Field Experience With On-Line Monitoring of Biofilm Activity

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Licina
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
On Line

Piping reliability is critical to oil production, oil sands processing, refineries, power plants, pulp and paper mills, and various other industries. Corrosion, including Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC), is a primary degradation mechanism in pipelines. MIC of pipeline materials has been shown to occur in virtually all water systems and has caused expensive unplanned outages, the need for local repairs, and, in some cases, complete system replacement. The control of biofilm on surfaces is the most effective tool for mitigating MIC. Effective monitoring for biofilms also helps to avoid the overuse of oxidizing biocides. Biocide overdosing will increase corrosion and can produce catastrophic corrosion effects. Optimized treatments require accurate, on-line monitoring of biofilm activity. Plant experience with an electrochemical biofilm sensor with integrated data acquisition and data analysis capabilities for monitoring biofilm activity on metallic surfaces and the use of that tool for optimizing biocide additions in a variety of environments is described.

Wastewater Characteristics

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils-Erik Virkola ◽  
Kristiina Honkanen
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Pollution Loads

Forceful measures have been taken in the past decade to reduce the pollution loads of pulp and paper mills. Besides more effective external waste water treatment, internal arrangements have been made to reduce pollution loads, e.g. by closing water systems. New processes and technically improved machines and equipment have made it possible to utilize raw materials and chemicals more efficiently. This has also reduced the pollution loads of the mills. In the 1970s, pollution loads were restricted by environmental laws and regulations in many countries, and the restrictions will become tighter during the 1980s. This will require much research and development. In this paper, characteristics of effluents (BOD, suspended solids, colour, TOC, COD, toxicity) discharged from chemical and mechanical pulping processes and from paper and board mills are presented in general terms and by mill department. Process developments and effects of these developments on pollution loads are described and future trends are discussed.

Determination of soluble anions and cations from waters of pulp and paper mills with on-line coupled capillary electrophoresis

2000 ◽  
Vol 895 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Sirén ◽  
Raimo Kokkonen ◽  
Tarja Hiissa ◽  
Timo Särme ◽  
Olli Rimpinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
On Line ◽  
Anions And Cations

Comparison of the forest fertilizer properties of ash fractions from two power plants of pulp and paper mills incinerating biomass-based fuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Nurmesniemi ◽  
Mikko Mäkelä ◽  
Risto Pöykiö ◽  
Kati Manskinen ◽  
Olli Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills

Photo-catalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants in paper mills of southern China

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tong ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Xiaoquan Chen ◽  
Wenhao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics

Studies were undertaken to evaluate gaseous pollutants in workplace air within pulp and paper mills and to consider the effectiveness of photo-catalytic treatment of this air. Ambient air at 30 sampling sites in five pulp and paper mills of southern China were sampled and analyzed. The results revealed that formaldehyde and various benzene-based molecules were the main gaseous pollutants at these five mills. A photo-catalytic reactor system with titanium dioxide (TiO2) was developed and evaluated for degradation of formaldehyde, benzene and their mixtures. The experimental results demonstrated that both formaldehyde and benzene in their pure forms could be completely photo-catalytic degraded, though the degradation of benzene was much more difficult than that for formaldehyde. Study of the photo-catalytic degradation kinetics revealed that the degradation rate of formaldehyde increased with initial concentration fitting a first-order kinetics reaction. In contrast, the degradation rate of benzene had no relationship with initial concentration and degradation did not conform to first-order kinetics. The photo-catalytic degradation of formaldehyde-benzene mixtures indicated that formaldehyde behaved differently than when treated in its pure form. The degradation time was two times longer and the kinetics did not reflect a first-order reaction. The degradation of benzene was similar in both pure form and when mixed with formaldehyde.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PULP AND PAPER MILLS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Gavrilescu ◽  
Adrian Catalin Puitel ◽  
Gheorghe Dutuc ◽  
Grigore Craciun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills

Water Pollution Abatement in Small Paper Mills in India

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Panneerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Recovery System

In order to reduce the demand for the forest based raw materials by the organised industrial sectors like the large integrated pulp and paper mills, the Government of India started promoting several small-scale pulp and paper mills based on non-wood agricultural residue raw materials. However promotion of these small mills has created another environmental problem i.e. severe water pollution due to non-recovery of chemicals. Because of the typical characteristics like high silica content etc. of the black liquor produced and the subsequent high capital investment needed for a recovery system, it is not economically feasible for the small Indian mills to recover the chemicals. While the quantity of wastewater generated per tonne of paper produced by a small mill is same as from a large integrated pulp and paper mill with a chemical recovery system, their BOD load is four times higher, due to non recovery of chemicals. However the existing wastewater disposal standards are uniform for large and small mills for e.g. 30 mg BOD/l. To meet these standards, the small mills have to install a capital intensive wastewater treatment plant with heavy recurring operating costs. Therefore the feasible alternative is to implement various pollution abatement measures, with the objective of not only reducing the fibre/chemical loss but also to reduce the investment and operating costs of the final wastewater treatment system. To illustrate this approach, a case study on water pollution abatement and control in a 10 TPD mill, will be discussed.

Biotreatability test of bleach wastewaters from pulp and paper mills

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
T. H. Mize ◽  
F. M. Saunders ◽  
S. A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenation ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Adsorbable Organic Halide

Research is focused on an integrated way to simultaneously optimize the bleaching operations and subsequent wastewater treatment for pulp and paper mills. Bleach wastewaters from ClO2-bleached pulping studies at Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) were used as the feed for batch reactors to test and rank the treatability and kinetics. The key aspect of the system is the use of sequential anaerobic/aerobic phases to enhance reductive dehalogenation of chloro-organic materials. Two continuous reactor systems, one operated in an anaerobic-aerobic mode and a second in an aerobic-aerobic mode, received bleaching wastewater obtained from a full-scale plant. Acclimated cultures from both continuous reactors were used to quantify the AOX (Adsorbable Organic Halide) and COD removal from various bleaching wastewaters. In general, the sequential anaerobic/aerobic treatment of bleach wastewater can improve both biotreatability and degradation rates.

Purification of Eucalyptus globulus water prehydrolyzates using the HiTAC process (high-temperature adsorption on activated charcoal)

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sabrina Gütsch ◽  
Herbert Sixta
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Charcoal Adsorption ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract The implementation of biorefinery concepts into existing pulp and paper mills is a key step for a sustainable utilization of the natural resource wood. Water prehydrolysis of wood is an interesting process for the recovery of xylo-oligosaccharides and derivatives thereof, while at the same time cellulose is preserved to a large extent for subsequent dissolving pulp production. The recovery of value-added products out of autohydrolyzates is frequently hindered by extensive lignin precipitation, especially at high temperatures. In this study, a new high-temperature adsorption process (HiTAC process) was developed, where lignin is removed directly after the autohydrolysis, which enables further processing of the autohydrolyzates. The suitability of activated charcoals as a selective adsorbent for lignin under process-relevant conditions (150 and 170°C) has not been considered up to now, because former experiments showed decreasing efficiency of charcoal adsorption of lignin with increasing temperature in the range 20–80°C. In contrast to these results, we demonstrated that the adsorption of lignin at 170°C directly after autohydrolysis is even more efficient than after cooling the hydrolyzate to room temperature. The formation of lignin precipitation and incrustations can thus be efficiently prevented by the HiTAC process. The carbohydrates in the autohydrolysis liquor remain unaffected over a wide charcoal concentration range and can be further processed to yield valuable products.

scholarly journals On-line monitoring of cationic starch gelatinization and retrogradation by 1H NMR-relaxometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Raunio ◽  
Ekaterina Nikolskaya ◽  
Yrjö Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Starch Gelatinization ◽  
Nmr Relaxometry ◽  
On Line ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract The gelatinization of cationic starch during a heating-holding-cooling cycle in a batch cook was monitored by measuring 1H NMR spin-spin relaxation rates R2 on-line. The effect of storage time and temperature (8, 20 and 60 °C) on cationic starch retrogradation was also studied. Clear differences were measured between the gelatinization and retrogradation behavior of potato starch and cereal starches (wheat and barley). The potato starch gelatinized completely when cooked at 95 °C at normal pressure, whereas cereal starches gelatinized only partially. Partial gelatinization lead to rapid retrogradation upon cooling. For fully gelatinized starch, the beginning of retrogradation was slower and began at a lower temperature. NaCl and Na2SO4 did not have a significant impact on the gelatinization of wheat starch but did affect retrogradation. The results show that NMR-relaxometry is suitable for following starch gelatinization on-line from a batch cook and that it can be used to determine whether gelatinization is complete. This technique can thus be a useful tool in paper mills for the on-line quality control of starch solutions.

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