 visits). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to percentage of area burned, age, sex, primary admission ν referral, and cause of burn. These data support the recommendation that all such burns be managed initially on an inpatient basis.

Use of Selected Reinforcers to Improve the Ball Kicking of Youths with Profound Mental Retardation

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Silliman ◽  
Ron French
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Verbal Praise ◽  
Accuracy Comparison ◽  
Physical Recreation ◽  
Profound Mental Retardation ◽  
Soccer Kick

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of preferred verbal praise and music reinforcement on improving the soccer kick performances of youths with profound mental retardation (PMR). Subjects (N = 15) were randomly assigned to three groups. Based on visual inspection and the split-middle technique, all three groups (i.e., control, verbal praise, and music reinforcer) improved performances in their kicking accuracy. Comparison of graphed mean data of the three groups, by visual inspection and the split-middle technique, showed that the verbal praise and music reinforcement groups had higher scores than the control group. Visual inspection of 2-week follow-up data revealed that both experimental groups maintained higher scores than the control group. In addition, all of the subjects had the ability to generalize this kicking skill into a physical recreation environment.

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