Using Testing Methods to Evaluate Pipeline Mechanical Integrity

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Mechanical Integrity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Girth Welds

Evaluating the mechanical integrity of pipelines involves a variety of tools and skill sets. Over the past several years there has been an increased interest in assessing the performance of vintage pipeline systems and specifically evaluating the effects of existing defects on future performance. Examples of defects include girth and seam welds, corrosion, dents, and wrinkle bends. While lessons learned from prior experience and analysis are critical, the role of testing in the evaluation process is receiving focused attention. This paper includes detailed discussions on how testing has been used over the past decade to help pipeline companies assess the integrity of their pipeline systems. Specific emphasis is placed on helping the reader better understand what testing techniques are most appropriate and determining how to interpret and correlate the results into useful information for operating safe pipelines. Case studies are presented that include studies on seam welds subject to cyclic pressures, wrinkle bends, girth welds, and corrosion in dents. A well-designed test program can be used to validate numerical modeling efforts and provide engineers with insights regarding in situ behavior of pipeline systems.

In situobservation of morphological changes of γ′ precipitates in a pre-deformed single-crystal Ni-base superalloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Strunz ◽  
Gerhard Schumacher ◽  
Hellmuth Klingelhöffer ◽  
Albrecht Wiedenmann ◽  
Jan Šaroun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Load ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subsequent Heating ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Base Superalloy

Exposure of a superalloy to an external load results in anisotropic coarsening of the γ′ precipitates, so-called rafting. It was reported in the past that γ′ rafting can also occur as a result of purely thermal treatment, without the simultaneous presence of an external load, if the specimen has been pre-deformed at relatively low temperature. The evolution of γ′ morphology in pre-deformed specimens of SCA425 Ni-base superalloy was examined in the present study. Unlike in the previous experiments, the compressive stress was used for pre-straining.In situsmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed, which enabled the determination of the morphology directly at high temperature. Both for strong and for weak pre-straining, rounding of the originally cuboidal precipitates towards an ellipsoidal shape on heating was observed. Weak pre-straining (0.1, 0.5%) does not cause rafting on subsequent heating. On the other hand, the detailed evaluation of SANS data provides some indication of rafting during the subsequent heating after severe compressive pre-straining (2%). The experiment indicates the role of dislocation rearrangement at the matrix/precipitate interface during pre-straining.

scholarly journals Book Review: The Role of the Electronic Resources Librarian

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Jennifer Murray
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Electronic Resource ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends

The eight chapters covered in this text give a detailed history about how the role of electronic resource (e-resource) librarians (ERLs) has evolved over the past several decades as libraries have shifted to an online environment. It covers the challenges faced from 1992 when the ERL title was first used, to 2019 where academic libraries are still a hybrid of print and electronic materials. The book is organized into eight chapters with three appendixes. The introduction gives a brief overview on the development of ERLs and a clear synopsis of chapters, which are a nice progression of how the ERL position has developed since the 1990s; how it has been represented in organizational structures across academic libraries; how it has handled a variety of obstacles (technology, expanding skill sets, budget constraints, etc.); and how it maps to current trends in managing e-resources.

Progress in ultrastructural and molecular analysis of the nuclear matrix

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Edward G. Fey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nuclear Matrix ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Rna Transcription ◽  
Nuclear Matrix Proteins ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Function

In the past few years, considerable advances have been made regarding the structure and function of the nuclear matrix. In the first half of this presentation, the field of nuclear matrix research will be summarized. Emphasis will be placed on those studies where molecular interactions are demonstrated in situ utilizing high resolution light and/or electron microscopy. Studies demonstrating the role of the nuclear matrix in DNA synthesis and replication, RNA transcription and processing, and the binding of matrix attachment regions to specific nuclear matrix proteins will be summarized.

Remembering Inflation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Granville
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Natural Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis ◽  
Developed Nations

Today's global economy, with most developed nations experiencing very low inflation, seems a world apart from the “Great Inflation” that spanned the late 1960s to early 1980s. Yet, this book makes the case that monetary economists and policymakers need to keep the lessons learned during that period very much in mind, lest we return to them by making the same mistakes we made in the past. The book details the advances in macroeconomic thinking that gave rise to the “Great Moderation”—a period of stable inflation and economic growth, which lasted from the mid-1980s through the most recent financial crisis. The book makes the case that the central banks' management of monetary policy—hinging on expectations and credibility—brought about this period of stability, and traces the roots of this success back to the eighteenth-century foundations of modern monetary thought. Tackling fundamental questions such as the causes of inflation and its relation to unemployment and growth, the natural rate of inflation hypothesis, the fiscal theory of the price level, and the proper goals of central banks, the book aims above all to demonstrate the dangers of forgetting the role of credibility in establishing sound monetary policy. With the lessons of the past firmly in mind, the book presents stimulating ideas and proposals about inflation-targeting principles, which provide tools for present-day monetary authorities dealing with the forces of globalization, mercantilism, and reserve accumulation.

The Role of the External and Internal Reinforcing on the Structural Integrity of Industrial and Transporting Steel Pipelines

2010 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
János Lukács ◽  
Gyula Nagy ◽  
Imre Török
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Girth Welds

The lifetime management of different engineering structures and structural elements is one of the important technical-economic problems nowadays. On the one hand, the aim of our research work is to develop an integrity management plan for pipelines and pipeline systems, and afterwards a Pipeline Integrity Management System. Material databases play important role both on the integrity management and on the engineering critical assessment of the pipeline systems. On the other hand, the aim of our research work is to establish the Pipeline Integrity Management System with different data, frequently with experimental data. The direct purpose of the paper is to present the role of the external and internal reinforcing on the structural integrity of industrial and transporting steel pipelines, based on own examinations. External and internal reinforcement was developed using carbon fibre and glass fibre polymer matrix composites, respectively. Fatigue and burst tests were performed on pipeline sections containing natural and artificial metal loss defects, and girth welds including weld defects. Both unreinforced and reinforced pipeline sections were examined. The burst pressures belonging to the unreinforced and the reinforced pipelines, and belonging to the passed and not passed girth welds were compared.

scholarly journals The Role of Visual Inspection in the 21st Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judi E. See ◽  
Colin G. Drury ◽  
Ann Speed ◽  
Allison Williams ◽  
Negar Khalandi
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inspection Process

Visual inspection research has a long history spanning the 20th century and continuing to the present day. Current efforts in multiple venues demonstrate that visual inspection continues to have a vital role for many different types of tasks in the 21st century. The nature of this role spans the range from traditional human visual inspection to fully automated detection of defects. Consequently, today’s practitioners must not only successfully identify and apply lessons learned from the past, but also explore new areas of research in order to derive solutions for modern day issues such as those presented by introducing automation during inspection. A key lesson from past research indicates that the factors that can degrade performance will persist today, unless care is taken to design the inspection process appropriately.

The Role of Effective Collaboration in the Advancement of EMAT Inline Inspection Technology for Pipeline Integrity Management: A Case Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Sutherland ◽  
Stephan Tappert ◽  
Richard Kania ◽  
Karlheinz Kashammer ◽  
Jim Marr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Effective Collaboration ◽  
Major Pipeline

Over the past three years there has been increasing industry interest and profile regarding the role and pipeline integrity management potential of EMAT crack inspection technology in the Oil & Gas pipeline industry. This paper outlines the stages and results of the effective collaboration of a major pipeline operator and a service company to advance the true predictive performance of the EMATScan Gen III crack inspection technology. The paper will also summarize and provide examples of lessons-learned from this collaboration across all stages of EMAT based SCC integrity management program. The paper will similarly outline ongoing work in progress regarding the assessment of the ILI data relative to hydro-testing equivalency, detection of injurious defects and the related analysis and reporting improvements made over the past three years.

Patient Research Partners: Lessons Learned from OMERACT Applied to Dermatology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Jennifer Nergard-Martin ◽  
Jeffrey Collins ◽  
Alice Gottlieb ◽  
James A. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Patient Representatives

Across medicine, vocal, educated patients are collaborating with researchers to generate clinical trial outcome measures that matter to the patient yet remain scientifically sound. Medical literature refers to these people as “patient research partners,” “patient experts,” “patient representatives,” or “patient stakeholders.” Spearheaded by the rheumatology-based Outcome Measures in Rheumatology group, the medical community has learned the value of allowing patients to be involved actively in outcome measure creation. This paper discusses the history, education, utilization, recruitment, and expanding role of patient experts in dermatology. This information was collected through literature searches and the meetings of outcome measure groups such as Harmonizing Outcome Measures for Eczema, Acne Core Research Network, and International Dermatology Outcome Measures. It was found that over the past several years, patient experts have been helping develop dermatology outcome measures through these groups, leading to major trial design changes.

scholarly journals Radiotherapy of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Breast Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Krug ◽  
Rainer Souchon
Keyword(s):  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Breast Conserving Surgery ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
The Past

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a heterogeneous disease in both its biology and clinical course. In the past, recurrence rates after breast-conserving surgery have been as high as 30% after 10 years. The introduction of mammography screening and advances in imaging have led to an increase in the detection of DCIS. The focus of this review is on the role of radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment, including current developments in hypofractionation and boost delivery, and attempts to define low-risk subsets of DCIS for which the need for adjuvant radiation is repeatedly questioned.

In-Situ TEM study of the role of secondary grain boundary dislo-cations in grain boundary migration and atom source/sink action

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
S. E. Babcock ◽  
R. W. Balluffi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Special Property ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Grain Boundary Migration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Atom Source ◽  
Source Sink

Over the past several years, a wealth of experimental evidence concerning the structure of simple grain boundaries (GBs) in metals has accumulated which suggests that the GBD/SU description of GB structure is applicable, at least at some level, to GBs in general. According to this model, high-angle GBs contain intrinsic arrays of grain boundary dislocations (GBDs) possessing Burgers vectors (b) which are translation vectors of an appropriate DSC-lattice, arranged in a network which is consistent with Frank's formula.A special property of secondary GBDs (SGBDs), i.e., GBDs possessing bs which are not lattice vectors of either of the adjoining crystals, is that a step in the boundary plane is often associated with their core.

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