The Challenges of Wide Ranging Viscosity Fluids on Liquid Ultrasonic Flowmeters

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Novel Approaches

Wide ranging viscosities in ultrasonic flow measurement for liquids is a common pipeline scenario. With ever maturing oil fields and the growth in oilsands production, the trend appears to be towards the higher end viscosities and/or novel approaches towards reducing the viscosities for transportation such as heating. The variable viscosities of the fluids provide some unique challenges to ultrasonic flowmeters not only in terms of flow profile modeling, but also in acoustic signal propagation and application to elevated temperature fluids which likewise affect the accuracy or performance of the measurement. The flow profile interrogation techniques will be discussed with an emphasis on a distributed chord model together with the use of a waveguide technology that minimizes acoustic and fluid temperature effects. A combination of R&D, calibration and field testing data will both demonstrate these challenges as well as show the increased performance that results from the application of these approaches.

Estimating concrete strength using field testing data

2014 ◽  
pp. 524-529
Author(s):  
A Colombo ◽  
L Meneghetti ◽  
R Teixeira ◽  
T Bittencourt
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Testing Data

Mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced UHPC mixtures exposed to elevated temperature: Effects of exposure duration and fiber content

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsad Ahmad ◽  
Mehboob Rasul ◽  
Saheed Kolawole Adekunle ◽  
Salah U. Al-Dulaijan ◽  
Mohammed Maslehuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Fiber Reinforced

Cavitation in a high-speed aviation axial piston pump over a wide range of fluid temperatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 095765092110469
Author(s):  
Qun Chao ◽  
Zi Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Tao ◽  
Chengliang Liu ◽  
Jiang Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Pressure Pulsation ◽  
Piston Pump ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Axial Piston Pump ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Axial Piston

The axial piston pump in aerospace applications needs to operate over a wide range of fluid temperatures from −54°C to 135 °C. The fluid properties at such extreme temperatures will significantly affect the cavitation that is one of the major limiting factors for the efficiency and reliability of aviation axial piston pumps. However, it appears that very little of the existing literature studies the effects of extreme fluid temperatures on the pump cavitation. This paper aims to examine the temperature effects on the cavitation in an aviation axial piston pump. First, we develop a three-dimensional (3D) transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate the pump cavitation and validate it experimentally. Second, we use the validated CFD model to investigate the temperature effects on the pump cavitation by changing the fluid properties including viscosity, density, and bulk modulus. The numerical results show that low fluid temperature makes the aviation axial piston pump suffer serious cavitation due to high viscosity, leading to delivery flow breakdown, unacceptable pressure pulsation, and delayed pressure built up. In contrast, high fluid temperatures have minor effects on the cavitation although they increase the pressure pulsation and built-up time slightly.

Visco-Elastic FEM Stress Analysis of Bolted Flange Connections With PTFE-Blended Gaskets Under Elevated Temperature

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Sato ◽  
Shinya Kurokawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Sawa
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Bolt Preload ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Bolted Flange ◽  
Relationship Of

Bolted flange connections with gaskets have been used under high temperature and long-term conditions. Sometimes leakage accidents occur from the gasket interfaces due to the creep and relaxation phenomena. In the present paper, the changes of the gasket stress in bolted flange connections under high temperature conditions for a long-term are analyzed using FEM calculations taking into account the gasket temperature dependency. The gaskets used are PTFE-blended (V#GF300). It’s shown that the effect of the temperature on the stress-strain relationship of the gasket is substantial. The changes in the gasket stress of the connections for 12 months are analyzed using the FEM. The effects of nominal diameter of flanges, retightening and the fluid temperature (20 to 300 °C) on the change of gasket stress in the connections under elevated temperature are examined using the FEM calculations. It is found that the reduction in the gasket stress is over 40%. In addition, experiments to measure the axial bolt force were carried out. The calculated results are in a fairly good agreement with the experimental results. The results reveal that the long-term behavior of the bolted flange connections can be estimated in our study. Discussion is made on the effects of the bolt preload and retightening on the reduction of the gasket stress and the sealing performance.

Testing and Validation of Long Trains Under High Flow and Gradient Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abe Aronian ◽  
Kim Wachs ◽  
Michelle Jamieson ◽  
Karen Carriere ◽  
Edward W. Gaughan
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Distributed Power ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Train Length ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Operating Instructions ◽  
Work Done

The need to extend train lengths has been a primary business target of the railway industry, due to its obvious benefits. However, winter train operating conditions, excessive in-train slack action, deterioration of air brake signal propagation and the added stress on infrastructure and equipment has naturally kept the average train lengths at bay. The introduction of advanced equipment, new concepts and strategies have now enabled Canadian Pacific to change this mindset. Long Train make up is now very possible, taking into account the Distributed Power configuration. Making a very long train resemble a series of short trains coupled together, each with its own locomotives, synchronously connected to the Lead unit’s commands, makes such trains very safe and efficient. Extensive Field Testing and Train Simulation work done over the last two years at CP has shown that with the use of Multiple Remote Locomotive set-up, it is in fact very possible to safely contemplate extending the limits of today’s maximum allowed 60 CFM of total train air flow, into uncharted territory, possibly approaching a total of 90 CFM. CP has pursued to implement on a permanent basis, operating instructions that would permit Multiple Distributed Power trains to depart from a train brake test location with combined air flow of up to 90 CFM, provided the flow at each DP locomotive consist is not greater than 60 CFM and train length sections between locomotives are not exceeded. This paper investigates the operation of Distributed Power trains at higher levels of air flow and, through detail field testing and evaluation techniques, substantiates the validity of extending the safety limits of train leakage and gradient for such trains.

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