Pipeline Risk Mitigation Study

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Level Of Risk

This paper presents a case study, which is currently being carried out on a high-pressure sub-sea gas export pipeline. The main objective of the case study is to determine if the risk mitigation measures that are already in place are sufficient considering the level of risk for different sections of the pipeline. The methodology utilizes a Geographical Information System and the COmputer Assisted Shipping Traffic (COAST) database to determine the level of risk caused by vessels traveling over the pipeline. The factors considered are damaged due to anchor drop and drag, vessel foundering and grounding over the pipeline. Live vessel tracks obtained from nearby radar stations are used to determine the annual traffic volume, size, type and speed of vessels as well as vessel headings. This information is then fed into the COAST database and presented graphically. The pipeline is then divided into equal area cells and the probability of anchor dropping and dragging and vessel foundering and grounding are calculated based on the type, size and speed of the vessels identified to have passed over the pipeline. The results of the frequency of occurrences and fatalities are presented and then evaluated against the set As Low As Reasonable Practicable (ALARP) level. The “hot spots” of the pipeline are identified and a base case study is carried out for the risk reduction measures that are in place (if any) for each of the “hot spots” identified. Alternative risk reduction measures are considered and a cost benefit analysis is carried out to determine the most feasible option. The risk levels are then recalculated with the risk reduction measures in place to see if this has reduced the risk to ALARP. The COAST database is thought to be very useful as it can be updated to reflect the current navigational practices of vessels and hence, it would be easy to update analyses as and when required.

Cost Optimisation in Risk Reduction Management Based on Gross Disproportionation Concept

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Marín ◽  
Jon Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measure ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract Gross Disproportionation concept is used as indicator once risk reduction measures are required. This indicator shows that a measure must be implemented if its cost (i.e. Capital Expenditure), is not grossly disproportionate if compared to benefits — represented by casualties suppression — reached by the measure. Due to this, a risk reduction measure is reasonable feasible unless its cost is highly disproportionate in comparison to its benefits. In hydrocarbon transportation industry, benefits represent the avoided cost if threats take place; on the other hand, for risk mitigation cost estimation, the cost per casualty averted must be accounted. The latter, provides a global cost of the mitigation measure adopted in relation to the direct cost of construction, with the reduction of the level of risk (i.e. social risk) and with the expected design period for that measure. In this last concept, the higher the reduction in the level of risk or the longer the design period of the mitigation measure, the lower the cost per casualty averted, a fact that reflects an effective mitigation measure in terms of risk reduction and its durability. This document shows, from a case study, how the application of the concept of grow disproportionation allows to select the type of optimal intervention over Ocensa’s pipeline, with the most favorable relation between cost and benefit, and the effective risk reduction level.

FEASIBILITY AND PROBLEMS OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER REDUCTION MEASURES BASED ON ACTIVE FAULT DATA

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
TERUMOTO KIYOMINE ◽  
NAKABAYASHI ITSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

Active fault data have been more widely and closely investigated and extensive data have also been collected. However, there are only a few examples related to land use planning for disaster reduction measures based on active fault data. The purpose of this study is (1) to categorize the disaster reduction measures, and (2) to examine problems and important factors for promoting disaster reduction measures based on a questionnaire survey. The cases of the measures that are able to be distinguished included building restriction, nonconstruction restriction, and risk communication. The questionnaire survey was conducted with the residents of Yokosuka city. The results of analyses showed that disaster reduction measures based on active fault data tended to be approximately accepted. Other results indicated that as the public's understanding related to earthquake risk and risk mitigation measures increases, the awareness of risk reduction measures based on active fault data is promoted, and the objectives of disaster reduction measures would be realized.

Pipeline Risk Assessment Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirous F. Yasseri ◽  
R. B. Mahani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Risk Reduction Measure ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Deciding on the effectiveness of risk reduction measures is a common problem that involves tradeoffs among multiple different and generally qualitative criteria. Often risk mitigation measures implemented for pipeline risk reduction cannot be easily quantified, but it can be ranked. Hence, there is a need to identify which risk reduction measure is the most effective amongst the competing options. This paper uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach to select optimal solutions that best satisfies all of the decision maker’s requirements. This paper presents the development of an AHP model and the derivation of a quality index. The model is used for a hypothetical case study of various remediation works to an existing pipeline. The advantages of using such a technique are also discussed. This proposed model of risk assessment is useful for risk management during the planning and building stages of a new pipeline, as well as for modification and changes of use for an existing pipeline.

Enhancing earthquake resilience of communities: an action by women’s groups in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Shrestha ◽  
Surya Narayan Shrestha ◽  
Bhubaneswari Parajuli ◽  
Amod Mani Dixit ◽  
Bijay Krishna Upadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Earthquake Resilience

Purpose Nepal is exposed to frequent earthquakes. There is a felt need for promoting disaster risk reduction action at community level, promoting existing community cohesion for use in disaster preparedness and replication of positive experiences. Involvement of women has been identified as one of the effective ways to motivate and mobilize communities to reduce disaster risks and enhance disaster preparedness. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Frontline program was implemented in the four communities of Chandragiri municipality during 2015 with support from GNDR. Preparing the local risk profile and the action plans to reduce those identified risk was the main approach of the Frontline program. Findings During the Frontline survey, the community identified earthquake as the top threat in the community and non-structural mitigation as one of the priority actions. The members of the women network started advocating for earthquake safe communities and implementing the risk reduction measures. This action has developed understanding of the process, scientifically and systematically, and boosted their confidence with important new technical skills and new leadership roles in their community to mitigate the earthquake risk. Originality/value This case study records the experience of the women’s group in Nepal using their NSM learning in their own houses to reduce vulnerability. They started vulnerability reduction with their own kitchens and bedrooms by fastening their cupboards, frames, freezes, gas cylinders, etc. This led to implementing the mitigation measures in their locality and outside their community. This has been a step toward achieving a safer community through safer houses and schools.

Design and construction risks in BOT type mega transportation projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2223-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hande Aladağ ◽  
Zeynep Işık
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Construction Risks ◽  
Design And Construction

Purpose In build-operate-transfer (BOT) transportation projects, design and construction phases are critical in terms of their effect on time and cost overruns. The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of risk factors affecting these phases and their significance level for BOT transportation projects. Design/methodology/approach Design and construction risks were determined and then validated by focus group discussions. Afterwards, an illustrated case study was presented to better understand the effects of determined risks in a BOT mega transportation project. As the last step of the study, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process method was used to prioritize risk factors. Findings The prominent risk factors were found out as occupational accidents, integration between design and construction phases and excessive design variations. Research limitations/implications Different kinds of BOT transportation projects in different countries might be executed very differently considering specific social, political, economic and other factors. However, the results of the study are important in terms of the specific lessons learned from the case study that can be used as a foundation for developing possible risk mitigation measures. Originality/value Though the risk management of BOT projects has been investigated frequently in the literature, there is a knowledge gap in the quantitative evaluation of risk significance specific to design and construction risks. The prioritization of determined risks with an associated case from a mega transportation project will contribute to the BOT project practitioners about possible challenges in design and construction phases in BOT mega transportation projects.

scholarly journals Survey on Disaster Risk Reduction Measures in the Balicuatro Area Schools of Northern Samar

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Randy O. Canales ◽  
Felisa L. Sanico
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
School Heads

This study sought to account the disaster risk reduction measures of the school heads of the elementary schools in the Balicuatro Area of Northern Samar in terms of information dissemination and advocacy campaign, policy mechanisms, organizational structure and mitigation measures to ensure the safety of the pupils, school personnel, properties and records. The findings showed that there was a significant relationship on the level of awareness of the respondents and the status of implementation of disaster risk reduction measures. The respondents possess some extent of knowledge on disaster risk reduction measures. The respondents’ awareness influenced their status of implementation of the measures. It can be implied that the efforts of the government to raise the awareness is effective.

scholarly journals Aggregated Risk Assessment and Survey for Risk Reduction in Oil Terminals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12169
Author(s):  
Robertas Alzbutas ◽  
Mindaugas Vaisnoras ◽  
Inga Saruniene ◽  
Ricardas Krikstolaitis ◽  
Mindaugas Valincius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Risk Aggregation ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
The Impact

One of the goals of any oil terminal is to make a business while avoiding hazardous events and harmful effects for both humans and the environment. This can be achieved by creating a safe working place as well as by performing safe and acceptable activities regarding the impact on surrounding objects, including residential and industrial areas. The aim of the hazard analysis of the oil terminal is to assess the risks related to hazardous events or phenomena and to evaluate whether the assessed risks are acceptable. The hazard analysis and assessment of risk are also used for risk reduction while examining and limiting hazardous scenarios that, for instance, involve the loss-of-containment of flammable or combustible material. In this paper, the authors aim to contribute to risk research by providing a comprehensive methodology of risk assessment for oil terminals with case study results and discussion on features of the methodology, risk aggregation, its applicability for risk reduction, and industrial interests. The performed study considered the “Klaipedos Nafta AB” (an operator of the Klaipeda Oil Terminal, Lithuania) case study regarding hazardous materials that might be released from various tanks, devices, and associated pipelines. The performed quantitative risk assessment has enabled the determination of the probability regarding whether releases would ignite and, for instance, cause explosion. In the case study, the estimate of probability, i.e., the frequency, and the possible consequences of the hazardous events were evaluated, and both mitigation and risk reduction measures were also considered.

scholarly journals ANALISIS RISIKO PEMBANGUNAN UNDERPASS DEWA RUCI

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Trisna Sura Nata ◽  
I G. A Adnyana Putera ◽  
Gd. Astawa Diputra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Risk Acceptance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract:The construction of Dewaruci Underpass was an attempt by the government to improve accessibility to support economic growth as well as to improve social welfare. The construction activities of Dewaruci Underpass can bring a wide range of risks, therefore it was conducted a research to identify the risks, assess the risks by analyzing the level of risk acceptance, risk mitigation and ownership of the dominant risk. This research was conductedbyqualitativedescriptivemethod, namely the field research, based on theliterature reviewandsupporting data. Data was collected bydistributing questionnaires tothe respondentsusingpurposive sampling method, whichsimplyselectingrespondentswho were competentandexperienced(expert) about the possiblerisksthatoccurduring theexecution ofthe construction of Dewaruci Underpass. The study was conductedin the area ofdevelopment projects of Dewaruci Underpass, JalanNgurahRaiBypass, Badung from March 2013toJune 2013. The results showedthat there were99risks identifiedand46(46.46%) of dominantriskcategory. The dominantrisks were most prevalentinthe projectrisks. There were105measuresto mitigatetheriskdominantwith 19mitigationmeasuresatan unacceptablerisk. Mostdominantrisksweretherisks ofcontractorsof41(58.57%) withsevenunacceptable risks.Thedominantrisksfor examples:disruption ofconstructiondue tothe density oftraffic, the mitigation measures were doingtraffic controlalong with the relevant agenciesandcarried out most ofthe majorworksoutsiderush hourtrafficandthe risk wasborne bythe contractor. Groundwater levelswereshallow, the mitigation measureswerepreparingdewateringwellsandthe pumpandput thework onthe drainagechannel, andthe risk wasborne bythe contractor.

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