Enhanced Valve Placement Decision Making Approach for Liquid Transmission Pipelines That Utilizes Risk Reduction Techniques

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Weir ◽  
Yanping Li
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Placement Decision ◽  
Valve Placement ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

The Intelligent Valve Placement (IVP) approach that considers risk (defined as likelihood × consequence) reduction techniques to identify optimum locations for sectionalizing (block valves) for new liquid transmission pipelines has been enhanced to straightforwardly optimize valve placements based on the effectiveness and potential volume out reduction of valves. Valve effectiveness is a measure that quantifies the effectiveness of a valve in reducing volume out for pipe sections that can affect one or more identified sensitive areas. The valve effectiveness calculation does not adequately consider those situations where there is significant volume out reduction potential with few or no sensitive areas present, thus the potential volume out reduction for a given valve must also be considered. The enhanced IVP approach incorporates risk reduction by reducing consequence. This is achieved through potential reduction of impacts to sensitive areas and potential volume out reduction for pipeline ruptures. A method of establishing a decision making threshold for both the valve effectiveness and potential volume out calculations has been incorporated into the approach. The valve placement effectiveness and volume out calculations are applied in an iterative manner that facilitates quick and simplified interpretation and identification of optimum valve placement. The IVP approach meets and exceeds the requirements set forth in both the National Energy Board’s On-shore Pipeline Regulations and the U.S. Department of Transport’s Emergency Flow Restricting Device expectations set out in its HCA Rulemaking. This paper outlines the approach used to augment decision making within the enhanced IVP process and presents its application to new pipeline development. Limitations to the approach are also addressed.

Valve Placement and Operation for Liquid Transmission Pipelines: A Risk Reduction Tool

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Weir ◽  
Vienna W. Kwan ◽  
Barry F. Power
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Valve Placement ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

The Intelligent Valve Placement (IVP) approach has been developed to incorporate risk (defined as likelihood × consequence) reduction techniques to identify optimum locations for sectionalizing (block) valves along existing or new petroleum transmission pipelines. This process aims to optimize valve placement based on risk reduction rather than current rule-of-thumbs and regulatory requirements. It may result in cost reduction and cost optimization through efficient valve placement while meeting required regulations. This approach incorporates risk through reduction of consequence, which is achieved by reducing the potential spill volumes and impact to sensitive areas in an iterative manner. With the use of consequence reduction strategies, this paper demonstrates that valve placement and operability decisions on both new or existing pipelines can be made to optimize the location of valves and provide for a safer pipeline. Although this process is highly consequence driven, there are opportunities to incorporate likelihood drivers. Equations have been developed that quantify consequence reduction and allow for determination of an optimal valve placement design. Application of this technique to pipelines in the United States is presented and the limitations of this method addressed. Although this technique is valid anywhere, this approach is in line with the requirement from the U.S. Department of Transportation to examine the placement of emergency flow restricting devices as per the High Consequence Area ruling and the requirements set forth by the Canadian Standards Association regarding remote operation of valves in Canada consistent with “extraordinary hazard” determinations.

scholarly journals Methodology of the U.S. Army’s Suicide Prevention Leadership Tool Study: The Behavioral Health Readiness and Suicide Risk Reduction Review (R4)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M Curley ◽  
Farifteh F Duffy ◽  
Paul Y Kim ◽  
Kristina M Clarke-Walper ◽  
Katie L Nugent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Walter Reed Army Institute ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Introduction The Secretary of the U.S. Army issued two directives in late 2017 to directly combat the problem of suicide in the U.S. Army. The first was to develop an Army tool to assist commanders and first-line leaders in preventing suicide and improving behavioral health (BH) outcomes, which has been previously published as the BH Readiness and Risk Reduction Review (R4). The second was to conduct an evaluation study of the tool with Army units in the field. This study is the first to empirically examine the Army’s tool-based methods for identifying and caring for the health and welfare of soldiers at risk for suicide, and this article outlines the methodology employed to study the effectiveness of the R4 tools and accomplish the Secretary’s second directive. Methods The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Institutional Review Board approved the R4 study. The study employed a repeated measurements in pre/post quasi-experimental design, including a nonequivalent but comparable business-as-usual control group. The R4 intervention consisted of the R4 tools, accompanying instructions, and an orientation. Samples were drawn from two geographically separated U.S. Army divisions in the continental United States, each composed of four comparable brigades. Study implementation consisted of three phases and three data collections over the course of 12 months. Soldiers completed anonymous survey instruments to assess a range of health factors, behaviors, characteristics, tool-related decision-making processes, and the frequency, type, and quality of interactions between soldiers and leaders. Results The R4 study commenced on May 6, 2019, and concluded on June 4, 2020. Sample size goals were achieved for both the divisions at all three data collection time points. Conclusions The methodology of the R4 study is critical for the U.S. Army from both a precedential and an outcome-based standpoint. Despite the use of many previous tools and programs for suicide prevention, this is the first time the Army has been able to empirically test the effectiveness of tool-supported decision-making among Army units in a rigorous fashion. The methodology of such a test is a critical marker for future interventional inquiries on the subject of suicide in the Army, and the results will allow for more informed decision-making by leaders when approaching these ongoing challenges.

An Integrated Outflow-Spill Modeling Approach for Risk-Based Valve Placement of Liquid Transmission Pipelines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuntao Deng ◽  
Patricia Zuczek ◽  
Keith Adams ◽  
Jim Mihell
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Check Valve ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
Valve Placement ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Weir et al’s work [1] applied the relative effectiveness of outflow reduction to address the Intelligent Block Valve Placement (IVP) for liquid transmission pipelines. In their work, the effectiveness measure for each potential valve placement location is a length-weighted sum of the calculated volume reduction at all points along the pipeline in which the outflow volumes are multiplied by weighting factors that reflect the relative importance of spills in different sensitive areas; In our work, the original approach was enhanced to more quantitatively reflect both the likelihood of line failure and the full consequences of line failure as impacted by additional valve placement considering both block and check valves. This paper presents an IVP approach integrated with a quantitative risk assessment through which block and/or check valve placement schemes are optimized. The process involves a computer analysis in which block and check valves are iteratively selected and placed for each case. The risk reduction associated with each case is determined as the product of failure likelihood and the weighted average cost reduction. Failure likelihood is typically quantified using reliability methods or industry failure statistics, and is not the focus of this paper. The cost reduction focuses on environmental factors, which are represented by the clean-up cost of a spill that impacts both sensitive and non-sensitive areas for each incidence. In modeling consequence, the reduction of outflow potential is quantified by an in-house outflow simulation tool; and the potential spill impact is assessed through a mechanistic in-house VBA extension of ArcGIS, a three-dimensional (3-D) overland-hydrographical spill simulation package. Optimal valve placement design is achieved by balancing the costs associated with environmental risk with the costs associated with installing and maintaining block and check valves. The valves included in the assessment for outflow simulation and cost analysis are check valves and block valves. The automatic valve placement simulation is terminated when the valve installation/maintenance cost outweighs the benefits of placing more valves in the line.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of Research Data Governance in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-142
Author(s):  
Inna Kouper ◽  
Anjanette H Raymond ◽  
Stacey Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Knowledge Commons ◽  
Multiple Voices ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The U.S

AbstractMaking decisions regarding data and the overall credibility of research constitutes research data governance. In this paper, we present results of an exploratory study of the stakeholders of research data governance. The study was conducted among individuals who work in academic and research institutions in the US, with the goal of understanding what entities are perceived as making decisions regarding data and who researchers believe should be responsible for governing research data. Our results show that there is considerable diversity and complexity across stakeholders, both in terms of who they are and their ideas about data governance. To account for this diversity, we propose to frame research data governance in the context of polycentric governance of a knowledge commons. We argue that approaching research data from the commons perspective will allow for a governance framework that can balance the goals of science and society, allow us to shift the discussion toward protection from enclosure and knowledge resilience, and help to ensure that multiple voices are included in all levels of decision-making.

Role of the Breast Clinical Nurse Specialist in bilateral risk reduction mastectomy decision–making

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. S9-S10
Author(s):  
Charlotte Weston ◽  
Sarah Adomah ◽  
Vanda Ribeiro ◽  
Karen Thomas ◽  
Nichola Snuggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Clinical Nurse Specialist ◽  
Nurse Specialist ◽  
Clinical Nurse

Special education faculty decision-making regarding designing and delivering family-professional partnership content and skills in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 103419
Author(s):  
Grace L. Francis ◽  
Amy Kilpatrick ◽  
Shana J. Haines ◽  
Tracy Gershwin ◽  
Kathleen B. Kyzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Education Faculty ◽  
The U.S

Collegial Courts: Panel Decision-Making and the U.S. Courts of Appeals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela C. Corley ◽  
Wendy L. Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Appellate Court ◽  
Courts Of Appeals ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Appeals Process ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The U.S

The three-judge panel mechanism by which the courts of appeals process almost all (though not quite all) of their cases affords scholars unique opportunities to explore how appellate court decision-making may transcend being merely the sum of its parts. Specifically, court of appeals judges pursue their decision-making responsibilities as part of a collegial group, and thus it is important to understand how being a member of a multimember court influences their behavior.

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