Collapse Performance of HTS (Helical Seam Two Step) Welded Line Pipe

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Martin Knoop ◽  
Johannes Groß-Weege ◽  
Ulrich Marewski
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Pipe Manufacturing

Line pipe intended for offshore applications has to be designed predominantly with regard to external pressure in order to avoid collapse. High resistance to external pressure is vitally important for the use of pipes in such applications. A test program has been carried out in order to verify the resistance of HTS (helical seam two step) welded line pipe against collapse. It was demonstrated that the two step pipe manufacturing process has a beneficial effect on collapse resistance. HTS pipes therefore shows a good collapse performance compared to the design equations given in relevant offshore standards. One aim of the work carried out was to quantify the influence of relevant parameters on the result of full-scale collapse test by finite element analysis. The actual collapse pressures and those predicted using currently available design equations are compared and verified for various boundary conditions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the major findings and with a brief outlook to future research issues.

Methods for Collapse Pressure Prediction of UOE Linepipe

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Liessem ◽  
Ulrich Marewski ◽  
Johannes Groß-Weege ◽  
Gerhard Knauf
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Collapse Pressure ◽  
Strain Behavior

Line pipe intended for deep water applications has to be designed predominantly with regard to external pressure in order to avoid plastic collapse. As a consequence of cold forming during UOE pipe manufacture and the subsequent application of anticorrosion coating, the characteristic stress strain behavior has to be taken into account for a reliable prediction of the collapse pressure. Verification of collapse resistance of large diameter pipes against external pressure requires adequate and reliable component testing using a sufficient number of pipe samples. These samples have to be subjected to test conditions, which closely simulate the situation in service. As the test results may depend significantly on its boundary conditions, the results needs to be thoroughly analysed and compared with existing prediction methods. It is for these reasons that such full-scale testing is time-consuming and costly. The work presented in this paper aims at clarifying and quantifying the effect of existing test boundary conditions on the results of collapse tests (collapse pressures). Correlations will be established between material properties found in laboratory tests and associated component behavior. In this context it had been necessary to develop an accurate and reproducible compression test method. The actual collapse pressures and those predicted using current available equations are compared and verified by Finite Element calculations. The paper concludes with a discussion of the major findings and with a brief outlook to future research issues.

Determination of the Collapse and Propagation Pressure of Ultra-Deepwater Pipelines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita G. Toscano ◽  
Chris M. Timms ◽  
Eduardo N. Dvorkin ◽  
Duane D. DeGeer
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Test Data ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Analysis Models

In the design of ultra-deepwater steel pipelines, it is important to be able to determine the pipe behaviour while subjected to external pressure and bending. In many cases, the ultra-deepwater lay process, where these high loads exist, governs the structural design of the pipeline. Much work has been performed in this area, and it is generally recognized that there is a lack of test data on full-scale samples of line pipe from which analyses can be accurately benchmarked. This paper presents the results of a nil-scale test program and finite element analyses performed on seamless steel line pipe samples intended for ultra-deepwater applications. The work involved obtaining full-scale test data and further enhancing existing finite element analysis models to accurately predict the collapse and post-collapse response of ultra-deepwater pipelines. The work and results represent a continuing effort aimed at understanding the behaviour of pipes subjected to external pressure and bending, accounting for the numerous variables influencing pipeline collapse, and predicting collapse and post-collapse behaviour with increasing confidence. The test program was performed at C-FER Technologies (C-FER), Canada, with the analyses undertaken by the Center for Industrial Research (CINI), Argentina. The results of this work have demonstrated very good agreement between the finite element predictions and the laboratory observations. This allows increased confidence in using the finite element models to predict collapse and post-collapse behaviour of pipelines subject to external pressure and bending.

Fitness for Service Assessments of Bulging and Out-of-Round Structures

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Carter ◽  
D. L. Marriott ◽  
M. J. Swindeman
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Structural Imperfection ◽  
Level 2

This paper examines techniques for the evaluation of two kinds of structural imperfection, namely bulging subject to internal pressure, and out-of-round imperfections subject to external pressure, with and without creep. Comparisons between comprehensive finite element analysis and API 579 Level 2 techniques are made. It is recommended that structural, as opposed to material, failures such as these should be assessed with a structural model that explicitly represents the defect.

scholarly journals Analysis for Wrinkling Behavior of Girth-Welded Line Pipe

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz T. Souza ◽  
David W. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
New Era ◽  
Analytical Tools

The paper presents results for finite element analysis of full-sized girth-welded specimens of line pipe and compares these results with the behavior exhibited by test specimens subjected to constant axial force, internal pressure and monotonically increasing curvatures. Recommendations for the ‘best’ type of analytical finite element model are given. Comparisons between the behavior predicted analytically and the observed behavior of the experimental test specimens are made. The mechanism of wrinkling is explained and the evolution of the deformed configurations for different wrinkling modes is examined. It is concluded that the analytical tools now available are sufficiently reliable to predict the behavior of pipe in a manner that was not previously possible and that this should create a new era for the design and assessment of pipelines if the technology is properly exploited by industry.

TurkStream Collapse Test Program

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Timms ◽  
Doug Swanek ◽  
Duane DeGeer ◽  
Arjen Meijer ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
The Impact

The TurkStream pipeline project is designed to transport approximately 32 billion cubic meters of natural gas annually from Russia to Turkey under the Black Sea, with more than 85% of the deep-water route being deeper than 2000 m. The offshore section is intended to consist of two parallel lines, each approximately 900 km long. The preliminary stages of the front end engineering design (pre-FEED) phase was managed by INTECSEA. To support the analyses and design of the deepest portions, a full scale collapse test program was performed by C-FER Technologies (C-FER). This collapse test program, which included 62 full-scale collapse and pressure+bend tests, 54 medium-scale ring collapse tests, and hundreds of small-scale tests, was primarily aimed at measuring, quantifying and documenting the increase in pipe strength and collapse resistance resulting from the thermal induction heat treatment effect (thermal ageing) that arises during the pipe coating process. Two grades of 32-inch (813 mm) outside diameter (OD) line-pipe, SAWL450 and SAWL485 with wall thicknesses of 39.0 mm or 37.4 mm, respectively, were supplied from various mills for testing. The collapse test program objectives were as follows: • Determine the collapse resistance of line pipes originating from various pipe mills; • Determine the pressure+bend performance of line pipes originating from various pipe mills; • Measure the effect of thermal ageing on material and collapse testing results, including the impact of multiple thermal cycles; and • Evaluate the results of medium-scale ring collapse tests as compared to full-scale tests. This paper presents selected results of this work, along with some comparisons to predictive equations.

Evaluation and Repair of Cracks on Statically Loaded Beams Using Piezoelectric Actuation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Goutam Roy ◽  
Brajesh Kumar Panigrahi ◽  
Goutam Pohit
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Ritz Method ◽  
Actuation Voltage ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuation ◽  
Cracked Beam ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Loading Patterns

In the present work, damage produced by a crack in a statically loaded beam is first evaluated. Subsequently, an attempt is made to repair the effect of the crack by attaching a piezoelectric patch to the beam as an actuator. Static analysis of PZT patched cracked beam along with rotational spring is performed using Ritz method. Subsequently, a finite element analysis is performed by using ABAQUS 6.12 to collate the analytical results. It is shown in the study that when PZT patch is subjected to external electric field, it yields a local reactive moment, which counters the crack effects. An equation is procured in order to compute the required actuation voltage for repairing of cracks. A parametric study is performed for various boundary conditions and loading patterns. It is distinctly noticed that the technique nullifies the discontinuity in slope curve which develops due to a crack.

Numerical Simulation of UOE Pipe Process and its Effect on Pipe Mechanical Behavior in Deep-Water Applications

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannoula Chatzopoulou ◽  
Spyros A. Karamanos ◽  
George E. Varelis
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Structural Instability ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Large Diameter Pipes ◽  
Pipe Manufacturing

Large-diameter thick-walled steel pipes during their installation in deep-water are subjected to a combination of loading in terms of external pressure, bending and axial tension, which may trigger structural instability due to excessive pipe ovalization with catastrophic effects. In the present study, the UOE pipe manufacturing process, commonly adopted for producing large-diameter pipes of significant thickness, is considered. The study examines the effect of UOE line pipe manufacturing process on the structural response and resistance of offshore pipes during the installation process using nonlinear finite element simulation tools.

Standardization of Flattening Procedure of Transverse to Pipe Axis Strap Tensile Samples

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rashid ◽  
S. Chen ◽  
L. E. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Spring Back ◽  
Pipe Axis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Tensile testing on large diameter line pipe is generally done using strap samples obtained in the transverse to pipe axis (TPA) orientation of a pipe. The strap samples are then flattened and machined prior to testing. Although the standardized tensile testing is well documented, the variability in the reported TPA tensile properties of the same material tested within a lab or at different labs has always been an issue. Recent work conducted at EVRAZ NA research lab has identified flattening as the main source of the variability in reported yield strength (YS) values for line pipe. The lack of a standard procedure for flattening TPA strap samples is a major obstacle to obtaining consistent results. Therefore, the main objective of this current study was to establish a standardized flattening procedure for TPA strap samples. Both finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental approaches were adopted. Various flattening methods and fixtures were studied. Extensive flattening experiments were conducted on TPA samples from different line pipe products. Results showed that the spring back after flattening in a TPA sample is different for pipes with different gauge and grades. It was established that consistent flattening can be achieved using appropriate fixtures for differerent ranges of tubular products defined by grade, diameter and gauges. Evaluation of the flattening fixture designs and experimental results are discussed in this paper.

Numerical Simulation of JCO Pipe Forming Process and its Effect on the External Pressure Capacity of the Pipe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannoula Chatzopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos Antoniou ◽  
Spyros A. Karamanos
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Structural Instability ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Structural Capacity ◽  
Large Diameter Pipes ◽  
Pipe Manufacturing

Large-diameter thick-walled steel pipes during their installation in deep-water are subjected to external pressure, which may trigger structural instability due to excessive pipe ovalization with catastrophic effects. The resistance of offshore pipes against this instability mode strongly depends on imperfections and residual stresses introduced by the line pipe manufacturing process. In the present paper, the JCO pipe manufacturing process, a commonly adopted process for producing large-diameter pipes of significant thickness, is examined. The study examines the effect of JCO line pipe manufacturing process on the structural response and resistance of offshore pipes during the installation process using nonlinear finite element simulation tools. At first, the cold bending induced by the JCO process is simulated rigorously, and subsequently, the application of external pressure is modeled until structural instability is detected. For the simulation of the JCO manufacturing process and the structured response of the pipe a two dimensional generalized plane strain model is used. Furthermore, a numerical analysis is also conducted on the effects of line pipe expansion on the structural capacity of the JCO pipe.

Finite Element Analysis for the Stiffness and the Buckling of Corrugated Tubes in Heat Exchanger

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1675-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jing Wang ◽  
Zhi Min Wang ◽  
Nian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Compressive Pressure ◽  
The Stability

Corrugated tubes in a heat exchanger are analyzed by using the FEA methods. And the formula how to compute single wave’s rigidity is obtained. Besides, methods of analyzing the stability of corrugated tubes under internal compressive pressure and external pressure are proposed which include characteristic value analysis and non-linear stability analysis, thus providing theory basis for the stability research of heat exchangers.

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