Same Yet Different: A Comparison of Pipeline Industries in Canada and Australia

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Better Than

Canada and Australia are remarkably similar countries. Characteristics such as geography, politics, native land issues, and population are notably similar, while the climate may be considered the most obvious difference between the two countries. The pipeline industries are similar as well, but yet very different in some respects too. This presentation will explore some of the similarities and differences between the pipeline industries in both countries. The focus of the discussion will be mainly on long-distance, cross-country gas transmission pipelines. The author of this paper spent 4 years working for TransCanada PipeLines in Calgary in a pipeline design and construction capacity, and has spent 2.5 years working for an engineering consultant firm, Egis Consulting Australia, in a variety of roles on oil and gas projects in Australia. Topics to be addressed include the general pipeline industry organisation and the infrastructure in both countries. The history of the development of the pipeline industry in each country provides insight as to why each is organised the way it is today. While neither system is “better” than the other, there are certain advantages to Canada’s system (nationally regulated) over Australia’s system (currently state-regulated). The design codes of each country will be compared and contrasted. The pipeline design codes alternate in level of detail and strictness of requirements. Again, it cannot be said that one is “better” than the other, although in some cases one country’s code is much more useful than the other for pipeline designers. Construction techniques affected by the terrain and climate in each country will be explored. Typical pipeline construction activities are well known to pipeliners all over the globe: clear and grade, trench, string pipe, weld pipe, coat welds, lower in, backfill and clean up. The order of these activities may change, depending on the terrain and the season, and the methods of completing each activity will also depend on the terrain and the season, however the principles remain the same. Australia and Canada differ in aspects such as climate, terrain and watercourse type, and therefore each country has developed methods to handle these issues. Finally, some of the current and future opportunities for the 21st century for the pipeline industry in both countries will be discussed. This discussion will include items such as operations and maintenance issues, Canada’s northern development opportunities, and Australia’s national gas grid possibilities.

Design Aspects of the Zap-Lok® Connection for Onshore and Offshore Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Orthotropic Material ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behaviour ◽  
Metal Seal ◽  
Mechanical Interference ◽  
Pipeline Design

The Zap-Lok® joint is a mechanical interference connection that, under certain conditions, utilises applied loads to energise a metal-to-metal seal face. One end of the pipe is cold-formed to form a ‘bell’ and the other is formed into a spigot or ‘pin’ as shown in figure 1. These are then subsequently joined in the field by means of a hydraulic press. The technology has been applied in numerous permanent oil and gas applications both onshore and offshore as an alternative to conventional welding where its inherent speed of construction and mechanical integrity provide a useful means of performing well hook ups. The purpose of this paper is to draw from the wealth of testing that has been conducted on the Zap-Lok® joint over recent years and present a fully verifiable analytical modelling technique that describes the stress-strain behaviour under typical static operational loading conditions as an orthotropic material. This shall be put forth in the form of a series of stress strain curves as well as a maximum strength model. In addition, certain requirements shall be put into place in order that pipeline engineers and designers may put into context the various load parameters that exist can be interpreted under the ASME B31 suite of pipeline design codes in order that design and installation shall comply with the aforementioned codes.

How and Why should We Write the History of Twentieth-Century Economics?

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger E. Backhouse
Keyword(s):  
Specific Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Historical Reconstructions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Is Value ◽  
Better Than

Most discussions of how one should write the history of economics are conducted at a very abstract level. They debate the merits of alternative approaches without relating them to specific problem-situations or specific periods. The literature uses terms such as “absolutism,” “relativism,” “Whig history,” “thick history,” “historical reconstructions,” “rational reconstructions,” and “presentism,” frequently arguing that one of these approaches is better than one or more of the others. In warning historians of economics against sin, they typically define sin in absolute terms. This is particularly true of those who argue for “relativism,” “thick history,” “historical reconstructions” and the like. There is a simple reason for this. Terms such as “absolutism,” “Whig history,” and “presentism” all carry negative connotations, with the result that their advocates usually feel impelled to qualify them. On the other hand, supporters of “historical reconstruction,” “thick history” and so on feel much less pressure to offer such qualifications—the words used have the sound of “real” history. The terminology itself is value-laden.

Challenges in a Long-Distance Pipe Jacking and Solutions in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 1260-1265
Author(s):  
Liu Hui
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Construction Scheme ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Information Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Pipe Jacking ◽  
Optimal Construction

Pipe jacking, for its incomparable technical superiority, has been gaining wider and wider application in municipal construction project. However, there are many difficulties in terms of construction techniques and the long-distance pipe jacking is one of the most complicated. This paper, with the case history of the first and second stage of the sewage disposal project in Chongqing, presented the comparison and selection for the optimal construction scheme of long-distance pipe jacking, the installation techniques of pipe-jacking equipments, pipe-jacking construction method, technical challenges and possible solutions. The result of the study shows that long-distance pipe jacking technique, if carefully designed and combined with information construction, can be widely applied to the construction of municipal infrastructure in China.

The behaviour, overview of damage and retrofit of steel buildings after the earthquakes of September 1985

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Martinez-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Steel Construction ◽  
History Of

A brief introduction on the earthquake history of Mexico is made. A description of the various types of steel structures built in Mexico City is made, including comparisons of the other types of steel construction with more modern practices. Performance of steel buildings in the September 1985 earthquake are discussed and related to the local geotechnical conditions, including foundation behaviour. The evolution of seismic design Codes in Mexico City is presented and the Emergency Provisions recently issued, are discussed. Finally, some ideas of repairing damaged steel structures to improve their seismic performance meeting the higher demands of the reformed Code, are given as a retrofit.

Aesthetic Objectivity and the Analogy with Ethics

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 165-181
Author(s):  
Oliver Johnson
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Camping Trip ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Allegory Of The Cave

Of all the kinds of arguments that philosophers use to support their conclusions, the one type that I find personally to stick longest and most vividly in my mind is the verbal pictures they occasionally draw. Whether this is a result of the fact that I myself think best in pictorial terms or, as I would rather like to believe, is a tribute to the verbal artistry of the writers themselves, it remains true that, for me, the history of philosophy is punctuated with pictures, some pleasing and others perplexing. I need hardly mention Plato; with the Allegory of the Cave, the Myth of Er, the Charioteer of the Soul, and countless others he is beyond question the supreme master of the art. But other examples easily come to mind. I see Descartes seated in solitude before the fire in his dressing gown, suddenly to be surprised by a malignant demon, who appears at his shoulder to whisper insinuatingly into his ear that 2 plus 2 does not equal 4 at all. Or William James on a camping trip with friends trying to decide whether one of their number who keeps circling a tree on which a squirrel clings - and in turn circles the tree at equal speed, keeping the tree between him and his tormenter and never permitting the latter to get into a position behind his back - does or does not circle the squirrel, as he undoubtedly does circle the tree to which the squirrel clings. Or, I see G. E. Moore - and it is this picture that gives rise to the present paper - carefully contemplating two complete, independent, and quite different worlds, trying to decide which of the two is intrinsically better than the other.

Les « superstitions » à l’épreuve de la modernité : un retour en grâce ?

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-512
Author(s):  
Lionel Obadia
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relevant Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Better Than

Have we finished with superstition, from the point of view of history, of ideas and of psychology? Nothing is less certain. On the basis of some ancient or recent publications on this topic, this article attempts to pinpoint the fact that, owing to the empirical and theoretical topicality of superstition, it certainly deserves better than the ideological and intellectual disqualification it has been subjected to. Recent reflections, inspired by anthropological and psychological approaches, seem part of a new interest in beliefs and symbols previously mastered by dominant and exclusive systems of thoughts, be they religious or profane. But a close examination of the effective uses of the notion of ‘superstition’ demonstrates that the projective stigmatization of the ‘Other’ remains a relevant point of departure from which it can be rehabilitated, alongside the latest psychological approaches of belief.

scholarly journals Who Burned Trypillian Settlements — Herdsmen of the Steppe or Farmers of the Forest-Steppe?

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-71
Author(s):  
Oleksii Trachuk
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Better Than

In 2023, Ukraine will celebrate the 130th anniversary of Trypillian culture discovery by Vikentii Khvoika. What has changed in the understanding of the heritage left by such a mysterious and unique Ukrainian archaeological cultures as Trypillia? One of the problems stating that the “sites” in terrestrial housings were not cult burial structures but the remnants of residential buildings was solved. However, in the 1970s, Soviet archaeologists had a bizarre fantasy offered by K. Zinkovskyi that Trypillian settlements had been burned not by conquerors – steppe herders – but by Trypillians themselves. This fantasy was confidently denied by such authoritative archaeologists as V. Petrov, V. Zbenovych, I. Sveshnikov, H. Todorova, M. Gimbutas, V. Dergachev. At the beginning of the 21st century, due to the creation of the state reserve “Trypillian Culture” in Cherkasy region, holding of more than ten “Trypillian Circle” festivals in Kyiv region, and introduction of a tourist route from Kyiv to Lviv, the Ukrainian interest in Trypillian culture as an Eneolithic civilization of farmers grew significantly. During this period, some archaeologists (N. Burdo, M. Videiko, V. Kruts, O. Korvin-Piotrovskyi) extracted from the archives the forgotten imagination of K. Zinkovskyi, gradually and methodically began to prove to their colleagues-archaeologists and Ukrainians that Trypillia farmers ritually burned their settlements. Archaeological sites, unfortunately, keep silent about rituals, but they can testify about those who conquered Trypillia and burned their settlements. In addition, M. Videiko believes that the melee weapons of the people of Trypillia are better than the bows and arrows of the steppe horsemen, while Trypillians also fought among themselves. D. Telegin and V. Dergachev refuted such versions in their research of Middle Stog herdsmen. But on the other hand, the situation is confused by Yu.Rassamakin, who unjustifiably replaces the well-known Middle Stog people with Skelians, Kvitiants, and Derevites, who did not seem to be at war, but traded with European farmers.Thus, in the Eneolithic history of independent Ukraine, artificial problems arose. The author, systematizing the interpretations of famous archaeologists and the experience of the post-Eneolithic epochs, tried to solve them in his article.

scholarly journals National and ethnic minorities in museums

1970 ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Peter Dragsbo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Cultural Minorities ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Shifts

In the discussions of the representation of the numerous “new” ethnic, religious, gender and cultural minorities, the “old” national and ethnic minorities sometimes seem to be a little forgotten. Thus, some of the crucial questions of these minorities in relation to museums are rarely discussed. One of these is the tendency of many minority museums to formalize stereotypes of the minority, a so-to-say self- “folklorization”. At the same time respecting the importance of a minority to master its self-presentation through museums, the museums have a common challenge to include the outside world, being aware that every minority is also a product of historical processes, short and long distance influences, meeting and mixture of cultures, changing identities and shifts in self-symbolization. Also, the minorities must accept that majority museums have a right and duty to tell the history of the minorities, thus cooperating with the minority in reducing the “othering” on both sides, accepting that both sides, freed from any bias, can communicate also the “unpleasant” stories of the other part.

Aesthetic Objectivity and the Analogy with Ethics

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 165-181
Author(s):  
Oliver Johnson
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Camping Trip ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Allegory Of The Cave

Of all the kinds of arguments that philosophers use to support their conclusions, the one type that I find personally to stick longest and most vividly in my mind is the verbal pictures they occasionally draw. Whether this is a result of the fact that I myself think best in pictorial terms or, as I would rather like to believe, is a tribute to the verbal artistry of the writers themselves, it remains true that, for me, the history of philosophy is punctuated with pictures, some pleasing and others perplexing. I need hardly mention Plato; with the Allegory of the Cave, the Myth of Er, the Charioteer of the Soul, and countless others he is beyond question the supreme master of the art. But other examples easily come to mind. I see Descartes seated in solitude before the fire in his dressing gown, suddenly to be surprised by a malignant demon, who appears at his shoulder to whisper insinuatingly into his ear that 2 plus 2 does not equal 4 at all. Or William James on a camping trip with friends trying to decide whether one of their number who keeps circling a tree on which a squirrel clings - and in turn circles the tree at equal speed, keeping the tree between him and his tormenter and never permitting the latter to get into a position behind his back - does or does not circle the squirrel, as he undoubtedly does circle the tree to which the squirrel clings. Or, I see G. E. Moore - and it is this picture that gives rise to the present paper - carefully contemplating two complete, independent, and quite different worlds, trying to decide which of the two is intrinsically better than the other.

Active and Conservative Treatment of Acute Otitis Media; Prospective Studies

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 269-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Qvarnberg ◽  
T. Palva
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Good Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
Better Than

Two Finnish prospective studies of acute otitis media are reviewed, one consisting of 158 and the other of 248 patients. Treatment with myringotomy in combination with antibiotics gave results which were better than those obtained by antibiotics alone. If the patients had a history of two or more earlier attacks of acute otitis media, healing rates were poorer irrespective of the method of therapy, and treatment without myringotomy could not be adhered to even if planned. Mastoid roentgenograms showed partial or total cloudiness in many ears and proved to be a good method of recognizing the cases in which the disease was likely to run a prolonged course.

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