A Review on the Current Industrial Uses and the Future Outlook of Battery Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Choi ◽  
Nhi V. Quach ◽  
Yoonjin Won
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Battery Thermal Management System

Abstract Due to the high-power efficiency of lithium-ion batteries, there is an increased interest in integrating batteries into vehicles to create a more sustainable transportation method. However, batteries require thermal management systems to maintain heat generation within ranges lower than 40 kJ and operation temperatures between 25°C and 40°C. When exposed to extremely high or low temperatures, the battery efficiency decreases, and adverse consequences may occur. To combat this, research is conducted to explore various options to create thermofluidic systems that utilize fluids to regulate the battery pack’s temperatures. Developments in cooling systems have commonly used air as the cooling fluid, but research in recent years is innovating towards liquids to encourage a higher heat dissipation rate. This paper introduces battery thermal management system applications, current technologies and challenges, and innovations for improving existing models. The current technologies discussed involve manufactured systems based on air- and liquid-cooling for cylindrical and prismatic battery cells. We provide information on new engineered fluids for improvements in fluid properties. In addition to this, new directions related to manufacturing techniques or materials are highlighted to showcase potential changes to current systems to integrate complicated cooling channels in a three-dimensional design. This paper thereby aims to summarize the holistic view showing the direction of the field and possible techniques for battery thermal management.

scholarly journals Design of Cylindrical Thermal Dummy Cell for Development of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Shusheng Xiong ◽  
Xiaojun Zhou ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
Chongming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Real Cell

This paper aims to design thermal dummy cells (TDCs) that can be used in the development of lithium-ion battery thermal management systems. Based on physical property and geometry of real 18,650 cylindrical cells, a three-dimensional model of TDCs was designed, and it is used to numerically simulate the thermal performance of TDCs. Simulations show that the TDC can mimic the temperature change on the surface of a real cell both at static and dynamic current load. Experimental results show that the rate of heating resistance of TDC is less than 0.43% for temperatures between 27.5 °C and 90.5 °C. Powered by a two-step voltage source of 12 V, the temperature difference of TDCs is 1 °C and 1.6 °C along the circumference and the axial directions, respectively. Powered by a constant voltage source of 6 V, the temperature rising rates on the surface and in the core are higher than 1.9 °C/min. Afterwards, the proposed TDC was used to simulate a real cell for investigating its thermal performance under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), and the same tests were conducted using real cells. The test indicates that the TDC surface temperature matches well with that of the real battery during the NEDC test, while the temperature rise of TDC exceeds that of the real battery during the suburban cycle. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using TDCs to replace real cells, which can greatly improve safety and efficiency for the development of lithium-ion battery thermal management systems.

Critical review towards thermal management systems of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicle with its electronic control unit and assessment tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702098286
Author(s):  
C Kannan ◽  
R Vignesh ◽  
C Karthick ◽  
B Ashok
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Battery Thermal Management System

Lithium-ion batteries are facing difficulties in an aspect of protection towards battery thermal safety issues which leads to performance degradation or thermal runaway. To negate these issues an effective battery thermal management system is absolute pre-requisite to safeguard the lithium-ion batteries. In this context to support the future endeavours and to improvise battery thermal management system (BTMS) design and its operation the article reveals on three aspects through the analysis of scientific literatures. First, this paper collates the present research progress and status of various battery management strategies employed to lithium-ion batteries. Further, to promote stable and efficient BTMS operation as an initiation the extensive attention is paid towards roles of BTMS electronic control unit and also presented the essential functionality need to consider for designing best BTMS control strategy. Finally, elucidates the various unconventional assessment tools can be employed to recognize the suitable thermal management technique and also for establish optimum BTMS operation based on requirements. From the experience of this article additionally delivers some of the research gaps identified and the essential areas need to focus for the development of superior lithium-ion BTMS technology. All the contents reveal in this article will hopefully assist to the design commercially suitable effective BTMS technology especially for electro-mobility application.

scholarly journals Induction Heater Based Battery Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5711
Author(s):  
Waseem Raza ◽  
Gwang Soo Ko ◽  
Youn Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Management System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Induction Heater ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Battery Thermal Management System

The life and efficiency of electric vehicle batteries are susceptible to temperature. The impact of cold climate dramatically decreases battery life, while at the same time increasing internal impedance. Thus, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is vital to heat and maintain temperature range if the electric vehicle’s batteries are operating in a cold climate. This paper presents an induction heater-based battery thermal management system that aims to ensure thermal safety and prolong the life cycle of Lithium-ion batteries (Li-Bs). This study used a standard simulation tool known as GT-Suite to simulate the behavior of the proposed BTMS. For the heat transfer, an indirect liquid heating method with variations in flow rate was considered between Lithium-ion batteries. The battery and cabin heating rate was analyzed using the induction heater powers of 2, 4, and 6 kW at ambient temperatures of −20, −10, and 0 °C. A water and ethylene glycol mixture with a ratio of 50:50 was considered as an operating fluid. The findings reveal that the thermal performance of the proposed system is generally increased by increasing the flow rate and affected by the induction heater capacity. It is evident that at −20 °C with 27 LPM and 6 kW heater capacity, the maximum heat transfer rate is 0.0661 °C/s, whereas the lowest is 0.0295 °C/s with 2 kW heater capacity. Furthermore, the proposed BTMS could be a practical approach and help to design the thermal system for electric vehicles in the future.

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