High Temperature Insulated Coating and Construction Methodology for the Mackay River Pipeline

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff H. Winter ◽  
Allan M. Glowach
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Fort Mcmurray ◽  
Continuous Layer ◽  
Design Selection

Continued development of the oilsands in the Fort McMurray area of Alberta lead to a need for the MacKay River Pipeline. This heavy oil pipeline provides long-term, cost-effective transportation for production from the MacKay River area. The pipeline is designed to transport bitumen with little or no dilution (dry bitumen). In order to operate without diluent, the bitumen must be heated. Heat must be retained using a continuous layer of insulation, which ensures that viscosity remains low. The high operating temperature and the environment, through which the pipeline passes, were major challenges encountered during the design and construction phases. This paper focuses on the design, selection criteria, and testing of the coating system and discusses the important aspects of construction.

Selection Criteria for Clad Materials to Use With a 316H Base Material for High Temperature Nuclear Reactor Cladded Components

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Barua ◽  
M. C. Messner ◽  
R. I. Jetter ◽  
T.-L. Sham
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Class A ◽  
Ratcheting Strain ◽  
Creep Fatigue ◽  
Work Supports

Abstract The clad selection criteria proposed in this work supports a design approach provided in [PVP2020-21469] for cladded component for high temperature nuclear service. The proposed design method guards the clad material against the creep-fatigue failure and ratcheting strain accumulation in elevated temperature nuclear service without the requirement of long-term material properties. However, it limits the type of clad materials that can be used with the existing Class A materials qualified for ASME Section III, Division 5 rules. The analysis approach and design rules allow the use of two types of clad materials — soft clads that creep much faster than the base material and hard clads that creep much slower and have higher yield stress than the base material. This work proposes selection criteria for such soft and hard clad materials to use with a Class A metallic alloy — austenitic steel 316H. The criteria are developed based on the effect of relative elastic modulus and creep rate on the long term stress redistribution between the 316H base and the clad material. The proposed clad selection criteria are applicable up to a design temperature of 750°C and for 1% to 10% thick cladding. The selection criteria are evaluated on two materials — nickel and a molybdenum based alloy TZM — categorizing them as soft or hard clad for 316H base material.

scholarly journals Modification, Degradation and Evaluation of a Few Organic Coatings for Some Marine Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-442
Author(s):  
Guang-Ling Song ◽  
Zhenliang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Marine Applications

Organic coatings for marine applications must have great corrosion protection and antifouling performance. This review presents an overview of recent investigations into coating microstructure, corrosion protection performance, antifouling behavior, and evaluation methods, particularly the substrate effect and environmental influence on coating protectiveness, aiming to improve operational practice in the coating industry. The review indicates that the presence of defects in an organic coating is the root cause of the corrosion damage of the coating. The protection performance of a coating system can be enhanced by proper treatment of the substrate and physical modification of the coating. Environmental factors may synergistically accelerate the coating degradation. The long-term protection performance of a coating system is extremely difficult to predict without coating defect information. Non-fouling coating and self-repairing coatings may be promising antifouling approaches. Based on the review, some important research topics are suggested, such as the exploration of rapid evaluation methods, the development of long-term cost-effective antifouling coatings in real marine environments.

High bond reliability of newly developed silver alloy bonding wire

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 000524-000529
Author(s):  
Noritoshi Araki ◽  
Motoki Eto ◽  
Takumi Ohkabe ◽  
Teruo Haibara ◽  
Takashi Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Automotive Electronics ◽  
Bonding Wire ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Bonding Property ◽  
Bond Interface ◽  
Accelerated Stress Test

Abstract In this paper, a new type of silver (Ag) alloy bonding wire is introduced, and its bonding property and long term reliability are demonstrated. The new Ag wire, called GX2s, is developed as a cost-effective alternative to gold (Au) wire targeting at automotive electronics. The wire material is doped with added element, and its electrical resistivity is much lower than the conventional palladium (Pd) doped Ag wire. Highly accelerated stress test (HAST) and high temperature storage life (HTSL) test were carried out along with other bonding evaluations. The results show that GX2s has good bonding property and excellent long term bond reliability. Microstructural analyses of bond interface after the reliability tests were also conducted to investigate its improving mechanism. GX2s is a suitable alternative to Au wire for many applications including high temperature automotive devices.

Microstructural characterization of a rapidly solidified Al-Fe-V-Si alloy for elevated temperature applications

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
R. E. Franck ◽  
J. A. Hawk ◽  
G. J. Shiflet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Microstructural Stability ◽  
Elevated Temperature Strength ◽  
Temperature Applications

Rapid solidification processing (RSP) is one method of producing high strength aluminum alloys for elevated temperature applications. Allied-Signal, Inc. has produced an Al-12.4 Fe-1.2 V-2.3 Si (composition in wt pct) alloy which possesses good microstructural stability up to 425°C. This alloy contains a high volume fraction (37 v/o) of fine nearly spherical, α-Al12(Fe, V)3Si dispersoids. The improved elevated temperature strength and stability of this alloy is due to the slower dispersoid coarsening rate of the silicide particles. Additionally, the high v/o of second phase particles should inhibit recrystallization and grain growth, and thus reduce any loss in strength due to long term, high temperature annealing.The focus of this research is to investigate microstructural changes induced by long term, high temperature static annealing heat-treatments. Annealing treatments for up to 1000 hours were carried out on this alloy at 500°C, 550°C and 600°C. Particle coarsening and/or recrystallization and grain growth would be accelerated in these temperature regimes.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

Antithrombotic Therapy for DVT/PE

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Thomas Hyers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Long Term Therapy

SummaryProblems with unfractionated heparin as an antithrombotic have led to the development of new therapeutic agents. Of these, low molecular weight heparin shows great promise and has led to out-patient therapy of DVT/PE in selected patients. Oral anticoagulants remain the choice for long-term therapy. More cost-effective ways to give oral anticoagulants are needed.

Strategic planning in grassland farming: Principles andapplications

1997 ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
W.J. Parker ◽  
N.M. Shadbolt ◽  
D.I. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
Pastoral Farming ◽  
Financial Environment

Three levels of planning can be distinguished in grassland farming: strategic, tactical and operational. The purpose of strategic planning is to achieve a sustainable long-term fit of the farm business with its physical, social and financial environment. In pastoral farming, this essentially means developing plans that maximise and best match pasture growth with animal demand, while generating sufficient income to maintain or enhance farm resources and improvements, and attain personal and financial goals. Strategic plans relate to the whole farm business and are focused on the means to achieve future needs. They should be routinely (at least annually) reviewed and monitored for effectiveness through key performance indicators (e.g., Economic Farm Surplus) that enable progress toward goals to be measured in a timely and cost-effective manner. Failure to link strategy with control is likely to result in unfulfilled plans. Keywords: management, performance

KUBOTA KNC-03

Alloy Digest ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation

Abstract Kubota KNC-03 is a grade with a combination of high strength and excellent resistance to oxidation. These properties make this alloy suitable for long-term service at temperature up to 1250 deg C (2282 deg F). This datasheet provides information on physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive strength as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as casting and joining. Filing Code: Ni-676. Producer or source: Kubota Metal Corporation, Fahramet Division. See also Alloy Digest Ni-662, April 2008.

ATI 6-2-4-2

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract ATI 6-2-4-2 is a near-alpha, high strength, titanium alloy that exhibits a good combination of tensile strength, creep strength, toughness, and long-term stability at temperatures up to 425 °C (800 °F). Silicon up to 0.1% frequently is added to improve the creep resistance of the alloy. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-169. Producer or Source: ATI.

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