scholarly journals Strain-Based Pipeline Design Criteria Review

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Dinovitzer ◽  
Raymond J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Design Standard ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Classification Society

The new Canadian limit states pipeline design standard (CSA Z662-96, Appendix C - Limit States Design) incorporates deformation or strain-based design criteria to prevent pipe rupture and or buckling and limit ovality due to bending. These criteria are different and in some instances, much more conservative than those contained in the Canadian offshore pipeline design standard (chapter 11 of CSA Z662-96) and similar standards used in other countries. This study was completed to review the ovality, buckling (including wrinkling) and rupture criteria included in current Canadian pipeline design standards (CSA Z662-96) and define its basic differences with respect to other standards. The deformation or strain based design criteria formulations in Z662 are compared with those contained in design standards, industry association recommendations and classification society rules from Norway, Britain, Germany, Australia and the USA to illustrate their differences and relative levels of conservatism. In addition, current and on-going research efforts were reviewed to identify the state-of-the-art in pipeline strain-based design, since this research could form the basis for future amendments to existing pipeline design standards. Based on the findings of this review, recommended changes to the limit states pipeline design formulation are given to better reflect the strain-based (non-linear or post-yield) design and assessment approaches included in the Canadian offshore or foreign pipeline design approaches. In addition, an analytical basis for pipeline ovality and buckling design criteria are recommended.

The New Technological Frontiers of CO2 and Hydrogen Transportation Via Pipelines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Arcangeletti ◽  
Daniele Scarsciafratte ◽  
Mariella Leporini ◽  
Benedetto Orselli ◽  
Angelo Santicchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
Engineering Effort ◽  
Co2 Transportation ◽  
Pipeline Design

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating the transition to decarbonized energy systems. In this context, major Operators and Contractors are bound to promote innovation and technological development. The paper describes how this is being applied to the design of offshore pipelines that are now required to transport not only Hydrocarbons but also anthropogenic CO2 and low-carbon Hydrogen. In order to evaluate all the new technical challenges presented in designing CO2 and H2 pipelines, a state of art has been carried out and is here presented focusing on all the new technical aspects associated to the main disciplines involved in the pipeline network design. Different technical aspects (such as performances evaluation of Equation of State in CCS, Design Standards application to both CO2 and hydrogen pipelines, energy capacity of hydrogen pipelines and others) have been also analytically or numerically addressed simulating credible pipeline operating scenarios. To achieve that, an intensive engineering effort is being dedicated to the development of knowledge, engineering tools, methods and procedures that will be the basis for the execution of future projects concerning H2 and CO2 transportation and storage. A particular focus has been dedicated to offshore pipeline design both for new installation and repurposing of existing ones. In parallel, the cooperation started between Operators, Contractors, Manufacturers, Institutions and Universities, as described in the present paper, acts as a "booster" for the consolidation of knowledge and for the advancing of technology to put in place to overcome those new challenges. Recommendations are made in relation to the gaps found in experimental evidence present in literature and gaps in Standards coverage for the proper pipeline design in those new scenarios.

The Status of Arctic Offshore Pipeline Standards and Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Paulin ◽  
Jonathan Caines ◽  
Amy Davis ◽  
Duane DeGeer ◽  
Todd Cowin
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pipeline Design

Abstract Offshore pipelines in an Arctic or ice-covered environment face unique challenges different from traditional subsea pipeline design. In 2018, Intecsea as lead consultancy delivered a report to the US Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) Alaska Region which provided a comprehensive review and gap analysis of the Status of Arctic Pipeline Standards and Technology. The objective of this study was to provide BSEE with a comprehensive review and gap analysis of current offshore Arctic pipeline design standards, codes and regulations pertaining to design and development of offshore pipelines in the Arctic, and to report on the state-of-the-art and emerging technologies for offshore pipelines in Arctic applications. Project development information from nine existing offshore Arctic pipelines in the U.S., Canada, and Russia was summarized, as well as guidelines and industry best-practice for monitoring and leak detection. This paper provides an overview of the results of this study; what offshore Arctic-specific pipeline design and construction challenges may entail, how they have been overcome in past projects, perceived gaps in regulations, and technology advancements that may help with future developments. This paper also summarizes the results of a comprehensive review and gap analysis of Arctic pipeline standards, assessment of the suitability of a single-walled versus pipe-in-pipe system for Arctic applications and presents information on some of the advancements in pipeline design, installation, operations and repair solutions that may be applicable to an Arctic environment.

Target Reliability Levels for Pipeline Limit States Design

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. E. Zimmerman ◽  
Q. Chen ◽  
M. D. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Working Stress ◽  
Partial Safety Factors ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Design Factors

The limit states design appendix currently being developed for inclusion in the Canadian Standards Association pipeline design code, Z662, Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems contains preliminary partial safety factors that were selected on the basis that they result in designs similar to those produced using the existing working stress design standards. This paper suggests an approach for selecting partial factors for limit states design of pipelines based on formal reliability analysis. Such an approach recognizes that consistent safety levels can be achieved for different pipeline sections by varying the target reliability as a function of the severity of failure consequences, where consequences are measured in terms of public safety, economic costs, and damage to the environment. Where the consequences of failure are more severe, higher reliability is required. Where the consequences are less severe, lower reliability can be tolerated, with the same risk level being achieved. This paper reviews the limit states design method and discusses the selection of target reliability levels and the reliability analysis procedures used to calibrate partial design factors.

Combined flexure and torsion of I-shaped steel beams

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Driver ◽  
D. J. Laurie Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Limit State ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Inelastic Interaction ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Interaction Diagram

Design standards provide little information for the design of I-shaped steel beams not loaded through the shear centre and therefore subjected to combined flexure and torsion. In particular, methods for determining the ultimate capacity, as is required in limit states design standards, are not presented. The literature on elastic analysis is extensive, but only limited experimental and analytical work has been conducted in the inelastic region. No comprehensive design procedures, applicable to limit states design standards, have been developed.From four tests conducted on cantilever beams, with varying moment–torque ratios, it is established that the torsional behaviour has two distinct phases, with the second dominated by second-order geometric effects. This second phase is nonutilizable because the added torsional restraint developed is path dependent and, if deflections had been restricted, would not have been significant. Based on the first-phase behaviour, a normal and shearing stress distribution on the cross section is proposed. From this, a moment–torque ultimate strength interaction diagram is developed, applicable to a number of different end and loading conditions. This ultimate limit state interaction diagram and serviceability limit states, based on first yield and on distortion limitations, provide a comprehensive design approach for these members. Key words: beams, bending moment, flexure, inelastic, interaction diagram, I-shaped, limit states, serviceability, steel, torsion, torque, ultimate.

Lateral Force Resisting Systems Made of Cold-Formed Steel Material: Proposal of Seismic Design Criteria for 2nd Generation of Eurocode 8

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Sarmad Shakeel ◽  
Alessia Campiche
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Eurocode 8 ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Design Strength ◽  
Cold Formed Steel

The current edition of Eurocode 8 does not cover the design of the Cold-Formed steel (CFS) building structures under the seismic design condition. As part of the revision process of Euro-code 8 to reflect the outcomes of extensive research carried out in the past decade, University of Naples “Federico II” is involved in the validation of existing seismic design criteria and development of new rules for the design of CFS systems. In particular, different types of Lateral Force Resisting System (LFRS) are analyzed that can be listed in the second generation of Eurocode 8. The investigated LFRS’s include CFS strap braced walls and CFS shear walls with steel sheets, wood, or gypsum sheathing. This paper provides the background information on the research works and the reference design standards, already being used in some parts of the world, which formed the basis of design criteria for these LFRS systems. The design criteria for the LFRS-s common to CFS buildings would include rules necessary for ensuring the dissipative behavior, appropriate values of the behavior factor, guidelines to predict the design strength, geometrical and mechanical limitations.

scholarly journals Integrity Management of Marine Structures; With Emphasis on Design for Structural Robustness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torgeir Moan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Fabrication Errors ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Operational Errors ◽  
And Control

Based on relevant accident experiences with oil and gas platforms, a brief overview of structural integrity management of offshore structures is given; including an account of adequate design criteria, inspection, repair and maintenance as well as quality assurance and control of the engineering processes. The focus is on developing research based design standards for Accidental Collapse Limit States to ensure robustness or damage tolerance in view damage caused by accidental loads due to operational errors and to some extent abnormal structural damage due to fabrication errors. Moreover, it is suggested to provide robustness in cases where the structural performance is sensitive to uncertain parameters. The use of risk assessment to aid decisions in lieu of uncertainties affecting the performance of novel and existing offshore structures, is briefly addressed.

scholarly journals IAU (Maser) Symposium 287 Summary

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S287) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl M. Menten
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Cosmic Masers ◽  
The Usa

Almost exactly twenty years ago, the first of a series of conferences dedicated to cosmic masers took place in Arlington, Virginia in the USA (March 9–11, 1992). Two more followed, each on a different continent, in Mangaratiba, near Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (March 5–10, 2001) and in Alice Springs, Australia (March 12–16, 2007). As at all others, a large part of the international maser community convened from January 29 to February 3, 2012 in splendid Stellenbosch, South Africa, to discuss the state of the art of the field.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Public Special School Environment (case: SLB Negeri Ungaran)

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 07044
Author(s):  
Bangun I.R. Harsritanto ◽  
Dessy Oktavia ◽  
Mira Annisa Rezeki ◽  
Hermin Werdiningsih
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Special School ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Design Standard ◽  
Evaluation Sheet

Information of design standard often become debatable condition in construction process. That condition brought different performance of building especially public building such public special schools. This paper aimed to emphasize the design regulation on special school by evaluating a public special school in Semarang Regency SLB Negeri Ungaran. The standard of education building standard of PERMENDIKNAS RI No. 33/2008 was being resumed into design criteria, then it became the evaluation sheet to value the case. The result of this research shown that most of the mandatory space already being built but the details were not designed as the standards.

scholarly journals Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Current State of the Art and Schools of Thought

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Sh. Kh. Gantsev ◽  
M. V. Zabelin ◽  
K. Sh. Gantsev ◽  
A. A. Izmailov ◽  
Sh. R. Kzyrgalin
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Current State ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scientific Questions

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a global challenge of modern oncology representing the most unfavourable scenario in diverse-locality tumourisation. Despite certain attention by the oncological community, the management of PC patients is currently palliative, which weakly promotes research into the basic principles of this morbidity. This literature review attempts to comprehensively cover the PC problematic from a global perspective and presents a key evidence on the world schools of thought in this area. Briefly taking, peritoneal carcinomatosis is viewed today as a local process in the conventional implantation theory, which imposes a locoregional character on all current or emerging therapies, such as cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Their inadequate efficacy is largely due to pronounced gaps in our understanding of PC logistics and signalling. PSOGI is a key organisation for centralising the specialty effort in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Despite its global geography and approach to PC discussion, a multitude of scientific questions remain unanswered impeding the establishment of novel effective therapies. The seven countries that nurtured distinguished schools of thought in PC studies are the USA, UK, Japan, China, Italy, France and Germany. Taking peritoneal carcinomatosis in a global perspective, an insufficient attention to its problematic in Russia should be addressed. The founding and fostering of national PC institutions will benefit cancer patients and progress in oncological science.

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