Alloying Concept for High-Strength Seamless Heavy-Wall Line Pipe Suitable for Sour Service Applications

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Biermann ◽  
C. Kaucke ◽  
M. Probst-Hein ◽  
B. Koschlig
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Sour Service

Offshore oil and gas production worldwide is conducted in increasingly deep waters, leading to more and more stringent demands on line pipes. Higher grades and heavier wall thicknesses in combination with deep temperature toughness properties, good weldability and suitability for sour service applications are among the characteristics called for. It is necessary that pipe manufacturers develop materials to meet these at times conflicting requirements. An alloying concept based on steel with very low carbon content is presented. This type of material provides excellent toughness properties at deep temperatures in line pipe with a wall thickness of up to 70 mm, produced by hot rolling followed by QT heat treatment. Pipes from industrial production of identical chemical composition and heat treatment achieved grades X65 to X80, depending on wall thickness. The properties of the steel used in pipes are presented. The resistance of the pipe material to the influence of sour gas was assessed by standard tests. To demonstrate weldability, test welds were performed and examined.

SANICRO 41

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Alloy ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract SANDVIK SANICRO 41 is a nickel-base corrosion resistant alloy with a composition balanced to resist both oxidizing and reducing environments. A high-strength version (110) is available for oil and gas production. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-475. Producer or source: Sandvik.

Development of X90 and X100 Steel Grades for Seamless Linepipe Products

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Toma ◽  
Silke Harksen ◽  
Dorothee Niklasch ◽  
Denise Mahn ◽  
Ashraf Koka
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Steel Grades

The general trend in oil and gas industry gives a clear direction towards the need for high strength grades up to X100. The exploration in extreme regions and under severe conditions, e.g. in ultra deep water regions also considering High Temperature/High Pressure Fields or arctic areas, becomes more and more important with respect to the still growing demand of the world for natural resources. Further, the application of high strength materials enables the possibility of structure weight reduction which benefits to materials and cost reduction and increase of efficiency in the pipe line installation process. To address these topics, the development of such high strength steel grades with optimum combination of high tensile properties, excellent toughness properties and sour service resistivity for seamless quenched and tempered pipes are in the focus of the materials development and improvement of Vallourec. This paper will present the efforts put into the materials development for line pipe applications up to grade X100 for seamless pipes manufactured by Pilger Mill. The steel concept developed by Vallourec over the last years [1,2] was modified and adapted according to the technical requirements of the Pilger rolling process. Pipes with OD≥20″ and wall thickness up to 30 mm were rolled and subsequent quenched and tempered. The supportive application of thermodynamic and kinetic simulation techniques as additional tool for the material development was used. Results of mechanical characterization by tensile and toughness testing, as well as microstructure examination by light-optical microscopy will be shown. Advanced investigation techniques as scanning electron microcopy and electron backscatter diffraction are applied to characterize the pipe material up to the crystallographic level. The presented results will demonstrate not only the effect of a well-balanced alloying concept appointing micro-alloying, but also the high sophisticated and precise thermal treatment of these pipe products. The presented alloying concept enables the production grade X90 to X100 with wall thickness up to 30 mm and is further extending the product portfolio of Vallourec for riser systems for deepwater and ultra-deep water application [1, 3, 4].

Qualification of TMCP Pipe for Severe Sour Service: Mitigation of Local Hard Zones

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Newbury ◽  
D. P. Fairchild ◽  
C. A. Prescott ◽  
T. D. Anderson ◽  
A. J. Wasson
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Hydrogen Damage ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Sour Service

Abstract C-Mn steels are extensively used as line pipe material for sour service oil and gas applications, i.e. in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), because of their ease of fabrication, weldability and significantly lower cost compared to Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs). However, use of C-Mn steel in sour conditions can be limited by its susceptibility to various hydrogen damage mechanisms such as sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC). Presently, there are several industry standards which provide guidelines for materials selection and qualification testing to ensure the integrity of carbon steel pipelines in sour service. In recent years, examples of line pipe susceptibility to SSC have occurred due to undetected Local Hard Zones (LHZs) produced during steel plate manufacture. A companion paper (Fairchild, et al, [1]) describes historical and one newly recognized root causes for LHZs. Due to this newly recognized root cause, the adequacy of the current industry practice for specifying and qualifying C-Mn line pipe for severe sour service should be evaluated. In this work, a new approach to monitoring steel plate manufacture during Thermo Mechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP) in order to manage LHZs is explained. Results from implementing this qualification approach will be discussed. In addition, several gaps were identified in the current test methods and various potential modifications to address these gaps were identified. Based on the results of these studies, recommendations to the test methods are made to improve the robustness in the materials qualification process used for sour pipeline projects.

Technology road map for the low-carbon production of hydrocarbons

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Clare Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Net Zero

The Paris Agreement, signed in 2016, has the objective of limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5°C to substantially reduce the effects of climate change. To achieve this objective, significant and unprecedented deep cuts in carbon emissions are required, as set out in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s special report on Global Warming of 1.5°C released in October 2018. To enable this ambitious target, global reductions in carbon emissions will need to be markedly reduced to an average of net zero by 2050 and, as such, will have profound effects on hydrocarbon (oil and gas) production in the coming decades. This paper presents a road map of opportunities for the reduction of carbon emissions from hydrocarbon production, specifically natural gas. It includes technologies for reducing carbon emissions from process streams and utility streams. A case study is used to illustrate the opportunities, along with a discussion on technology readiness for several options.

Heavy Wall Seamless Line Pipe X70–X80 for Sour Service Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Konrad ◽  
Diana Toma ◽  
Volker Rohden ◽  
Guido Kubla
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Development Program ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Sour Service

The continued shift of exploration and production to deep water fields will require the industry to develop alternative pipe solutions to cope with the challenging demands of these exploration regions. Because of the complexity of exploration conditions in deep water fields, e.g. high pressures, low temperature and sour reservoirs, higher grades and heavier wall thickness in combination with low temperature toughness and suitability for sour service are required. The Vallourec&Mannesmann Tubes’s alloying concept for line pipe steels based on low carbon concept [1] was extended to grades X70 and X80 with wall thicknesses up to 75mm. In this paper the latest results on industrial studies on high strength heavy-wall steels manufactured by seamless hot rolling and subsequent quench and temper treatment are presented. The work is a part of the development program for high performance heavy wall seamless pipes for special applications such as J-lay collars, buckle arrestors and risers. Mechanical properties, advanced metallographic examinations, results of the sour service resistance and weldability are reported.

scholarly journals Materials and Corrosion Trends in Offshore and Subsea Oil and Gas Production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Iannuzzi ◽  
Afrooz Barnoush ◽  
Roy Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Environmentally Assisted Cracking ◽  
Engineering Alloys ◽  
Cantilever Bending

The ever-growing energy demand requires the exploration and the safe, profitable exploitation of unconventional reserves. The extreme environments of some of these unique prospects challenge the boundaries of traditional engineering alloys as well as our understanding of the underlying degradation mechanisms that could lead to a failure. Despite their complexity, high-pressure and high-temperature, deep- and ultra-deep, pre-salt, and Arctic reservoirs represent the most important source of innovation regarding materials technology, design methodologies, and corrosion control strategies.This paper provides an overview of trends in materials and corrosion research and development, with focus on subsea production but applicable to the entire industry. Emphasis is given to environmentally assisted cracking of high strength alloys and advanced characterization techniques based on in situ electrochemical nanoindentation and cantilever bending testing for the study of microstructure-environment interactions.

Development of High-Strength Heavy-Wall Sour-Service Seamless Line Pipe for Deep Water by Applying Inline Heat Treatment

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Arai ◽  
Kunio Kondo ◽  
Masahiko Hamada ◽  
Nobuyuki Hisamune ◽  
Nobutoshi Murao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Hydrogen Induced Cracking ◽  
Microalloying Elements ◽  
Sour Service

High strength heavy wall sour service seamless line pipe suitable for deep water applications has been developed by Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.,. This paper describes the concept of developing these pipes applying inline heat treatment technology, equipped in a newly constructed, medium-size seamless mill. Increasing hardenability through inline heat treatment achieved higher strength (X70) for heavy wall pipe (40mm) even though carbon equivalent was lower than in a conventional Q&T process. Good toughness was obtained by the control of microalloying elements such as titanium or sulfur. The produced pipe passed the hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) test conducted according to NACE TM 0284 solution A. Controlling the microstructure and suppressing maximum hardness, utilizing the uniform quenching facility during inline heat treatment, contributed to the test result. Satisfactory data on weldability for practical use were also obtained.

Assessment of Residual Stress and Suitability for Subsea Service of a Welded Superduplex Stainless Steel Flange Joint

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dodge ◽  
S. D. Smith ◽  
T. London ◽  
K. Sotoudeh ◽  
R. Morana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Superduplex Stainless Steel

Ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel components are used for oil and gas production duties due to their high strength and corrosion resistance. The material is routinely used for short flowlines, as well as for welded hubs and flanges. Cathodic protection (CP) is employed, via sacrificial aluminium based anodes, which protects ferritic steel parts from seawater corrosion. Whilst CP has proven successful in preventing corrosion, failures have occurred due to the ingress of electrolytically evolved hydrogen. Duplex stainless steel joints become susceptible to environmental cracking under a combination of high stress, hydrogen content, and susceptible microstructures; critical combinations of which may result in hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC). Successful operation of duplex equipment, in avoidance of HISC, necessitates a good understanding of the total in-service stresses (including from loading applied in service and from residual stresses from manufacture, fabrication, installation and commissioning). One of the key components of understanding the in-service stress at welds is knowledge of the residual stress distribution, following welding. The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of the typical residual stress levels in a welded superduplex stainless steel (SDSS) subsea joint, using neutron diffraction and finite element modelling. The results are presented in the context of current recommended practice, for example DNV RP-F112.

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