scholarly journals A Full-Scale Investigation Into Pipeline/Soil Interaction

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Paulin ◽  
Ryan Phillips ◽  
Jack I. Clark ◽  
Alan Trigg ◽  
Ibrahim Konuk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Buried Structures ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Nonlinear Springs ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Anchor Plates ◽  
Pipeline Design

The ability of oil and gas pipelines to respond safely to soil movements is an important consideration in pipeline design and route selection. There are a number of suggested methods of analysing pipeline/soil interaction in the literature most of which consider the pipeline to be connected to the soil via a series of discrete nonlinear springs. Many of these methods have generally been based on soil/structure interaction studies developed for other types of buried structures such as anchor plates and vertical piles. There are few pipeline-specific theoretical or experimental results available for comparison and validation of accepted design/analysis methods. To remediate this lack of large-scale pipeline-specific data, a full-scale pipeline/soil interaction test facility has been established in St. John’s Newfoundland. This paper presents a description of the test facility, details on experimental procedures, and comparative results from lateral and axial testing in sand and clay.

scholarly journals Design and Calibration of a Full Scale Active Magnetic Bearing Based Test Facility for Investigating Rotordynamic Properties of Turbomachinery Seals in Multiphase Flow

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Jauernik Voigt ◽  
Christian Mandrup-Poulsen ◽  
Kenny Krogh Nielsen ◽  
Ilmar F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hall Sensor ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Process Equipment

The recent move towards subsea oil and gas production brings about a requirement to locate process equipment in deepwater installations. Furthermore, there is a drive towards omitting well stream separation functionality, as this adds complexity and cost to the subsea installation. This in turn leads to technical challenges for the subsea installed pumps and compressors that are now required to handle multiphase flow of varying gas to liquid ratios. This highlights the necessity for a strong research focus on multiphase flow impact on rotordynamic properties and thereby operational stability of the subsea installed rotating machinery. It is well known that careful design of turbomachinery seals, such as interstage and balance piston seals, is pivotal for the performance of pumps and compressors. Consequently, the ability to predict the complex interaction between fluid dynamics and rotordynamics within these seals is key. Numerical tools offering predictive capabilities for turbomachinery seals in multiphase flow are currently being developed and refined, however the lack of experimental data for multiphase seals renders benchmarking and validation impossible. To this end, the Technical University of Denmark and Lloyd’s Register Consulting are currently establishing a purpose built state of the art multiphase seal test facility, which is divided into three modules. Module I consists of a full scale Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) based rotordynamic test bench. The internally designed custom AMBs are equipped with an embedded Hall sensor system enabling high-precision non-contact seal force quantification. Module II is a fully automatised calibration facility for the Hall sensor based force quantification system. Module III consists of the test seal housing assembly. This paper provides details on the design of the novel test facility and the calibration of the Hall sensor system employed to measure AMB forces. Calibration and validation results are presented, along with an uncertainty analysis on the force quantification capabilities.

Evaluation of Girth Weld Defect Acceptance Criteria for Grade X100 Pipelines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Swankie ◽  
Vinod Chauhan ◽  
Ian Wood ◽  
Richard Espiner ◽  
Max Kieba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Weld Defect ◽  
Girth Welds ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Large Scale Tests ◽  
Pipeline Design

There are a number of methods that are commonly used for the assessment of a girth weld containing a ‘fabrication’ defect. These range from the more generic workmanship limits through to more complex pipeline specific Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) methodologies. The workmanship limits stipulated in pipeline design codes can be very conservative, resulting in un-necessary and costly repairs. The ECA approach is being increasingly used to derive girth weld defect acceptance limits specific to a pipeline. These limits have been derived using either semi-analytical methods or from the results of large-scale tests conducted on pipeline girth welds. However, at present there is no one standardized method. The guidance produced by the European Pipeline Research Group (EPRG) is an example of an established methodology based on the results of large-scale tests, while commonly used pipeline specific semi-analytical assessment methods include API 1104 and CSA Z662. Other commonly used analytical methods, which are more generic in application, include BS 7910 and API 579-1/ASME FFS-1. Application of these methods to girth welds in grade X100 pipelines has not yet been validated. The US Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) commissioned Electricore, Inc and GL Noble Denton to investigate the applicability of these ‘commonly used’ girth weld assessment procedures to grade X100 pipelines. To facilitate this project, BP provided 10 girth welds from a full-scale operational trial of two grade X100 48in diameter pipeline test sections, following completion of the trial at GL Noble Denton’s Spadeadam test facility, Cumbria, UK. The girth welds were selected to enable the effects of material variability between abutting pipes, different heats and different manufacturers (pipe was sourced from two world class pipe mills, with the plate supply for one mill coming from two sources) to be investigated. A substantial test program has been undertaken to fully characterize the mechanical properties of each girth weld, comprising curved wide plate (CWP), tensile, Charpy impact and fracture mechanics tests. The results from the CWP tests have been analyzed using the procedures given in API 1104 (Option 2), EPRG, CSA Z662, BS 7910 and API 579-1/ASME FFS-1. This paper presents an overview of the tests undertaken and a comparison of the actual test results with the predictions from the assessment methods.

scholarly journals Design and Calibration of a Full Scale Active Magnetic Bearing Based Test Facility for Investigating Rotordynamic Properties of Turbomachinery Seals in Multiphase Flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Jauernik Voigt ◽  
Christian Mandrup-Poulsen ◽  
Kenny Krogh Nielsen ◽  
Ilmar F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hall Sensor ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Process Equipment

The recent move toward subsea oil and gas production brings about a requirement to locate process equipment in deepwater installations. Furthermore, there is a drive toward omitting well stream separation functionality, as this adds complexity and cost to the subsea installation. This in turn leads to technical challenges for the subsea installed pumps and compressors that are now required to handle multiphase flow of varying gas to liquid ratios. This highlights the necessity for a strong research focus on multiphase flow impact on rotordynamic properties and thereby operational stability of the subsea installed rotating machinery. It is well known that careful design of turbomachinery seals, such as interstage and balance piston seals, is pivotal for the performance of pumps and compressors. Consequently, the ability to predict the complex interaction between fluid dynamics and rotordynamics within these seals is key. Numerical tools offering predictive capabilities for turbomachinery seals in multiphase flow are currently being developed and refined, however the lack of experimental data for multiphase seals renders benchmarking and validation impossible. To this end, the Technical University of Denmark and Lloyd's Register Consulting are currently establishing a purpose built state of the art multiphase seal test facility, which is divided into three modules. Module I consists of a full scale active magnetic bearing (AMB) based rotordynamic test bench. The internally designed custom AMBs are equipped with an embedded Hall sensor system enabling high-precision noncontact seal force quantification. Module II is a fully automatized calibration facility for the Hall sensor based force quantification system. Module III consists of the test seal housing assembly. This paper provides details on the design of the novel test facility and the calibration of the Hall sensor system employed to measure AMB forces. Calibration and validation results are presented, along with an uncertainty analysis on the force quantification capabilities.

Financial and Economic Support of Innovation Processes in the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
L. D. Kapranova ◽  
T. V. Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the current state of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) that ensures generation of a significant part of the budget and the innovative development of the economy.The purpose of the research was to establish priority directions for the development of the FEC sectors based on a comprehensive analysis of their innovative and investment activities. The dynamics of investment in the fuel and energy sector are considered. It is noted that large-scale modernization of the fuel and energy complex requires substantial investment and support from the government. The results of the government programs of corporate innovative development are analyzed. The results of the research identified innovative development priorities in the power, oil, gas and coal sectors of the fuel and energy complex. The most promising areas of innovative development in the oil and gas sector are the technologies of enhanced oil recovery; the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves; the production of liquefied natural gas and its transportation. In the power sector, the prospective areas are activities aimed at improving the performance reliability of the national energy systems and the introduction of digital technologies. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that the innovation activities in the fuel and energy complex primarily include the development of new technologies, modernization of the FEC technical base; adoption of state-of-the-art methods of coal mining and oil recovery; creating favorable economic conditions for industrial extraction of hard-to-recover reserves; transition to carbon-free fuel sources and energy carriers that can reduce energy consumption and cost as well as reducing the negative FEC impact on the environment.

Computational and experimental studies of the strength of full-scale samples of pipes with defects "metal loss" and "dent with groove"

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Neganov ◽  
◽  
Victor M. Varshitsky ◽  
Andrey A. Belkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Sufficient Stability ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
The Moment

The article contains the comparative results of the experimental and calculated research of the strength of a pipeline with such defects as “metal loss” and “dent with groove”. Two coils with diameter of 820 mm and the thickness of 9 mm of 19G steel were used for full-scale pipe sample production. One of the coils was intentionally damaged by machining, which resulted in “metal loss” defect, the other one was dented (by press machine) and got groove mark (by chisel). The testing of pipe samples was performed by applying static internal pressure to the moment of collapse. The calculation of deterioration pressure was carried out with the use of national and foreign methodical approaches. The calculated values of collapsing pressure for the pipe with loss of metal mainly coincided with the calculation experiment results based on Russian method and ASME B31G. In case of pipe with dent and groove the calculated value of collapsing pressure demonstrated greater coincidence with Russian method and to a lesser extent with API 579/ASME FFS-1. In whole, all calculation methods demonstrate sufficient stability of results, which provides reliable operation of pipelines with defects.

ASSESSMENT OF OIL WELL PRODUCTIVITY IN LOW-PERMEABILITY RESERVOIRS IN THE FIELDS OF EASTERN SIBERIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
R. V. Urvantsev ◽  
S. E. Cheban
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Traditional Fields ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoirs

The 21st century witnessed the development of the oil extraction industry in Russia due to the intensifica- tion of its production at the existing traditional fields of Western Siberia, the Volga region and other oil-extracting regions, and due discovering new oil and gas provinces. At that time the path to the development of fields in Eastern Siberia was already paved. The large-scale discoveries of a number of fields made here in the 70s-80s of the 20th century are only being developed now. The process of development itself is rather slow in view of a number of reasons. Create a problem of high cost value of oil extraction in the region. One of the major tasks is obtaining the maximum oil recovery factor while reducing the development costs. The carbonate layer lying within the Katangsky suite is low-permeability, and its inventories are categorised as hard to recover. Now, the object is at a stage of trial development,which foregrounds researches on selecting the effective methods of oil extraction.

Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Geochemical Models of Engineered Barrier Systems: The Febex Project

2000 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Samper ◽  
R. Juncosa ◽  
V. Navarro ◽  
J. Delgado ◽  
L. Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engineered Barrier

ABSTRACTFEBEX (Full-scale Engineered Barrier EXperiment) is a demonstration and research project dealing with the bentonite engineered barrier designed for sealing and containment of waste in a high level radioactive waste repository (HLWR). It includes two main experiments: an situ full-scale test performed at Grimsel (GTS) and a mock-up test operating since February 1997 at CIEMAT facilities in Madrid (Spain) [1,2,3]. One of the objectives of FEBEX is the development and testing of conceptual and numerical models for the thermal, hydrodynamic, and geochemical (THG) processes expected to take place in engineered clay barriers. A significant improvement in coupled THG modeling of the clay barrier has been achieved both in terms of a better understanding of THG processes and more sophisticated THG computer codes. The ability of these models to reproduce the observed THG patterns in a wide range of THG conditions enhances the confidence in their prediction capabilities. Numerical THG models of heating and hydration experiments performed on small-scale lab cells provide excellent results for temperatures, water inflow and final water content in the cells [3]. Calculated concentrations at the end of the experiments reproduce most of the patterns of measured data. In general, the fit of concentrations of dissolved species is better than that of exchanged cations. These models were later used to simulate the evolution of the large-scale experiments (in situ and mock-up). Some thermo-hydrodynamic hypotheses and bentonite parameters were slightly revised during TH calibration of the mock-up test. The results of the reference model reproduce simultaneously the observed water inflows and bentonite temperatures and relative humidities. Although the model is highly sensitive to one-at-a-time variations in model parameters, the possibility of parameter combinations leading to similar fits cannot be precluded. The TH model of the “in situ” test is based on the same bentonite TH parameters and assumptions as for the “mock-up” test. Granite parameters were slightly modified during the calibration process in order to reproduce the observed thermal and hydrodynamic evolution. The reference model captures properly relative humidities and temperatures in the bentonite [3]. It also reproduces the observed spatial distribution of water pressures and temperatures in the granite. Once calibrated the TH aspects of the model, predictions of the THG evolution of both tests were performed. Data from the dismantling of the in situ test, which is planned for the summer of 2001, will provide a unique opportunity to test and validate current THG models of the EBS.

So what's new? A survey of the education policies of orchestras and opera companies

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Winterson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Creative Music ◽  
Direct Support

Originally, the creative music workshop involving professional players was intended to give direct support to school teachers and to enhance music in the classroom, but today's large-scale, high-profile projects mounted by orchestras and opera companies appear to be developing into a full-scale industry on their own. Their role in partnership with schools and colleges now requires clarification: a survey of education policies has revealed some confusion of aims with few bodies looking closely at objectives, outcomes and effects. Music companies could profit from the experience of museums and art galleries.

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