On Continuum Based Multiscale Modelling of Engineered Soft Tissue Constructs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Bennedsen ◽  
Karen Chang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Multiscale Modeling ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Random Microstructure ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
Engineered Tissue

Engineered tissue constructs are assembled through combining scaffolds, cells and biologically active molecules for restoring, maintaining, or improving damaged tissues or whole organs. Cells in engineered tissue constructs often experience mechanical forces during the fabrication process, maturation process, and under in vivo conditions. These mechanical forces/stimuli induce cellular responses and affect cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. While it is critical to understand the mechanical milieu of cells in tissue constructs, it is also extremely challenging due to the time and length scale span. Multiscale modeling approaches have been emerged to provide linkage among different length scale. One of the approaches is continuum based multiscale modeling to link organ, tissue and cellular levels. A representative volume element (RVE) with periodic or random microstructure serves as a vehicle to connect different length scales. This study focuses on effects of RVE selection, microstructure, and boundary conditions on the mechanical environment at cellular level. In particular, cell embedded alginate tissue constructs were studied. Hyperelastic models were used for modeling alginate and cells. Multi-cellular FE models were generated. The results of the average properties and the stress/strain experienced by cells were compared under different conditions.

scholarly journals In vivo tissue engineering of a trilayered leaflet-shaped tissue construct

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1177-1192
Author(s):  
Soumen Jana ◽  
Amir Lerman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Proteins ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
In Vivo Tissue Engineering ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
Tissue Construct

Aim: We aimed to develop a leaflet-shaped trilayered tissue construct mimicking the morphology of native heart valve leaflets. Materials & methods: Electrospinning and in vivo tissue engineering methods were employed. Results: We developed leaflet-shaped microfibrous scaffolds, each with circumferentially, randomly and radially oriented three layers mimicking the trilayered, oriented structure of native leaflets. After 3 months in vivo tissue engineering with the scaffolds, the generated leaflet-shaped tissue constructs had a trilayered structure mimicking the orientations of native heart valve leaflets. Presence of collagen, glycosaminoglycans and elastin seen in native leaflets was observed in the engineered tissue constructs. Conclusion: Trilayered, oriented fibrous scaffolds brought the orientations of the infiltrated cells and their produced extracellular matrix proteins into the constructs.

scholarly journals Preconditioning of skeletal myoblast-based engineered tissue constructs enables functional coupling to myocardium in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Treskes ◽  
Klaus Neef ◽  
Sureshkumar Perumal Srinivasan ◽  
Marcel Halbach ◽  
Christof Stamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Skeletal Myoblast ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Engineered Tissue

ELEctrophysiological coupling OF skeletal myoblast based engineered tissue constructs IN VIVO

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Neef ◽  
P Treskes ◽  
S Kumar ◽  
M Khalil ◽  
OJ Liakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Myoblast ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Engineered Tissue

scholarly journals Microvascular Guidance: A Challenge to Support the Development of Vascularised Tissue Engineering Construct

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irza Sukmana
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Artificial Organ ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
And Function ◽  
Tissue Construct

The guidance of endothelial cell organization into a capillary network has been a long-standing challenge in tissue engineering. Some research efforts have been made to develop methods to promote capillary networks inside engineered tissue constructs. Capillary and vascular networks that would mimic blood microvessel function can be used to subsequently facilitate oxygen and nutrient transfer as well as waste removal. Vascularization of engineering tissue construct is one of the most favorable strategies to overpass nutrient and oxygen supply limitation, which is often the major hurdle in developing thick and complex tissue and artificial organ. This paper addresses recent advances and future challenges in developing three-dimensional culture systems to promote tissue construct vascularization allowing mimicking blood microvessel development and function encounteredin vivo. Bioreactors systems that have been used to create fully vascularized functional tissue constructs will also be outlined.

scholarly journals Transdifferentiation of Human Fibroblasts into Skeletal Muscle Cells: Optimization and Assembly into Engineered Tissue Constructs through Biological Ligands

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Khaled M. A. Abdel-Raouf ◽  
Rachid Rezgui ◽  
Cesare Stefanini ◽  
Jeremy C. M. Teo ◽  
Nicolas Christoforou
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Direct Reprogramming ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Skeletal Myoblasts ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
Muscle Models

The development of robust skeletal muscle models has been challenging due to the partial recapitulation of human physiology and architecture. Reliable and innovative 3D skeletal muscle models recently described offer an alternative that more accurately captures the in vivo environment but require an abundant cell source. Direct reprogramming or transdifferentiation has been considered as an alternative. Recent reports have provided evidence for significant improvements in the efficiency of derivation of human skeletal myotubes from human fibroblasts. Herein we aimed at improving the transdifferentiation process of human fibroblasts (tHFs), in addition to the differentiation of murine skeletal myoblasts (C2C12), and the differentiation of primary human skeletal myoblasts (HSkM). Differentiating or transdifferentiating cells were exposed to single or combinations of biological ligands, including Follistatin, GDF8, FGF2, GDF11, GDF15, hGH, TMSB4X, BMP4, BMP7, IL6, and TNF-α. These were selected for their critical roles in myogenesis and regeneration. C2C12 and tHFs displayed significant differentiation deficits when exposed to FGF2, BMP4, BMP7, and TNF-α, while proliferation was significantly enhanced by FGF2. When exposed to combinations of ligands, we observed consistent deficit differentiation when TNF-α was included. Finally, our direct reprogramming technique allowed for the assembly of elongated, cross-striated, and aligned tHFs within tissue-engineered 3D skeletal muscle constructs. In conclusion, we describe an efficient system to transdifferentiate human fibroblasts into myogenic cells and a platform for the generation of tissue-engineered constructs. Future directions will involve the evaluation of the functional characteristics of these engineered tissues.

Biomedical applications: Pitfalls in the practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. D. Shelburne ◽  
Peter Ingram ◽  
Victor L. Roggli ◽  
Ann LeFurgey
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Asbestos Fibers

At present most medical microprobe analysis is conducted on insoluble particulates such as asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Cryotechniques are not necessary for this type of specimen. Insoluble particulates can be processed conventionally. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that conventional processing is unacceptable for specimens in which electrolyte distributions in tissues are sought. It is necessary to flash-freeze in order to preserve the integrity of electrolyte distributions at the subcellular and cellular level. Ideally, biopsies should be flash-frozen in the operating room rather than being frozen several minutes later in a histology laboratory. Electrolytes will move during such a long delay. While flammable cryogens such as propane obviously cannot be used in an operating room, liquid nitrogen-cooled slam-freezing devices or guns may be permitted, and are the best way to achieve an artifact-free, accurate tissue sample which truly reflects the in vivo state. Unfortunately, the importance of cryofixation is often not understood. Investigators bring tissue samples fixed in glutaraldehyde to a microprobe laboratory with a request for microprobe analysis for electrolytes.

Experimental Study of the Impact of Alisma plantago-aquatica Secretions on Pathogenic Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskyy ◽  
O. Hulay
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Popula Tions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To estimate the impact of in vivo secretions of water plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) on the popula- tions of pathogenic bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Methods. The plants were isolated from their natural conditions, the roots were washed from the substrate residues and cultivated in laboratory conditions for 10 days to heal the damage. Then the water was changed; seven days later the selected samples were sterilized using fi lters with 0.2 μm pore diameter. The dilution of water plantain root diffusates in the experimental samples was 1:10–1:10,000. The initial density of E. rhusiopathiae bacteria populations was the same for both experimental and control samples. The estimation of the results was conducted 48 hours later. Results. When the dilution of root diffusates was 1:10, the density of erysipelothrixes in the experimental samples was 11.26 times higher than that of the control, on average, the dilution of 1:100 − 6.16 times higher, 1:1000 – 3.22 times higher, 1:10,000 – 1.81 times higher, respectively. Conclusions. The plants of A. plantago-aquatica species are capable of affecting the populations of E. rhusiopathiae pathogenic bacteria via the secretion of biologically active substances into the environment. The consequences of this interaction are positive for the abovementioned bacteria, which is demon- strated by the increase in the density of their populations in the experiment compared to the control. The intensity of the stimulating effect on the populations of E. rhusiopathiae in the root diffusates of A. plantago-aquatica is re- ciprocally dependent on the degree of their dilution. The investigated impact of water plantain on erysipelothrixes should be related to the topical type of biocenotic connections, the formation of which between the test species in the ecosystems might promote maintaining the potential of natural focus of rabies. Keywords: Alisma plantago-aquatica, in vivo secretions, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, population density, topical type of connections.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

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